This document discusses prepositions and conjunctions in Mandarin Chinese. It provides examples of the most common prepositions used to indicate location, direction of action, joint performance of action, and transfer of something. Prepositions in Chinese always follow the object noun and verb. The document also lists some common conjunctions used to connect words, phrases, or sentences, including additive conjunctions like "he" (and) and contrast conjunctions like "keshì" (but).
This document defines and provides examples of the main word classes or parts of speech in English:
Nouns identify people, things, ideas, qualities, or states. Verbs describe actions, events, situations, or changes. Adjectives describe nouns and provide extra information. Adverbs provide information about verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs to make meanings stronger or weaker. Pronouns are used in place of nouns that have already been mentioned. Prepositions show relationships between nouns and other words. Conjunctions connect phrases, clauses, and sentences. Determiners introduce nouns. Exclamations express strong emotions.
This document defines and explains categorical syllogisms. It discusses the key elements of categorical syllogisms including premises, terms, and rules governing validity. Categorical syllogisms are logical arguments with three terms and two premises that lead to a conclusion. The major premise contains the major term, minor premise contains the minor term, and the conclusion is derived from the premises. There are rules regarding the terms, quality of propositions, and quantity of propositions that must be followed for a syllogism to be valid. Fallacies can occur if these rules are violated.
This document discusses Case Theory and Binding Theory within the framework of Government and Binding Theory. It provides three key points:
1. Case Theory explains how case is assigned in sentences, distinguishing between structural case assigned by verbs and prepositions, and inherent case assigned to specific arguments. Principles of Case Theory like the Case Filter ensure DPs receive case.
2. Binding Theory defines the distribution of anaphors, pronouns, and R-expressions based on their binding properties and principles of locality. It interacts with movement and empty categories left by movement.
3. Together, Case Theory and Binding Theory are part of the overall GB model and operate at a representational level beyond D-structure and S
This document discusses different types of clauses that can be used in sentences. It defines clauses as sentences embedded within other sentences and provides examples of full clauses, question clauses, infinitive clauses, gerund clauses, and non-factual clauses. It also discusses verbal nouns, comparing different clause types, syntactic ambiguity, and sources of ambiguity including ellipsis, coordination, and modifier placement.
The document discusses categorical propositions and their logical properties. It covers:
- The standard form of categorical propositions involving quantifiers like "all" and "some."
- The quality and quantity of propositions.
- Letter names assigned to proposition types.
- The distribution of terms and existential import of propositions.
- Systems for representing propositions diagrammatically, like Venn diagrams and the square of opposition.
- Conversions between propositions through operations like conversion, obversion, and contraposition.
- Testing proposition validity and logical fallacies from Boolean and Aristotelian perspectives.
The document discusses the indefinite article "a" or "an". It provides information on the uses of the indefinite article, including to introduce a noun, show membership in a group, or generalize about a class. Examples are given for each use such as "An Englishman was on a plane" and "That man is a military officer". The document also discusses the determiner, pronoun, and adverb "any" and provides examples of its uses including "Do you have any change?" and "Any fool knows that".
This document defines and explains logical concepts such as simple and compound statements, truth tables, logical operators like negation and conjunction, and argument validity. It discusses translating statements into symbolic logic using variables, determining statement truth values from truth tables, and classifying statements as tautologies, contradictions, or contingencies. Common valid argument forms like modus ponens and modus tollens are also defined.
This document discusses prepositions and conjunctions in Mandarin Chinese. It provides examples of the most common prepositions used to indicate location, direction of action, joint performance of action, and transfer of something. Prepositions in Chinese always follow the object noun and verb. The document also lists some common conjunctions used to connect words, phrases, or sentences, including additive conjunctions like "he" (and) and contrast conjunctions like "keshì" (but).
This document defines and provides examples of the main word classes or parts of speech in English:
Nouns identify people, things, ideas, qualities, or states. Verbs describe actions, events, situations, or changes. Adjectives describe nouns and provide extra information. Adverbs provide information about verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs to make meanings stronger or weaker. Pronouns are used in place of nouns that have already been mentioned. Prepositions show relationships between nouns and other words. Conjunctions connect phrases, clauses, and sentences. Determiners introduce nouns. Exclamations express strong emotions.
This document defines and explains categorical syllogisms. It discusses the key elements of categorical syllogisms including premises, terms, and rules governing validity. Categorical syllogisms are logical arguments with three terms and two premises that lead to a conclusion. The major premise contains the major term, minor premise contains the minor term, and the conclusion is derived from the premises. There are rules regarding the terms, quality of propositions, and quantity of propositions that must be followed for a syllogism to be valid. Fallacies can occur if these rules are violated.
This document discusses Case Theory and Binding Theory within the framework of Government and Binding Theory. It provides three key points:
1. Case Theory explains how case is assigned in sentences, distinguishing between structural case assigned by verbs and prepositions, and inherent case assigned to specific arguments. Principles of Case Theory like the Case Filter ensure DPs receive case.
2. Binding Theory defines the distribution of anaphors, pronouns, and R-expressions based on their binding properties and principles of locality. It interacts with movement and empty categories left by movement.
3. Together, Case Theory and Binding Theory are part of the overall GB model and operate at a representational level beyond D-structure and S
This document discusses different types of clauses that can be used in sentences. It defines clauses as sentences embedded within other sentences and provides examples of full clauses, question clauses, infinitive clauses, gerund clauses, and non-factual clauses. It also discusses verbal nouns, comparing different clause types, syntactic ambiguity, and sources of ambiguity including ellipsis, coordination, and modifier placement.
The document discusses categorical propositions and their logical properties. It covers:
- The standard form of categorical propositions involving quantifiers like "all" and "some."
- The quality and quantity of propositions.
- Letter names assigned to proposition types.
- The distribution of terms and existential import of propositions.
- Systems for representing propositions diagrammatically, like Venn diagrams and the square of opposition.
- Conversions between propositions through operations like conversion, obversion, and contraposition.
- Testing proposition validity and logical fallacies from Boolean and Aristotelian perspectives.
The document discusses the indefinite article "a" or "an". It provides information on the uses of the indefinite article, including to introduce a noun, show membership in a group, or generalize about a class. Examples are given for each use such as "An Englishman was on a plane" and "That man is a military officer". The document also discusses the determiner, pronoun, and adverb "any" and provides examples of its uses including "Do you have any change?" and "Any fool knows that".
This document defines and explains logical concepts such as simple and compound statements, truth tables, logical operators like negation and conjunction, and argument validity. It discusses translating statements into symbolic logic using variables, determining statement truth values from truth tables, and classifying statements as tautologies, contradictions, or contingencies. Common valid argument forms like modus ponens and modus tollens are also defined.
This document summarizes the key concepts of classical logic. It discusses deduction, categorical propositions, and the square of opposition. Categorical propositions are divided into four types - A, E, I, and O - based on quality and quantity. Quality refers to affirmative or negative, while quantity refers to universal or particular. The square of opposition shows the relationships between propositions, including contraries, subcontraries, subalternation, and contradictories.
This document discusses different types of propositions:
1. Categorical propositions declare something unconditionally, while hypothetical propositions express a conditional relationship between two clauses.
2. There are three types of hypothetical propositions: conditional, disjunctive, and conjunctive.
3. Conditional propositions express dependence between two statements using terms like "if" and "then". Disjunctive propositions use "either/or" to present alternatives that exclude each other. Conjunctive propositions deny that two contradictory statements can both be true of the same subject.
This document discusses different types of propositions: categorical propositions, hypothetical propositions, and modal propositions. It provides examples and definitions for each type. Specifically for hypothetical propositions, it defines three kinds: conditional propositions, disjunctive propositions, and conjunctive propositions. For modal propositions, it defines four modes: necessary, contingent, possible, and impossible and provides examples of each. The document concludes with exercises identifying proposition types.
This document discusses several key concepts in generative grammar including X-bar theory, case theory, projection principle, adjuncts, and theta theory. It notes some limitations of X-bar theory and introduces concepts like case/caseless positions, the case filter, and how case theory addresses issues like why nouns and adjectives require prepositions when taking NP complements. It also defines key terms in theta theory like theta roles, theta grids, and the principles of theta theory regarding sisterhood and the theta criterion.
Categorical Propositions 4.3, 4.5, 4.6 W SoundHilltop Estates
The document discusses categorical propositions and the Aristotelian vs Boolean approaches. Aristotle assumed existence in universal propositions, while Boole did not. Venn diagrams were developed using the Boolean standpoint. There are modern and traditional squares of opposition that differ in how they treat existence. Arguments can be valid unconditionally from the Boolean standpoint or conditionally from the Aristotelian standpoint depending on actual existence.
This document discusses syllogisms in ordinary language. It begins by outlining objectives related to identifying ways arguments can deviate from standard form, reducing the number of terms in a syllogism, and translating categorical propositions. It then covers reducing terms to three, translating propositions into standard form, using parameters for uniform translation, identifying enthymemes and sorites, and disjunctive and hypothetical syllogisms. It concludes with discussing types of dilemmas and methods for responding to them.
Based from the book : "Logic Made Simple for Filipinos" by Florentino Timbreza here is the summary made into powerpoint of Lesson 12: The Categorical Syllogism.
It Includes:
Introduction to categorical syllogism
General Axioms of the Syllogism
Eight Syllogistic Rules
Figures and Moods of the Categorical Syllogism
Examples in these slides are our own, there were no examples derived from the book.
This document discusses categorical propositions, including their four classes (A, E, I, O), quality, quantity, distribution, and opposition. It describes the traditional square of opposition and immediate inferences. It then introduces the Boolean interpretation, which removes existential import from universal propositions and transforms the square of opposition. Finally, it presents symbolic notation and Venn diagrams for representing categorical propositions under the Boolean interpretation.
The document discusses syllogistic figures and principles of categorical syllogism. It explains:
1) Four syllogistic figures defined by the location of the middle term in the premises.
2) Five principles of categorical syllogism including reciprocal identity, reciprocal non-identity, dictum de omni, dictum de nullo, and contradiction.
3) Basic rules of categorical syllogism requiring three terms, limitations on negatives, and conclusions matching premises.
4) For a syllogism to be valid it must be correct in form and have true content.
The document discusses key concepts in syntax including nouns, determiners, verbs, and phrases. It defines nouns as names of people, places, and things. Determiners like articles help limit the range of things a noun can refer to. Verbs describe actions and states. Phrases consist of one or more words and can be constituents within a sentence containing other constituents. The document provides examples to illustrate these syntax concepts.
The document discusses the key concepts of logic, including the nature of arguments and their components. An argument consists of premises and a conclusion, which can be identified using common indicators. Deductive arguments claim necessity while inductive arguments claim probability. Valid deductive arguments cannot have true premises and a false conclusion, while strong inductive arguments make it improbable that the conclusion is false. The validity of an argument depends on its form.
Prepositions of place indicate the location or position of something and are used after forms of the verb "to be". Some common prepositions of place in English include behind, in front of, next to, in, on, under, above, and between. Examples show how prepositions of place come after the verb "to be" to locate the subject, such as "The rabbit is behind the tree" and "The dog is next to the house".
This document discusses categorical propositions and their forms. There are four standard forms of categorical propositions: universal affirmative, universal negative, particular affirmative, and particular negative. Each proposition has a quality (affirmative or negative), quantity (universal or particular), and distribution (the classes designated by the subject and predicate terms). The relationships between the forms are organized in the traditional square of opposition, where propositions can be contradictories, contraries, subcontraries, or correspond with each other based on their qualities and quantities.
This document discusses reasoning and inference. It defines reasoning as a mental process of inferring the agreement or disagreement of two ideas based on their relation to a common third idea. There are two methods of reasoning: induction and deduction. Inference refers to drawing conclusions from given propositions. There are two types of inference - immediate and mediate. Immediate inference draws directly from one proposition to another. Mediate inference involves reasoning through multiple steps. The document also discusses various logical rules and relationships between categorical propositions like conversion, obversion, and opposition.
This document provides examples of prepositions that connect nouns and pronouns to verbs and adjectives in sentences. Some common prepositions listed include "in", "on", "under", "over", "at", "to", "by", "below", "above", "across", "beside", and examples are given of short sentences using these prepositions to describe the location or position of objects like a dog, fire hydrant, tree, and gate in relation to each other.
This document provides instructions for editing sentences by focusing on verb phrases. It outlines a 4-step process: 1) Isolate and mark all verb phrases, 2) Check the verb form based on 3 "AFTER" rules, 3) Check that each verb phrase has a clear subject, and 4) Check subject-verb agreement. Examples are given to illustrate common verb phrase errors and how to fix them according to the rules. The goal is to teach how to identify and correct issues with verb phrases, subjects, and agreement in sentences.
This document discusses different types of arguments, including deductive and inductive arguments. It provides examples of various deductive argument forms such as syllogisms (categorical, hypothetical, disjunctive), arguments based on mathematics or definitions. Inductive argument forms discussed include prediction, analogy, generalization, arguments from authority, signs, and causal inference. Specific examples are given to illustrate each type of argument form.
This document defines and provides examples of the eight parts of speech: noun, pronoun, article, adjective, verb, adverb, conjunction, and preposition. A noun denotes a person, place or thing. A pronoun replaces a noun. An article precedes a noun. An adjective describes a noun. A verb denotes action or state of being. An adverb describes a verb, adjective or another adverb. A conjunction joins clauses or sentences. A preposition gives orientation or direction to a noun.
Verb Tenses are among the most important aspects of English grammar. If one understands the usage of verb tenses, it gives a lot of confidence to her/him.
This document helps the reader to understand the basic and extended uses of different forms of tenses.
It is important to speak the language if one intends to achieve fluency at speaking.
This document summarizes the key concepts of classical logic. It discusses deduction, categorical propositions, and the square of opposition. Categorical propositions are divided into four types - A, E, I, and O - based on quality and quantity. Quality refers to affirmative or negative, while quantity refers to universal or particular. The square of opposition shows the relationships between propositions, including contraries, subcontraries, subalternation, and contradictories.
This document discusses different types of propositions:
1. Categorical propositions declare something unconditionally, while hypothetical propositions express a conditional relationship between two clauses.
2. There are three types of hypothetical propositions: conditional, disjunctive, and conjunctive.
3. Conditional propositions express dependence between two statements using terms like "if" and "then". Disjunctive propositions use "either/or" to present alternatives that exclude each other. Conjunctive propositions deny that two contradictory statements can both be true of the same subject.
This document discusses different types of propositions: categorical propositions, hypothetical propositions, and modal propositions. It provides examples and definitions for each type. Specifically for hypothetical propositions, it defines three kinds: conditional propositions, disjunctive propositions, and conjunctive propositions. For modal propositions, it defines four modes: necessary, contingent, possible, and impossible and provides examples of each. The document concludes with exercises identifying proposition types.
This document discusses several key concepts in generative grammar including X-bar theory, case theory, projection principle, adjuncts, and theta theory. It notes some limitations of X-bar theory and introduces concepts like case/caseless positions, the case filter, and how case theory addresses issues like why nouns and adjectives require prepositions when taking NP complements. It also defines key terms in theta theory like theta roles, theta grids, and the principles of theta theory regarding sisterhood and the theta criterion.
Categorical Propositions 4.3, 4.5, 4.6 W SoundHilltop Estates
The document discusses categorical propositions and the Aristotelian vs Boolean approaches. Aristotle assumed existence in universal propositions, while Boole did not. Venn diagrams were developed using the Boolean standpoint. There are modern and traditional squares of opposition that differ in how they treat existence. Arguments can be valid unconditionally from the Boolean standpoint or conditionally from the Aristotelian standpoint depending on actual existence.
This document discusses syllogisms in ordinary language. It begins by outlining objectives related to identifying ways arguments can deviate from standard form, reducing the number of terms in a syllogism, and translating categorical propositions. It then covers reducing terms to three, translating propositions into standard form, using parameters for uniform translation, identifying enthymemes and sorites, and disjunctive and hypothetical syllogisms. It concludes with discussing types of dilemmas and methods for responding to them.
Based from the book : "Logic Made Simple for Filipinos" by Florentino Timbreza here is the summary made into powerpoint of Lesson 12: The Categorical Syllogism.
It Includes:
Introduction to categorical syllogism
General Axioms of the Syllogism
Eight Syllogistic Rules
Figures and Moods of the Categorical Syllogism
Examples in these slides are our own, there were no examples derived from the book.
This document discusses categorical propositions, including their four classes (A, E, I, O), quality, quantity, distribution, and opposition. It describes the traditional square of opposition and immediate inferences. It then introduces the Boolean interpretation, which removes existential import from universal propositions and transforms the square of opposition. Finally, it presents symbolic notation and Venn diagrams for representing categorical propositions under the Boolean interpretation.
The document discusses syllogistic figures and principles of categorical syllogism. It explains:
1) Four syllogistic figures defined by the location of the middle term in the premises.
2) Five principles of categorical syllogism including reciprocal identity, reciprocal non-identity, dictum de omni, dictum de nullo, and contradiction.
3) Basic rules of categorical syllogism requiring three terms, limitations on negatives, and conclusions matching premises.
4) For a syllogism to be valid it must be correct in form and have true content.
The document discusses key concepts in syntax including nouns, determiners, verbs, and phrases. It defines nouns as names of people, places, and things. Determiners like articles help limit the range of things a noun can refer to. Verbs describe actions and states. Phrases consist of one or more words and can be constituents within a sentence containing other constituents. The document provides examples to illustrate these syntax concepts.
The document discusses the key concepts of logic, including the nature of arguments and their components. An argument consists of premises and a conclusion, which can be identified using common indicators. Deductive arguments claim necessity while inductive arguments claim probability. Valid deductive arguments cannot have true premises and a false conclusion, while strong inductive arguments make it improbable that the conclusion is false. The validity of an argument depends on its form.
Prepositions of place indicate the location or position of something and are used after forms of the verb "to be". Some common prepositions of place in English include behind, in front of, next to, in, on, under, above, and between. Examples show how prepositions of place come after the verb "to be" to locate the subject, such as "The rabbit is behind the tree" and "The dog is next to the house".
This document discusses categorical propositions and their forms. There are four standard forms of categorical propositions: universal affirmative, universal negative, particular affirmative, and particular negative. Each proposition has a quality (affirmative or negative), quantity (universal or particular), and distribution (the classes designated by the subject and predicate terms). The relationships between the forms are organized in the traditional square of opposition, where propositions can be contradictories, contraries, subcontraries, or correspond with each other based on their qualities and quantities.
This document discusses reasoning and inference. It defines reasoning as a mental process of inferring the agreement or disagreement of two ideas based on their relation to a common third idea. There are two methods of reasoning: induction and deduction. Inference refers to drawing conclusions from given propositions. There are two types of inference - immediate and mediate. Immediate inference draws directly from one proposition to another. Mediate inference involves reasoning through multiple steps. The document also discusses various logical rules and relationships between categorical propositions like conversion, obversion, and opposition.
This document provides examples of prepositions that connect nouns and pronouns to verbs and adjectives in sentences. Some common prepositions listed include "in", "on", "under", "over", "at", "to", "by", "below", "above", "across", "beside", and examples are given of short sentences using these prepositions to describe the location or position of objects like a dog, fire hydrant, tree, and gate in relation to each other.
This document provides instructions for editing sentences by focusing on verb phrases. It outlines a 4-step process: 1) Isolate and mark all verb phrases, 2) Check the verb form based on 3 "AFTER" rules, 3) Check that each verb phrase has a clear subject, and 4) Check subject-verb agreement. Examples are given to illustrate common verb phrase errors and how to fix them according to the rules. The goal is to teach how to identify and correct issues with verb phrases, subjects, and agreement in sentences.
This document discusses different types of arguments, including deductive and inductive arguments. It provides examples of various deductive argument forms such as syllogisms (categorical, hypothetical, disjunctive), arguments based on mathematics or definitions. Inductive argument forms discussed include prediction, analogy, generalization, arguments from authority, signs, and causal inference. Specific examples are given to illustrate each type of argument form.
This document defines and provides examples of the eight parts of speech: noun, pronoun, article, adjective, verb, adverb, conjunction, and preposition. A noun denotes a person, place or thing. A pronoun replaces a noun. An article precedes a noun. An adjective describes a noun. A verb denotes action or state of being. An adverb describes a verb, adjective or another adverb. A conjunction joins clauses or sentences. A preposition gives orientation or direction to a noun.
Verb Tenses are among the most important aspects of English grammar. If one understands the usage of verb tenses, it gives a lot of confidence to her/him.
This document helps the reader to understand the basic and extended uses of different forms of tenses.
It is important to speak the language if one intends to achieve fluency at speaking.
English Grammar Lecture 6: Verb Patterns and the "Be" PatternsEd McCorduck
The "Verb Patterns and the 'Be' Patterns" lecture I delivered in my English 402--Grammar course at the State University of New York College at Cortland.
This document discusses bank deposits, including the types of deposits, factors that affect deposits, and measures to increase deposits. It also covers pricing deposits, "Know Your Customer" guidelines for opening accounts, deposit insurance, and non-deposit sources of funds for banks.
Savings bank deposits are meant for small savers and have restrictions on withdrawals and minimum balance requirements. Current deposits are for business people and allow withdrawals by cheque but no interest. Recurring deposits encourage regular monthly savings over a fixed period by automatically depositing a set amount each month to earn interest. Fixed deposits are repaid after a specific time period but penalties apply for early closure. Proper documentation and verification is required to open any type of bank deposit.
Meaning definition and functions of bankingSVS College
This document summarizes a workshop on modern banking in India. It discusses the evolution of banking in India from early presidency banks to the current system. The key highlights are:
1) It describes the major components of the current Indian banking system, which includes the Reserve Bank of India, commercial banks, development banks, regional rural banks, cooperative banks, and NABARD.
2) It provides an overview of various types of banks like public sector banks, private sector banks, development banks, regional rural banks, cooperative banks, and land development banks.
3) It discusses the roles and functions of different banks like accepting deposits, lending, investment activities, microfinance initiatives, and agricultural financing.
The document defines banking as accepting deposits that are repayable on demand or at a later date and can be withdrawn by cheque or draft. It discusses the main functions of banks as accepting various types of deposits like fixed, current, savings, and recurring deposits, and lending loans with different durations like call, short term, medium term, overdraft, cash credit, and bills of exchange. The document also lists additional financial services banks provide like merchant banking, leasing, mutual funds, venture capital, ATMs, telebanking, credit cards, locker services, and underwriting.
This document provides an overview of the banking system in India. It defines banking and outlines the key laws and institutions that govern banking operations, including the Reserve Bank of India Act and the Banking Regulation Act. It describes the structure of banks in India, categorizing them as commercial banks, cooperative banks, and development banks. It provides details on the various types of commercial banks, cooperative banks, and development banks in India. It also summarizes the major functions and roles of the Reserve Bank of India in regulating the banking system.
How I got 2.5 Million views on Slideshare (by @nickdemey - Board of Innovation)Board of Innovation
This document provides tips for creating engaging slide decks on SlideShare that garner many views. It recommends focusing on quality over quantity when creating each slide, using compelling images and headlines, and including calls to action throughout. It also suggests experimenting with sharing techniques and doing so in waves to build momentum. The goal is to create decks that are optimized for sharing and spread across multiple channels over time.
An impactful approach to the Seven Deadly Sins you and your Brand should avoid on Social Media! From a humoristic approach to a modern-life analogy for Social Media and including everything in between, this deck is a compelling resource that will provide you with more than a few take-aways for your Brand!
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like depression and anxiety.
How People Really Hold and Touch (their Phones)Steven Hoober
The document discusses design guidelines for touchscreen interfaces based on research into how people actually hold and interact with mobile devices. It provides data on finger sizes, common grips, touch targets, and notes that touch interaction is not just about finger size and pinpoint accuracy. The guidelines include making targets visible and tappable, designing for different screen sizes, leaving space for scrolling, and testing interfaces at scale.
You are dumb at the internet. You don't know what will go viral. We don't either. But we are slighter less dumber. So here's a bunch of stuff we learned that will help you be less dumb too.
What 33 Successful Entrepreneurs Learned From FailureReferralCandy
Entrepreneurs encounter failure often. Successful entrepreneurs overcome failure and emerge wiser. We've taken 33 lessons about failure from Brian Honigman's article "33 Entrepreneurs Share Their Biggest Lessons Learned from Failure", illustrated them with statistics and a little story about entrepreneurship... in space!
Rand Fishkin discusses why content marketing often fails and provides 5 key reasons: 1) Unrealistic expectations of how content marketing works, 2) Creating content without a community to amplify it, 3) Focusing on content creation but not amplification, 4) Ignoring search engine optimization, and 5) Giving up too soon and not allowing time for content to gain traction. He emphasizes that content marketing is a long-term process of building relationships and that most successful content took years of iteration before gaining significant reach.
SEO has changed a lot over the last two decades. We all know about Google Panda & Penguin, but did you know there was a time when search engine results were returned by humans? Crazy right? We take a trip down memory lane to chart some of the biggest events in SEO that have helped shape the industry today.
Inside this guide, you'll learn an insiders tips and techniques to getting into the marketing industry - no job applications necessary.
You'll learn what marketing really is, why you'll find a job easily, what entry level marketing jobs look like and four actionable things you can try right now to help get you into the marketing industry.
Visit Inbound.org and the Inbound.org/jobs community jobs board to find opportunities and connect with professional marketers from all over.
This document discusses different parts of speech and phrases in English syntax, including adjectives and adjective phrases, adverbs and adverb phrases, prepositions and prepositional phrases, and verbs and verb phrases. It provides examples and rules for each type. Adjectives modify nouns, adverb phrases can modify verbs, adjectives, or whole sentences, and prepositional phrases function as part of the predicate. There are different classes of verbs including transitive, intransitive, and ditransitive verbs that take different types of objects.
A phrasal verb is a verb combined with a preposition, adverb, or both to form a semantic unit. Phrasal verbs are common in English and often have meanings different from the individual words. There are two main types - particle verbs containing adverbs and prepositional verbs containing prepositions. The position of objects with phrasal verbs depends on whether it is a particle or prepositional verb and whether the object is a pronoun or noun phrase. Phrasal verbs are an important part of spoken English.
Affixation, compounding, multi - word verbs Mark Bouwens
this presentation is about three of the most common word formation strategies. It covers an outlined discussion of the topic with examples and exercises for mastery. It includes affixation, compounding, phrasal verbs
This document discusses ways to expand sentences, including:
1) Making subjects, verbs, or complements compound by joining them with conjunctions
2) Inserting appositives to rename nouns
3) Using verbals or verbal phrases ending in "-ing" that function as nouns
4) Adding noun clauses that can act as subjects, objects, or other parts of speech
5) Modifying subjects or complements with adjective clauses providing descriptions
6) Modifying verbs with adverb clauses about time, place, manner using conjunctions
7) Adding adjectives, adverbs or prepositional phrases for more description
There are three types of prepositions - simple, compound, and phrasal. Prepositions show the relationship between an object and another word in a sentence in terms of time, space, or other senses. Prepositional phrases consist of a preposition and an object, which is usually a noun or pronoun. Prepositional phrases can function as adjectives or adverbs, modifying nouns/pronouns or verbs/adverbs/adjectives respectively. It is important to identify prepositional phrases and their objects correctly.
An adverb is a word that describes a verb, adjective, or other adverb. It can tell how, when, or where an action takes place. Adverbs are compared using "-er" for two things and "-est" for three or more things. Negatives are words like "no" or "not" and should not be used in the same sentence. Punctuation is used in dialogue, including quotation marks and commas. Prepositions show the relationship between nouns or pronouns. Prepositional phrases begin with a preposition and end with a noun or pronoun.
This chapter discusses sentence patterns and analysis. It covers how words are linked together in sentences, methods for analyzing sentences into components, and ways to represent analyses. Tree diagrams and rewrite rules are presented as tools to represent constituent structure. Different types of phrases and their structure are explained using X-bar theory. Complex sentences involving embedding and recursion are also discussed. Finally, thematic roles of verbs are defined as part of analyzing syntax-meaning relationships.
The document provides information on various grammar topics including parts of speech, modifiers, tenses, and clauses. It discusses proper use of nouns as modifiers, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, verb tenses, mood, attributes, and relative clauses to improve clarity and effectiveness in writing. Key points include identifying different parts of speech, placing modifiers close to the words they modify, using consistent verb tense and form, and including relative clauses to provide more details in sentences.
This document provides information on different types of sentences in English including simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. It explains the basic components of sentences as subjects and verbs. It also discusses the different types of clauses that make up complex sentences such as noun clauses, adverb clauses, and adjective clauses. Examples are provided to illustrate each concept.
This document provides information about adverbs and prepositions. It discusses how adverbs describe verbs by indicating how, when or where an action occurs. It also explains how to compare actions using comparative and superlative adverbs. Prepositions relate nouns or pronouns to other words in a sentence and must be followed by an object. Prepositional phrases add description and can be used in different parts of a sentence. Care must be taken to distinguish adverbs from prepositions and use object pronouns correctly in prepositional phrases.
This document provides an overview and definitions of the main parts of speech in the English language: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It explains the different types of each part of speech, provides examples, and guidelines for using each part of speech correctly. The document is intended to help readers review or learn the standard parts of speech so they can properly structure language and identify errors related to part of speech usage.
This document defines and distinguishes between prepositional phrases, adverbial phrases, and noun phrases. It provides examples of each and explains that prepositional phrases indicate a relationship between a noun and another word, and can be either adverbial or noun phrases. Adverbial phrases provide more information about verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs by indicating how, where, when, how long, or why. Not all prepositional phrases are adverbial, and not all adverbial phrases are prepositional. The document uses examples and diagrams to illustrate the differences and relationships between these three types of phrases.
The document discusses word order and constituents in sentences. It defines a constituent as a unit or string of words that can be identified as a single element of a sentence. The document outlines different types of sentences and discusses subordination and coordination as ways to join clauses. It also defines phrases as consisting of one or more words and can be constituents within a sentence. Noun phrases and verb phrases are discussed as the building blocks of sentences along with tree diagrams being used to represent syntactic structure.
The document discusses the key differences between phrases and clauses. It defines a phrase as a small group of words that form a conceptual unit and part of a clause, but does not contain both a subject and a verb. A clause, on the other hand, contains both a subject and a verb and can stand alone as a complete thought. The document provides examples of different types of phrases, such as noun phrases and prepositional phrases. It also distinguishes between main clauses and subordinate clauses.
This document discusses different types of clauses and sentences in English grammar. It defines independent and dependent clauses, and explains that clauses are the building blocks of sentences. Independent clauses can stand alone as a sentence, while dependent clauses cannot. The document also defines and provides examples of adjective clauses, adverb clauses, and noun clauses. Furthermore, it describes four types of sentences: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. The type of sentence depends on the types of clauses used to form it. Finally, the document discusses the four main uses of commas in English: introducers, coordinators, inserters, and tags.
This document provides information on parts of speech, sentence structure, and tips for writing good sentences. It defines different parts of speech like nouns, verbs, adjectives. It also explains simple, compound and complex sentences. Finally, it gives guidelines for constructing clear sentences, such as keeping the subject and verb close together and placing adjectives before the words they modify.
There are four basic types of sentences in English: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. A simple sentence contains one independent clause. A compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses joined with a coordinating conjunction. A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one dependent/subordinate clause. A compound-complex sentence contains at least three clauses, with two independent clauses and one dependent clause. Clauses can be adjective, adverb, or noun clauses depending on their function. Participial phrases can also act as reduced clauses.
This document discusses pronoun agreement and reference. It provides rules for pronoun usage:
1) A pronoun must agree in number with the word it replaces - singular pronouns refer to singular nouns and plural pronouns refer to plural nouns.
2) A pronoun must clearly refer to the word it replaces without ambiguity.
3) Indefinite pronouns like "everyone" and "-body" words are always singular. Collective nouns can be either singular or plural depending on whether the group is functioning as a unit or individually.
This document provides a review of the main parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. For each part of speech, it gives the definition and 1-2 examples to illustrate how it is used in a sentence. The overall purpose is to help someone complete a review packet on parts of speech.
This document provides tools and rules for writing correct sentences, including:
- Learning how to make subjects and verbs agree and how to identify and use regular and irregular verbs.
- Gaining an understanding of verb phrases and tense as well as how to combine sentences using conjunctions.
- Being introduced to dependent and independent clauses and how to use subordinating conjunctions.
The overall goal is to help the reader build clear sentences that effectively express ideas. Key areas of focus include subjects/verbs, verbs/tenses, and joining ideas through conjunctions.
Similar to English Grammar Lecture 10: Phrasal Verbs (20)
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Video version of "The Object Complement Patterns" lecture I delivered in my English 402--Grammar course at the State University of New York College at Cortland.
This document provides an overview of sentence structure and analysis. It defines a sentence as being made up of two main phrases: a noun phrase and a verb phrase. Each phrase can consist of a single word or multiple words. Sentences can also be analyzed as having two main parts: a subject and a predicate. Reed-Kellogg diagrams are introduced as a way to visually represent sentence structure, showing the relationship between subjects and predicates. Examples are given of simple sentences diagrammed in this way, and how modifiers are added to the diagrams.
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Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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2. Phrasal verbs are idioms consisting of a verb and a particle.
• idiom: a phrase that has a meaning different from that of the
combination of the words that comprise it
• particle: usually a preposition but sometimes an adverb
slide 2: definition of phrasal verbs
English 402:
Grammar
3. Phrasal verbs are sometimes called
• prepositional verbs (but not accurate when the particle is not a
preposition, hence these are also known as phrasal/prepositional
verbs)
• two-word verbs
• multi-word verbs (because some consist of more than two words, e.g.,
put up with)
slide 3: alternative terms in use for phrasal verbs
English 402:
Grammar
4. examples of phrasal verbs
speak up
fill out
get out
go down
get up
fire away
put up with
go out for
get away with
slide 4: examples of phrasal verbs
English 402:
Grammar
check out
get out
give in
give up
give away
fall through
5. compare:
The balloon floated up.
adverbial of place
Jack ran up the stairs.
preposition, head of the PP up the stairs
Jill threw up.
particle in the phrasal verb throw up (= vomit)
slide 5: demonstration of the difference between a phrasal verb and a verb plus adverb or PP
English 402:
Grammar
6. In Reed-Kellogg diagrams, the verb and the particle(s) of a
phrasal verb are put together on the main line with no
separating line. For example, here is the diagram of the
sentence The food ran out quickly containing the phrasal
verb run out which means something like ‘become exhausted’
or ‘become depleted’:
slide 6: Reed-Kellogg diagrams of sentences with phrasal verbs
English 402:
Grammar
7. Compare the previous diagram to the following one of the
sentence The balloon floated up quickly which contains the
verb run followed by the adverb up (actually, this same diagram
serves also for the sentence The balloon floated quickly up,
once more illustrating the relative flexibility in the positioning of
adverbials and giving more evidence of the adverbial status of
up in this use):
slide 7: diagrams of sentences with phrasal verbs compared to those with verbs plus adverbials
English 402:
Grammar
8. To determine if a particle following a verb “belongs to” that verb
in a phrasal verb combination or whether the particle is an
adverb or is a preposition heading a following prepositional
phrase, you can use the so-called movability test. To perform
this test, try moving the particle and any word or phrase
following it to the front of the sentence. If the resulting sentence is
grammatical, you know that you have either a verb followed by an
adverbial or a prepositional phrase; if the sentence is ungrammatical,
this indicates that the verb-particle combination is in fact a phrasal
verb.
slide 8: the movability test
English 402:
Grammar
9. exx
The man ran out.
⇒ Out the man ran.
The man ran out the door.
⇒ Out the door the man ran.
slide 9: the movability test in action
English 402:
Grammar
grammatical, therefore run out is not a
phrasal verb here
grammatical, therefore run out is not a
phrasal verb here
10. but
The money ran out.
⇒ *Out the money ran.
The money ran out quickly.
⇒ *Out quickly the money ran.
slide 10: examples of the application of the movability test revealing a phrasal verb
English 402:
Grammar
ungrammatical, therefore run out is a
phrasal verb here (meaning something
like ‘become exhausted’or ‘become
gone’)
ungrammatical, therefore run out is a
phrasal verb here (meaning something
like ‘become exhausted’or ‘become
gone’)