Engineering for Change... A keynote address on Engineers day- 15th Sep 2019
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Engineering for Change... A keynote address on Engineers day- 15th Sep 2019 by Rajesh Prasad, Executive Director RVNL organised by Institute of Engineers in Kolkata
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Engineering for Change... A keynote address on Engineers day- 15th Sep 2019
- 1. Engineering for Change.... 52nd Engineers’ Day Rajesh Prasad, IRSE Executive Director Rail Vikas Nigam Limited15.09.2019
- 2. “Be the change that you wish to see in the world.” Mahatma Gandhi
- 3. “Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.” Leo Tolstoy
- 4. “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” Nelson Mandela
- 5. Strategy for New India @ 75 • The government’s goal is for India to be a USD 5.0 trillion economy. • First, development must become a mass movement, in which every Indian recognizes his/her role and also experiences the tangible benefits accruing to him/her in the form of beFer ease of living. • Second, development strategy should help achieve broad- based economic growth to ensure balanced development across all regions and states and across sectors. • Third, the strategy when implemented, will bridge the gap between public and private sector performance.
- 6. India’s real GDP Growth Ø 2019-20 touching 5% Ø If country has to grow @7-8%, Infrastructure should grow@15%. The real challenge begins….. Ø We need to change….
- 7. By 2022-23, we should achieve the following objecTves: Increase connecTvity by expanding the road network: • Achieve the Bharatmala Phase-I target by compleTng 24,800 km by 2021-22, including 2,000 km of coastal and port connecTvity roads. • Complete Phase I of the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) with quality monitoring at every stage. • Double the length of naTonal highways (NHs) to 2 lakh km by 2022-23 from the exisTng 1.22 lakh km. • Widen single/intermediate lane (SL/IL) NHs and reduce the length of SL/IL NHs to less than 10 per cent of total length by 2022-23 from the present 26.46 per cent. Surface Transport
- 8. • Increase the speed of infrastructure creaTon from the present 7 km/day to 19 km/day by 2022-23. • Achieve “100 per cent” electrificaTon of broad gauge track by 2022-23 from the 40 per cent level. • Increase the average speed of freight and mail/express trains to 50 km/hr (from about 24 km/hr in 2016-17) and 80 km/hr (from about 60 km/hr), respecTvely. • Improve the safety of the railways, achieving zero fataliTes from the 2016-17 level of 238 fataliTes and reducing the number of accidents from the 73 recorded in 2017-18. • Enhance service delivery, achieving 95 per cent on-Tme arrivals by 2022-23. • By 2022-23, the railways should have a freight load of 1.9 billion tonnes and an improved modal share of 40 per cent of freight movement from the current level of 33 per cent. • Increase the share of non-fare revenues in total revenue to 20 per cent. Railways
- 9. • Enhance the affordability of flying to enable an increase in domesTc Tcket sales from 103.75 million in 2016-17 to 300 million by 2022. • Double air cargo handled from about 3.3 million tonnes in 2017-18 to about 6.5 million tonnes. • Expand the maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) industry from USD 1.8 billion in 2017 to USD 2.3 billion. • Expand airport capacity more than five Tmes to handle one billion trips a year. • Enhance availability and affordability of regional air connecTvity and revive/upgrade 56 unserved airports and 31 unserved helipads through the Regional ConnecTvity Scheme – Ude Desh Ka Aam Naagrik (RCS-UDAN). • Ensure that airport tariffs, taxes on fuel, landing charges, passenger services, cargo and other charges are determined in an efficient, fair and transparent manner. Civil Aviation
- 11. • Double the share of freight transported by coastal shipping and inland waterways from 6 per cent in 2016-17 to 12 per cent by 2025. • Increase the port handling capacity to 2,500 million metric tonnes (MMT) by 2022-23. • Reduce the turnaround Tme at major ports from about 3.44 days (2016-17) to 1-2 days (global average) by 2022-23. • Increase the throughput of inland waterways from 55.20 MMT in 2016-17 to 60-70 MMT by 2022-23. • Augment the capacity of inland water transport by increasing the least available depth. Ports, Shipping and Inland Waterways
- 12. Operating cost comparison in transporting cargo through various modes
- 13. • Achieve mulT-modal movement of cargo on par with global logisTcs standards. • Reduce the logisTcs cost to less than 10 per cent of GDP from the current level of 14 per cent. • Expand the logisTcs market to USD215 billion by 2020 from the current level of USD160 billion. • Improve logisTcs skilling and increase jobs in the sector to 40 million by 2022-23 from about 22 million in 2016. • As per the approved NaTonal Trade FacilitaTon AcTon Plan, reduce border compliance Tme to 24 hours for exports and to 48 hours for imports by 2020. Logistics
- 14. • Physical digital connecTvity across all states, districts and gram panchayats (GPs). • Delivery of government services digitally by 2022-23. • 100% basic digital literacy across the country to be able to leverage the benefits of digiTzaTon. Digital Connectivity
- 15. • Provide adequate (rural: 40 litres per capita per day (lpcd); urban 135 lpcd) and safe drinking water (piped) and water for sanitaTon for ciTzens and livestock. • Provide irrigaTon to all farms (Har Khet Ko Pani) with improved on-farm water-use efficiency (more crop per drop). • Provide water to industries, encourage industries to uTlize recycled/treated water and ensure zero discharge of untreated effluents from industrial units. • Ensure Aviral and Nirmal Dhara in the Ganga and other rivers along with their tributaries. • Create addiTonal water storage capacity to ensure full uTlizaTon of the uTlizable surface water resources potenTal of 690 billion cubic metres (bcm). • Ensure long-term sustainability of finite ground water resources. • Ensure proper operaTon and maintenance of water infrastructure with acTve parTcipaTon of farmers/consumers. • Promote R&D to facilitate adopTon of the latest technologies in the water sector. Water Resources
- 16. The 2022-23 goals include the following :- Air pollu)on: • Bringing down PM2.5 levels in Indian ciTes to less than 50. • CreaTng 175 GW of renewable energy generaTon capacity. • EliminaTng crop residue burning. • Ensuring the coverage of all households with LPG for cooking. Solid waste management • ImplemenTng effecTvely the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016. Water pollu)on • Encouraging industries to uTlize recycled/treated water to the extent possible and ensuring zero discharge of untreated effluents from industrial units. • Ensuring Aviral and Nirmal Dhara in the Ganga, Yamuna, and other rivers. Forestry • Increasing the forest cover to 33.3 per cent of the geographical area, as envisaged in the NaTonal Forest Policy, 1988. • Improving the quality of exisTng forests. • Encouraging Farm Forestry. Sustainable Environment
- 18. Engineer’s role in Project Management
- 20. • Temporary - have a definite beginning and an end. • Unique – no two projects are idenTcal. • Predefined goals & objecTves – financial/ social/ economic. • Budgets & schedules – prefixed budget and Tme frame. • Uses Resources & Manpower – both are limited. • Quality/ performance - determined at beginning. • Face Risks – known and unknown risks • Have a project life cycle – many phases from start to end. q What is project ?:- It simply means converTng vision into reality. A set of acTviTes are undertaken to meet the specified objecTves for the changes. The various features of typical projects are as under:
- 21. Fast Track Project Implementation (FTPI) Budget (2014-15) : • “Para – 18: There has been focus on sanctioning projects rather than completing them. In the last 30 years, as many as 676 projects were sanctioned worth Rs 1,57,883 crore. Of these, only 317 projects could be completed and 359 projects remain to be completed which will now require as much as Rs 1,82,000 crore.” • “Para – 19: In the last 10 years, 99 new line projects worth Rs 60,000 crore were sanctioned out of which only one project is complete till date. In fact, there are 4 projects that are as old as 30 years, but are still not complete for one reason or another.
- 22. STATISTICS OF PROJECTS FOCUS: Sanc)oning à Comple)on à Commissioning 2014 : Railway Budget i) 676 Projects sancToned – Rs. 1.58 lakh crores 319 completed, 357 nos. need Rs. 1.82 lakh crores ii) In last 10 years, 99 projects of new line - Rs. 60,000 crores and only one project completed, 4 projects are as old as 30 years. M S P I (Ministry of Sta)s)cs and Programme Implementa)on) Out of 358 projects (cosTng > Rs. 150 crores) 216 projects of MOR is having huge cost overrun and Tme overrun 216 Projects Rs. 1,65,000 crores à Rs. 4,12,000 crores i.e. Cost escalaTon of 150% Next defaulter is Power sector.
- 23. Investment Plan in Railways in 5 years Item 5 years (Rs cr) Network Decongestion (including Metro, Dedicated Freight Corridor + electrification, Doubling + electrification & traffic facilities) 2,15,930 Network Expansion (including electrification) 2,09,105 National Projects (North Eastern & Kashmir connectivity projects) 42,250 Safety (Track renewal, bridge works, Road Over Bridge, Road Under Bridge and Signal &Telecom) 1,37,605 Information Technology / Research 5,395
- 24. Investment Plan Item 5 years (Rs cr) Rolling Stock (Locomotives, coaches, wagons – production & maintenance) 1,10.500 Passenger Amenities 13,520 High Speed Rail & Elevated corridor 70,395 Station redevelopment + logistic parks 1,08,355 Others 14,300 TOTAL 9,27,355 More than 9 Lakh Crores in 5 years.
- 25. Key Advantages for using PPP • Where project is suitable, PPP can driver beFer value for money than the alternaTves. It makes project affordable. PPP can be a tool for bridging the gap between the requirement of fund and availability of financial resources. • It maximizes the use of Private sector skills. • Under PPP, the private sector takes life cycle cost risk. • Risks are allocated to the party best able to manage or absorb a parTcular risk. • It delivers budgetary certainty. At the financial closure, the future cost of the project is known. • The quality of service has to be maintained for the life of PPP. • Development of specialist skills. • It encourages injecTon of private capital. • Private Sectors Efficiency and Public Sectors Authority makes a lethal combinaTon.
- 26. Key Disadvantages of PPP • PPP process can be lengthy and if not structured properly it can be costly. • Private sector has a higher cost of finance. • PPPs are long term relaTvely inflexible structure.
- 28. • Bharatmala Pariyojana( Project) is a centrally-sponsored and funded Road and Highways project of the Government of India. The total investment for 83,677 km (51,994 mi) commiFed new highways is esTmated at 5.35 lakh crore (US$77 billion), making it the single largest outlay for a government road construcTon scheme (as of December 2017). The project will build highways from Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana and then cover the enTre string of Himalayan states - Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, UFarakhand - and then porTons of borders of UFar Pradesh and Bihar alongside Terai, and move to West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and right up to the Indo-Myanmar border in Manipur and Mizoram. Special emphasis will be given on providing connecTvity to far-flung border and rural areas including the tribal and backward areas. Bharatmala Project will interconnect 550 District Headquarters (from current 300) through a minimum 4-lane highway by raising the number of corridors to 50 (from current 6) and move 80% freight traffic (40% currently) to NaTonal Highways by interconnecTng 24 logisTcs parks, 66 inter-corridors (IC) of total 8,000 km (5,000 mi), 116 feeder routes (FR) of total 7,500 km (4,700 mi) and 7 north east MulT-Modal waterway ports. v 83000 Kms at a cost of 5.35 lakh crore.
- 29. MoFo Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik (Let the common ciTzen of the country fly.) Type of project Government's regional airports and routes development scheme with capped-airfares that will be subsidised where uncompeTTve Country India Prime Minister(s) Narendra Modi Ministry Ministry of Civil AviaTon (India) Key people Hardeep Singh Puri Launched 27 April 2017; 2 years ago Delhi Budget 45,000 million (equivalent to 47 billion, US$680 million or €610 million in 2018) iniTal funding for the development of 50 regional airports INR5000 per flight (INR30 per seat) levy on trunk routes for the UDAN RCS v 100 Airports at a cost of Rs. 4500 crore.
- 30. The Sagarmala Programme is an iniTaTve by the government of India to enhance the performance of the country's logisTcs sector. The programme envisages unlocking the potenTal of waterways and the coastline to minimize infrastructural investments required to meet these targets.It entails invesTng 8.5 trillion (equivalent to 8.9 trillion, US$130 billion or €120 billion in 2018) to set up new mega ports, modernizing India's exisTng ports, developing of 14 Coastal Economic Zones (CEZs) and Coastal Employment Units, enhancing port connecTvity via road, rail, mulT- modal logisTcs parks, pipelines & waterways and promoTng coastal community development, with the aim of boosTng merchandise exports by US$110 billion and generaTng around 10,000,000 direct and indirect jobs. The Sagarmala Programme is the flagship programme of the Ministry of Shipping to promote port-led development in the country by exploiTng India’s 7,500 km long coastline, 14,500 km of potenTally navigable waterways and its strategic locaTon on key internaTonal mariTme trade routes. Sagarmala aims to modernize India's Ports so that port-led development can be augmented and coastlines can be developed to contribute to India's growth. It also aims at "transforming the exisTng Ports into modern world-class Ports and integrate the development of the Ports, the Industrial clusters and hinterland and efficient evacuaTon systems through road, rail, inland and coastal waterways resulTng in Ports becoming the drivers of economic acTvity in coastal areas. v 577 projects at a cost of Rs. 8.57 Lakh crore.
- 32. Diamond Quadrilateral Diagonals Legend Diamond Quadrilateral of High Speed Rail Network Future High Speed Scenario in India Ø Delhi-Mumbai (1357 Km) Ø Mumbai-Chennai (1260 Km) Ø Chennai-Kolkata (1649 Km) Ø Kolkata-Delhi (1429 Km) Ø Mumbai-Kolkata (1968 Km) Ø Delhi-Chennai (2182 Km) In next 10-20 years 10,000 Km HSR in India. Cos)ng Rs. 20 Lakh Crores
- 33. v Does India need a change….. v Comparison of HSR System in the world First Inauguration year Country Year Japan 1964 France 1981 Italy 1988 Germany 1991 Spain 1992 South Korea 2004 Taiwan 2007 China 2008 India -
- 34. ENERGY EFFICIENCY High Speed saves Energy Costs and reduces Greenhouse Gases 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 “Fuel equivalent grams” per passenger-kilometer High Speed Railway Bus Plane 51.1 29.9 18.3 17.6 12.1 Classic Train Private Car
- 37. Arbitra)on and Concilia)on Amendment Act 2019 i) CompleTon of proceedings within 1 years from the date of compleTon of pleading not the date of entering into reference. ii) ACI (ArbitraTon Council of India) to lay norms and grade – insTtuTon. iii) SecTon 42 A – confidenTality of the proceedings. iv) SecTon 42 B- Arbitrators can not be dragged. v) SecTon 87 – Applicability of ordinance Dec. 2015 for old case with the consent of both the parTes. Difference between ArbitraTon and conciliaTon ArbitraTon :- ParTes select independent 3rd party to adjudicate the dispute by hearing both the parTes. ConciliaTon :- It is like amicable seFlement between two parTes to come to an agreement. ArbitraTon ConciliaTon Meaning Dispute seFlement process where a third/independent party study, hear both the parTes to arrive a decision which is binding on both parTes unless they move to higher court for set a side. An independent person helps the parTes to arrive at negoTated seFlement Enforcement Arbitrator has the power to enforce his decision. A conciliator do not have the power to enforce decisions. Prior Agreement Required Not required Applicability ExisTng + Future Disputes ExisTng Disputes Legal proceedings Yes No. Engineers to remain updated:-
- 48. Execu)on of 686 m long tunnel ensuring safety of the adjoining rail tunnel with controlled blas)ng and monitoring in maoist affected zone of HDN route of S.E. Railway
- 49. NEW LINE FROM NABADWIP GHAT TO NABADWIP DHAM (12.169 KM) Special kind of Cantilever Launching Scheme was followed.
- 53. “Significant developments are taking place in Railways very fast. We should change our processes and methods of working according to the changing environment and deliver the goods”. - CRB/Railway Board 16.09.2017
- 55. § Group-A/ Rajdhani Route § 8 Nos of Planorms § Busy Yard with 10 BG tracks § Completely Electrified Sec)on § Restricted height in approach. § Connected to GT Road on One SIDE WITH TWO APPROACH ARMS § Connected to KATWA-KALNA Road on the Other Side with Two Approach Arms. § Busy approach in City. CHALLENGES BEING ENCOUNTERED
- 58. Durability of concrete Defini)on – • A durable concrete is one that performs saTsfactorily in the working environment during its anTcipated exposure condiTons during service (IS 456-2000) • Durability of concrete is its ability to resist weathering acTon, chemical aFack, abrasion or any other process of deterioraTon (American Concrete InsTtute). • When exposed to environment durable concrete is likely to retain its original form, quality and serviceability during its lifeTme. • Durable Concrete envisage limits for maximum water cement raTo, minimum cement content, cover thickness, type of cement used and presence of amount of chloride and sulphates in concrete. ( IS-SP-28) • As Low permeability as possible under situaTon. (IS-SP-23)
- 59. Consequences of Improper Quality and Inadequate Durability • Loss of strength of concrete • Concrete liable to be easily affected by deterrents • Corrosion of rebars • Loss of serviceability • Unpleasant appearance • Danger to persons and property • Expensive repair costs • Poor percepTon of concrete as a material • Poor percepTon of agencies involved • ReducTon of service life • External agencies like weathering, aFack by natural or Industrial liquids, Gases, bacterial Growth etc. • Alkali- aggregate reacTon. • Ingression of moisture/air facilitaTng corrosion of steel and cracking concrete cover. 59
- 63. Factors Influencing Durability of Concrete (IS: 456-2000) • The Environment • Type and quality of consTtuent materials • Cement content and W/C raTo of concrete • Workmanship especially in compacTon curing – it is very important • Cover to embedded steel • Shape and size of the member
- 64. Factors AffecTng Durability Durability depends on two main factors a) The concrete system & b) The service environment a) Concrete system is based on • Quality and quanTty of materials used and • Processes involved in manufacture of concrete. b) Service environment affects concrete by way of • Physical acTons and • Chemical acTons on concrete.
- 65. Ever since construction of Baghajatin bridge, quality of work has been an issue. In August 2007 concrete chunks fell down making holes in the bridge.
- 66. Factors AffecTng Durability DURABILITY The Concrete System Aggressiveness of the Environment Materials Process Physical Chemical • Binder type • Binder content • Aggregates • Admixture • Mix design • Mixing • TransporTng • CompacTon • Curing • Temperature • workmanship • Abrasion • Erosion • CavitaTon • Freeze-thaw • DissoluTon • Leaching • Expansion • AlteraTon
- 67. Why is Quality necessary? • Intense Compe))ve Environment • Entry of Foreign Goods and Services • Increased Customer Consciousness • Earning Profit instead of making profit • Organiza)on’s survival / progress depends on it
- 68. 5 Gaps in Service Quality • Gap 1: Consumer Expectation- Management Perception • Gap 2: Management Perception-SQ Specification • Gap 3: SQ Specification- Service Delivery • Gap 4: Service Delivery- Perceived Service • Gap 5: Perceived Service- Consumer Expectation
- 71. Quality of Food is important for him. Quality of Construction is important for us.
- 72. Ø Timely Ø Orderly Ø Dispute Free Ø Customer Satisfaction Change in mindset of Engineer required for execu)on of work which is
- 74. First Principle in Safety…….. • Do not PLAY with Safety…. - A matter of concern….
- 76. Construction Safety ProtocolAdequate care till baby is born
- 78. Construction Safety Protocol: Near miss is equally important
- 79. Herbert Heinrich showed that for every accident resulTng in a fatality or major disabling injury, there are approximately 300 unsafe incidents. The take-home message is that by reducing the number of near-misses you also reduce the chance of the fatality occurring, because you have lowered frequency of at-risk behaviours. 1 Major accident 29 Minor injury errors 300 Non –injury errors UNSAFE CONDITIONS and practices
- 81. Construction Safety Protocol should be part of team culture… TEAMWORK divides the tasks and multiplies the SUCCESS
- 82. Safety Protocol: Ensuring safety improves body language and work culture..
- 85. Do not use shortcut… Basic principles of Safety Protocol:
- 86. A FEW FACTS: v The first few weeks on each new site is the most dangerous. v Accidents are more frequent at the end of the day. v Construction over busy roads. v Safety helmets, Hi-viz jackets, safety boots do prevent injury and death. v Light weight shoes-such as trainers or runners are not suitable at site. v Idling/Stoppage of worksite make the worksite vulnerable…
- 87. Construction Accidents • 56% falls from height • 21% trapped by something collapsing or overturning • 10% struck by a moving vehicle • 5% contact with electricity or electrical discharge • 4% struck by a flying/falling object during machine lifting of materials • 3% contact with moving machinery or material being machined • 1% exposure to a hot or harmful substance Breakdown of fatalities according to type of accident in construction industry
- 88. Safe Access on Site v Everyone can get to their place of work safely v Edges from which people could fall are provided with double guard rails or other suitable edge protection v Holes are protected with clearly marked and fixed covers to prevent falls v Site is tidy v Good Lighting v Fenced off from public
- 89. Working at Height Height HAZARDS on Construction Sites Holes in Floors, Gaps on Working Platforms, Shafts and Stairwells not Adequately Covered, Barricaded, Fenced Off v Using ladders or scaffolding without proper fixing is crazy v Never use incomplete scaffolding. v Make sure there are hand rails and toe boards at all edges v Things fall on sites, wear your helmet v Before starting work at heights check for clearance from any overhead power lines
- 90. LETHAL LADDERS v Right for the job. Would scaffolding or a cherry picker be better? v In good shape v Secured near the top v On a firm base and footing v Rising at least 1 meter beyond the landing place or that there is a proper hand hold Always have a firm grip on the ladder and keep a good balance Ladders kill a lot of people. Make sure the ladder is:-
- 91. CRANE SAFETY • The weight of the load must be carefully estimated • The crane must be fitted with an automatic safe load indicator (one that works) • The crane must always work on a hard, level base • The load must be properly fixed and secured • The banksman must be trained to give clear signals • Third party inspection and trials • Testing and third party inspection of wire rope. • Checklist Very Simply :-
- 92. Traffic Vehicles & Plant v Vehicles and pedestrians should be kept apart on- site – separate them as much as possible using barriers v Adequate clearance around slewing vehicles v Avoid reversing where possible & use one-way system v Vehicles should have reversing alarms/ sirens
- 93. ELECTRICITY • Treat electricity with respect • Check constantly that cables are not damaged or worn • Keep trailing cables off the ground and away from water • Never overload or use makeshift plugs and fuses Good practice with electricity at site:-
- 94. PPE on-site Most construction sites require at least: • Hard hat • Safety Boots • Hi-viz jacket • Safety Glasses Wear them always for your safety
- 95. Construction Site Safety No job is so important that it cannot be done safely UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES ARE PERSONS WORKING ON SITE TO PUT THEMSELVES IN DANGER BEST - BE Safe Today
- 96. Checks… • Ensuring work permits • Internal/ External safe audits in regular frequencies • Checklists throughout the construction phase • Display safety posters and assurance • Preparation of audit reports for check • Indentifying non conformant, non compliance • Near misses actions which has ability to cause risk • Legal requirements
- 100. SAFETY MEASURES TAKEN AT WORK SITE Height gauge and safety fish net provided for safety of pedestrian and vehicular traffic Height Gauge Safety Fish Net
- 103. I-GIRDER STEEL FRAME LOCKING ARRANGEMENT STEEL FRAME LOCKING ARRANAGEMENT
- 112. WE, CARE FOR THE SAFETY OF YOUNG AND OLD ALL SHOULD FOLLOW THE SAFETY RULES AS DISCUSSED AND TOLD FEW THOUGHTS….
- 113. Safety -- a small investment for a rich future. Safety can disTnguish you. Lack of safety can exTnguish you.
- 117. Why we Engineers need Change…. “We may not achieve everything that we dream But … We will not achieve anything unless we dream”
- 118. THANK YOU