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Descriptive Grammar
of English
Ed McCorduck
English 402--Grammar
SUNY Cortland
http://mccorduck.cortland.edu
• main units of analysis in descriptive grammar
o word
o phrase – made up of words or at least one word
o sentence – made up of phrases
slide 2: main units of analysis
English 402:
Grammar
• two main classes of words in descriptive grammar
o form classes
o structure classes
slide 3: main classes of words
English 402:
Grammar
o form classes
 can change their form by adding an ending (a.k.a. an
inflection)
slide 4: properties of form class words
English 402:
Grammar
examples
 nouns
dog – dogs sissy – sissies
 verbs
take – taking hurry – hurried
 adjectives
hard – harder – hardest
fat – fatter – fattest
slide 5: examples of form class endings
English 402:
Grammar
 generally have a clear reference to something in the “real”
world
 occur in characteristic positions (a.k.a. slots) in sentences
example
I saw the ______ .
noun
slide 6: more features of form classes
English 402:
Grammar
o structure classes
 cannot change their form
 are closed classes (more words can’t be added to them) (the
form classes are open)
slide 7: properties of structure class words
English 402:
Grammar
some structure classes:
 prepositions
exx
in through beside
 determiners
exx
a(n), the, this, those, my, their, many, each
slide 8: examples of structure classes and words
English 402:
Grammar

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English Grammar Lecture 2: Descriptive Grammar of English

  • 1. Descriptive Grammar of English Ed McCorduck English 402--Grammar SUNY Cortland http://mccorduck.cortland.edu
  • 2. • main units of analysis in descriptive grammar o word o phrase – made up of words or at least one word o sentence – made up of phrases slide 2: main units of analysis English 402: Grammar
  • 3. • two main classes of words in descriptive grammar o form classes o structure classes slide 3: main classes of words English 402: Grammar
  • 4. o form classes  can change their form by adding an ending (a.k.a. an inflection) slide 4: properties of form class words English 402: Grammar
  • 5. examples  nouns dog – dogs sissy – sissies  verbs take – taking hurry – hurried  adjectives hard – harder – hardest fat – fatter – fattest slide 5: examples of form class endings English 402: Grammar
  • 6.  generally have a clear reference to something in the “real” world  occur in characteristic positions (a.k.a. slots) in sentences example I saw the ______ . noun slide 6: more features of form classes English 402: Grammar
  • 7. o structure classes  cannot change their form  are closed classes (more words can’t be added to them) (the form classes are open) slide 7: properties of structure class words English 402: Grammar
  • 8. some structure classes:  prepositions exx in through beside  determiners exx a(n), the, this, those, my, their, many, each slide 8: examples of structure classes and words English 402: Grammar