The document summarizes several initiatives to improve infrastructure, sanitation, education, and employment opportunities in urban areas of India. It discusses plans to invest over $1 trillion to develop cities and generate millions of jobs. Specific projects highlighted include the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor to develop new industrial cities, efforts to increase sewage treatment across major cities from 50% to 70% capacity, and policies to achieve universal secondary and higher secondary education by 2020 through public-private partnerships and expanding the school network.

1. FUTURE CITIES
Ensuring world class civic amenities in urban India
Team Name-Teen Titans
College-Indian School Of Mines,Dhanbad
Presentors:-
Sourav Gupta(Co-ordinator)
Prabal Kumar Agrwal
Ankur Verma
Sumer Sadawarti
Gajesh Gaurav

2. FUTURE CITIES
Ensuring world class civic amenities in urban India
Infrastructure problems &
its development in urban
India + generating
Employability of youth
Acute Sanitation
problem & methods +
NGO’s work
Rethinking &
Recycling
Sewage Status
& ways to
improve it
Industrialisation
& Education
Problems +
their upliftment

3. Current Scenario
37.7 crores or 31.16 % of India lives in urban centres.
30 people leave rural areas for urban areas every minute.
70 percent of new jobs would be generated in cities by 2030.
49.7 crores to be added to the urban population by 2050.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Urban
Population
Rural Population
% Population
% Population

4. Infrastructure Problems & methods to advance
it + generating employability of youth
• The biggest problem for doing business in India is the woeful state of its infrastructure.
• Poor infrastructure is acting as a drag on the Indian economy, and the Indian government is now attracting
private domestic and foreign investment to build the backbone of a modern economy. A recent report
estimated that investment in infrastructure would rise from 5.5% of GDP in 1997, to about 7% in 2000/01.
This includes massive improvements in telecommunications, power, energy, and transport.
• Current Scenario & On going Plans + Projects
• Prime Minister (PM) Manmohan Singh gave green signal to 36 infrastructure projects worth about Rs2 lakh
crore across sectors such as power, ports, roads, cement and petroleum.
• With this, 28 power projects have received a significant push from the apex level. These projects had been
facing a variety of hurdles relating to coal linkages, environment issues and forest clearances.
• Delhi Mumbai corridor project –Infrastructure Devolpment Programme
• major boost with India and Japan signing an agreement to set up a project development fund. The initial size
of the Fund will be 1000 crore (US$159.0 million).
• Corridor includes six mega investment regions of 200 square kilometers each and will run through six
states Delhi, Western Uttar Pradesh, Southern Haryana, Eastern Rajasthan, Eastern Gujarat, and Western
Maharashtra. Length of western DFC:- 1540-km Distribution of DFC in six States Uttar Pradesh 22 km (1.4%)
NCR of Delhi 115 km (7.5%) Haryana 130 km (8.5%) Rajasthan 553 km (36%) Gujarat 565 km (36.8%)
Maharashtra 150 km (9.8%).
• Objective-DMIC as a "Global Manufacturing and Trading Hub".Infrastructure programme aiming to
develop new industrial cities as "Smart Cities" and converging next generation technologies across
infrastructure sectors.

5. • Benefits
• will provide a major impetus to planned urbanization in India with manufacturing as the key driver.
• programme envisages development of infrastructure linkages like pioneer plants, assured water supply, high capacity
transportation and logistics facilities as well as softer interventions like skill development programme for employment
of the local populace.
• The project will see major expansion of Infrastructure and Industry – including industrial clusters and rail, road, port, air
connectivity.
• Impacts
• 1.Employment Generation
• Conceived as a global manufacturing and trading hub, the project is expected to double employment potential, triple
industrial output and quadruple exports from the region in five years. The total employment to be generated from the
project is 3 million, the bulk of which will be in the manufacturing/processing sectors.
• will include a 4000 MW power plant, three seaports and six airports in addition to connectivity with the existing ports.
• 2.Northern Peripheral Road
• Northern Peripheral Road is being developed under the public private partnership (PPP) model. This stretch will
connect Dwarka with National Highway 8 at Kherki Daula and will pass PataudiRoad. The NPR stretch has been planned
as an alternate link road between Delhi and Gurgaon, and is expected to ease the traffic situation on the Delhi-Gurgaon
Expressway. The road will also provide connectivity to the much-touted Reliance-HSIIDC SEZ besides the Garhi
Harsaru dry depot.
• 3.Dry Port
• service trade in and around the states.
• The Government of India planning to spend around 2.7 trillion ($60 billion) in the current decade, mainly on
development and expansion of ports. Initially, by March 2017, India has planned public and private investment of 342
billion ($7.6 billion) to create seven new ports as part of the country's drive to triple its merchandise exports

6. India's urban awakening: Building inclusive cities,
sustaining economic growth
New MGI research estimates that cities could generate 70 percent of net new
jobs created to 2030, produce around 70 percent of Indian GDP, and drive a
near fourfold increase in per capita incomes across the nation.
MGI offers a range of recommendations, the vast majority of which India could
implement within five to ten years. If India were to follow the recommendations, it could
add 1 to 1.5 percent to annual GDP growth, bringing the economy near to the double-
digit growth to which the government aspires.
MGI estimates that India needs to invest $1.2 trillion just in capital
expenditure in its cities over the next 20 years, equivalent to $134 per capita
per year, almost eight times the level of spending today. If India taps into five
sources of funding used in cities around the world—monetized land assets,
higher property taxes, user charges that reflect costs, debt and public-private
partnerships, and formula-based government funding—its largest cities could
generate as much as 80 percent of the funding they require from internal
sources.

7. Sewage Status in India
70% of municipal sewage and effluents from over 900 cities and towns is being discharged untreated into
rivers that are a major source of drinking water, according to a recent study by the Central Pollution Control
Board
Indian cities and towns together are generating an estimated sewage load of 38,254 million litres per day
(MLD) and are treating only 11,787(MLD).
Delhi tops the list -- the national capital generates over 3,800 MLD of sewage per capita. Mumbai is the
second big polluter with 2,671 MLD, and Kolkata third with 705 MLD.
The fourth report in a series based on data available in 2008, of 498 Class I cities (with over 1 lakh
population) and 410 Class II towns, shows that the biggest cities in India are only treating 50% of the sewage
they generate.
Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai account for 60% of sewage spewed into the sea. Cities like Kolkata, Patna,
Kanpur, Dehra Dun and Allahabad dispose of huge amounts of waste directly into the river Ganga.
“Out of an 11,553.69 MLD sewage treatment capacity, 69% (8,040 MLD) is treated in 35 metropolitan
cities, thus indicating that other than metropolitan cities, the capacity of 462 Class I cities is only 31%,”
the report says.
Despite funds from the Ministry of Environment and Forests, and under the Jawaharlal Nehru National
Urban Renewal Mission, sewage treatment plants do not function to their full capacity. The study
suggests that if an economic value were to be assigned to the fertilising potential of this wastewater, Rs
1,091 million was being lost annually.

8. Projects to be heeded by Government
for ensuring proper sanitation & sewage disposal
Maharashtra based NGO ,Dasra:-
-Building 1,400 individual toilets across 14 slums of Pune
-Training 12,000 kids and women through workshops on health, hygiene and safety
directly impacting 22,000 individuals across 14 slums through implementation of solid
waste management.
LEAF’s four projects:-
-promotion of safe sanitation and drinking water practices
-increasing people’s negotiating skills using the Right to Information Act
-promotion of life-skill oriented education among children
-creating livelihood opportunities for women and young people
-Strategy to build global demand for better sanitation also includes efforts to end open
defecation in rural areas and to implement improved measures for collecting waste,
removing pathogens from waste streams, and recovering valuable resources and
energy.
-Focus our grantmaking in five complementary areas: transformative technologies,
urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, policy and advocacy, and
monitoring and evaluation

9. Education-Current Scenario & its recent
Advancements
Government policies & methods to improve
Education
The Central Advisory Board of Education
(CABE) emphasized universalisation of secondary and
higher secondary education).
• Accordingly, the targets for USE as spelled out by
the CABE Committee included:
• (i) universal participation by 2015
• (ii) universal retention by 2020
• (iii) mastery learning by more than 60% learners by
2020
• (iv) universal higher secondary education (Grades
XIXII)by 2020.
• (v) restructuring of the school system (to a 5+3+2+2
system) and expansion of the secondary school
network/physical access by upgrading the existing.
• schools at the Community Development Block level
to serve as benchmark for excellence in
• secondary schooling promoting Public-Private
Partnership (PPP) to leverage private
• Promoting inclusiveness in secondary education
through demand-side financing strategies.
• introducing ICT in government and aided schools.
The WIPRO-EI Quality Education Study 2011, surveyed more
than 20,000 students in 83 ‘top schools’ in five metro cities
(Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai). And the
results were surprising. “For example, only third of these ‘top
school’ students in Class 4 knew who was the alive person in
a list of four: Mahatma Gandhi, Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi
and Sonia Gandhi ( a small number thought, interestingly
enough, that it was Mahatma Gandhi who was still alive).
When compared to other countries, India comes in right at
the bottom. In the PISA Plus survey conducted in 2009, the
Indian performance in a list of 74 countries or economies
that were a part of the survey was very pathetic. “And this is
the case even though the two Indian states that participated
in PISA Plus happened to be two of the better-schooled
states, Tamil Nadu and Himachal Pradesh. In a comparison of
overall reading ability of 15-year-old students in these 74
countries or economies, both Indian states figure among the
bottom three .

10. Rethinking Waste & Recycling
Sustainability
Waste Dating
Agency
Waste
Lottery
Introducing
Swiss Zuri-
sacks
Government should pay heed to
such measures
In Swiss cities, such as Zurich,
recycling is promoted through
economic means. The council only
collects specially branded “Züri-sacks”
of household waste, which you have
to buy. A 35L sack sells for CHF2 each
(about £1.42, or $2.16), while larger
ones cost more.
An alternative approach is
encouraging adherence to recycling
by providing incentives, such as a
randomly chosen “lottery” prize for
households who correctly recycle.
Ljubljana introduced such a scheme
as early as 2008 while other provinces
in UK are planning to roll it.
Another alternative track: London’s
Waste and Recycling Board has
created a “dating agency” to attract
companies interested in using
different kinds of waste for fuel.

11. Effects of Industrialisation on Environment
• C02 emission in megatonnes year wise
analysis.
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
1117 1165 1256 1362 1439 1564
In
India after five decades of planned development faces both
an environmental crisis and a developmental crisis that
interact to reinforce each other.
There seems to be no end to the problems of inequality,
poverty and unemployment on the one hand, environmental
destruction threatens the very basis of existence of
multitude of India’s teeming millions, on the other.
Forest felling reduces the earth’s ability to retain water.
Deforestation is the root cause of the increased incidence
and intensity of floods and draughts every year as well as the
underperformance of many irrigation projects which make a
shamble of the economic projections of the country.
Unplanned mining has led to deforestation , disturbance of
the drainage pattern, disturbance to the local inhabitants and
their habitats , noise dust and air-pollution as well as the
pollution of the water sources , lowering the water table.
Industries contribute more than a third of poisons that pour
into India’s water systems, stretches of innumerable rivers
around industries today are devoid of life.
Government policies & its impact
Developing country to have instituted a
full-fledged industrial policy. The purpose of
the policy was to co-ordinate investment
decisions both in the public and the private
sectors and to seize the 'commanding
heights' of the economy by bringing certain
strategic industries and firms under public
ownership.
Impact
- Raising Income.
-Changing the Structure of the Economy.
- Meeting High-Income Demands.
-Overcoming Deterioration in the Terms of
Trade.
-Absorbing Surplus Labour (Employment
Generation).
-Bringing Technological Progress.
-Strengthening the Economy.

12. References
• Wikipedia.org
• WHO.org
• Census of India.(2011). Rural Urban Distribution of Population. Retrieved from
http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/india/Rural_Urban_2011.pdf
• IBM.(2011). IBM Helps India’s Wave Inc Build Smarter Township.Retrieved from https://www-
03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/36054.wss
• McKinsey Global Institute. (2010). India’s Urban Awakening: Building Inclusive Cities, Sustaining Economic
Growth. Retrieved from http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/urbanization/urban_awakening_in_india
• Dhar, A. (2012, April 6). India will see highest urban population rise in next 40 years. The Hindu. Retrieved
from
• http://www.thehindu.com/news/india-will-see-highest-urban-population-rise-in-next-40-
years/article3286896
• Indian Institute for Human Settlements.(2011). Urban Dynamics. Retrieved fromhttp://www.iihs.co.in/wp-
content/themes/education/resources/Urban-Dynamics.pdf
• McKinsey Global Institute. (2010). India’s Urban Awakening: Building Inclusive Cities, Sustaining Economic
Growth. Retrieved from http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/urbanization/urban_awakening_in_india
• Ghosh, J. (2011). Urban Challenge.Frontline.28(17). Retrieved from
http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2817/stories/20110826281710400.htm .