This document summarizes the history, diagnosis, treatment, and control of tuberculosis (TB). It outlines the key events in TB history from 1882 to modern strategies. TB can present as primary, latent, reactivated, or extra pulmonary forms. Diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, molecular tests, and drug susceptibility testing. Treatment follows standard short-course regimens under direct observation. Control relies on detection, treatment, contact investigation, and isolation following DOTS and STOP TB strategies with standardized recording and political/financial support.

3. Dr. Satti M. Saleh
Chief of Infectious Diseases Department MGH
Director of IC Unit Meeqat General hospital
CBAHI IC TEAM Member Medical
Director Meeqat General Hospital

4. HISTORY
• * Mycobacterium tuberculosis
* MoTT•
* 24/3/1882 (Robert Koch) •
* 1993 (WHO – International Emergency)•
* 2000 ( Global partenership (STOP TB))•
* DOT strategy•
* DOTS strategy •
* 2006 ( THE STOP TB STRATEGY)•

5. CLINICAL SYNDROMS
Primary TB (1st Exposure)
* Laten TB 
* Reactivation TB 
* Pulmonary TB 
* Extra pulmonary TB 

6. DIAGNOSIS:
AFB stain
* Culture 
LJmedia 
Bactec 
* Molecular Method 
PCR 
Species determination 
Drug resistant mutation 
Typing 
* Others 

7. BASIC CONTROL
Detection of cases
* Treatment (DOT)
* INH Prophylaxis for 
high risk
* Contact investigation
* Isolation

8. Standardized short-course anti-TB
treatment (SCC) given under direct and
supportive observation (DOT).
1- INH 5mg /kg 
2- RMP 10mg/kg 
3- PZA 20-25mg/kg 
4- ETM 15-25mg/kg 
4 Drugs for 1st 2 months 
1st 2 Drugs for 2nd 4 months 

9. Isolation
AIRBORNE 
Negative pressure 
HEPA filters 
HEPA mask 
Special mask for patient 
 Pulmonary TB S+A Till sputum
Negative

10. DRUG RESISTANT
TB
Mono resistant (1 drug)
* Poly Resistant ( ~ 1 not 
MDR)
* MDR (INH + RIF) 
* Extensively resistant (XDR – 
all 1st line)

11. Other drugs
1- Amikacine
2- Kanamycine
3- Thiacetazone
4-Quinilone
5- cycloserine
6-clofazemine

12. TREATMENT OF LATENT
INFECTION
* Tuberculin test
* PPD +ve
* PPD -ve (2 step testing)
* (Avoid misclassification)

13. INDICATION
 HIV ≥ 5mm
* Immunosuppressive drugs ≥ 5mm 
* Close contact of TB patient ≥ 5mm 
Fibrotic lesion on CXR ≥ 5mm 
Recently infected 2years ~10mm 
person
* High risk medical conditions 
~10mm

14. DOTS STRATEGY
- Detect smear +ve case & reporting
- Observation of therapy( DOTs )
- Treatment monitoring ( recording,
reporting assessment) -
- Short course (Drug
Supply)
- Government & non – government
commitment

15. STOP TB STRATEGY (2006 –
2015)
* DOTs
* TB + HIV 
* Health System support 
* Engage all health care 
provider
* Empower people with TB & 
community
*Enable & promote research 

17. Standardized recording and
reporting
Helps to keep track of each individual patient 
and to monitor overall programme
performance

18. Sustained political and financial
commitment.
TB can be cured and the epidemic reversed if 
adequate resources and administrative
support for TB control are provided