The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate body functions. The major glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. Hormones regulate metabolic rate, water and mineral balance, immune system reactions, and sexual functioning in order to maintain homeostasis.
The endocrine system is composed of organs positioned throughout the body in widely separated locations. Endocrinology is the study of the structure and functioning of the endocrine system.
The endocrine system is composed of organs positioned throughout the body in widely separated locations. Endocrinology is the study of the structure and functioning of the endocrine system.
A closed system of the heart and blood vessels
The heart pumps blood
Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body
The function of the cardiovascular system is to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products
A closed system of the heart and blood vessels
The heart pumps blood
Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body
The function of the cardiovascular system is to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products
Endocrine Glands. Explaination of different glands.Function of different glands and the disorders caused by the alterations in the level of hormone secreted by the different glands.
special sense organs (anatomy and physiology) - a brief discussion Pallab Nath
brief discussion on special senses, Basic level class for technicians. topics discussed include eyes and vision, nose and sense of smell, tongue and sense of taste and ears and hearing
Glands, Types, classification and functions(Anatomy Topic)Swatilekha Das
Anatomy Topic for B.Sc & GNM nursing students- easy explanation.
what is gland? what are the types of glands? classification of glands according to structure,and according to function. functions of exocrine and endocrine glands.
A closed system of the heart and blood vessels
The heart pumps blood
Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body
The function of the cardiovascular system is to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products
A closed system of the heart and blood vessels
The heart pumps blood
Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body
The function of the cardiovascular system is to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products
Endocrine Glands. Explaination of different glands.Function of different glands and the disorders caused by the alterations in the level of hormone secreted by the different glands.
special sense organs (anatomy and physiology) - a brief discussion Pallab Nath
brief discussion on special senses, Basic level class for technicians. topics discussed include eyes and vision, nose and sense of smell, tongue and sense of taste and ears and hearing
Glands, Types, classification and functions(Anatomy Topic)Swatilekha Das
Anatomy Topic for B.Sc & GNM nursing students- easy explanation.
what is gland? what are the types of glands? classification of glands according to structure,and according to function. functions of exocrine and endocrine glands.
A very helpful and insightful slideshow providing unconventional tips, help and information specifically for writing essays and transactional pieces in English Home Language or English First Additional Language for the Matric NSC Paper 3 examination. It can be helpful for any grade, any curriculum, any country and any language. Includes information on long-term and short-term preparation for essays and transactional writing, general writing tips, ways to get 'inspired', and various examples. This presentation was collated by someone who achieved very high marks in creative writing, and would like to share her secrets, tips and ideas with anyone who needs help. This slideshow WILL change the way you approach your creative writing exams - I hope it helps you!
Un hecho curioso y bastante llamativo es que la mayoría de los pelirrojos no experimenta el dolor del mismo modo que el resto de la población. Los datos clínicos recogidos hasta la fecha corroboran que los pelirrojos son más difíciles de anestesiar: necesitan de media un 19% más de gas en una anestesia general, son más resistentes a la anestesia local, y parece que también son más sensibles al dolor térmico.
Julio Licinio is initially from Brazil but he lived for more than 2 decades in US, where he got his clinical and research training and education in psychiatry and endocrinology at University of Chicago, Cornell and Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
In a paper just published in Science, scientists from Rockefeller University in New York City show that humans can discriminate more than 1 trillion olfactory stimuli. It was previously thought that we could detect 10,000 odors.
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Known for its clear presentation style, single-author voice, and focus on content most relevant to clinical and pre-clinical students, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition, employs a distinctive format to ensure maximum learning and retention of complex concepts.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
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1. Endocrine System
Florida State College of Jacksonville – FSCJ
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Health Professionals
2. The endocrine system consists of glands that perform
very different functions. They are related to each
other because they all secrete hormones into the
blood.
Organs and glands of the endocrine system secrete
hormones to regulate various body functions
(EN-doh-kin-AWL-oh-jee)
3. Endocrine System at a Glance
Endocrineglands secrete hormones
Hormones regulate body activities
Metabolic rate
Water and mineral balance
Immune system reactions
Sexual functioning
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
4. Endocrine System at a Glance
Organs of the Endocrine System
Adrenal glands
Ovaries
Pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
Thyroid & Parathyroid glands
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Testes
Thymus gland
Thyroid gland
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
6. endocrine system
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
7. Endocrine System Combining Forms
acr/o calc/o
extremities calcium
adren/o crin/o
adrenal glands secrete
adrenal/o estr/o
adrenal glands female
andr/o
male
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
8. Endocrine System Combining Forms
glyc/o kal/i
sugar potassium
glycos/o natr/o
sugar sodium
gonad/o ophthalm/o
sex glands eye
home/o
sameness
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
9. Endocrine System Combining Forms
pancreat/o thym/o
pancreas thymus
parathyroid/o thyr/o
parathyroid gland thyroid gland
pineal/o thyroid/o
pineal gland thyroid gland
pituitar/o toxic/o
pituitary gland poison
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
10. Endocrine System Suffixes
–crine
to secrete
–dipsia
thirst
–prandial
relating to a meal
–tropin
stimulate
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
11. Anatomy and Physiology
Collectionof glands
Secrete hormones directly into bloodstream
Chemicals that act on target organs
Increase or decrease target’s activity level
Instrumental in maintaining homeostasis
Maintain stable internal environment
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
13. Types of Glands
Two types of glands in body
Exocrine glands and Endocrine glands
Exocrine glands
Release secretions into duct that carries them to
outside of body
Example: sweat glands
Endocrine glands
Release hormones directly into bloodstream
Have no ducts, referred to as ductless glands
Example: thyroid gland
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
14. Glands of the Endocrine System
Adrenal glands – two
Parathyroid glands – four
Pancreas
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Ovaries – two in females
Testes – two in males
Thymus gland
Thyroid gland
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
15. Endocrine System
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
16. Adrenal Glands
Two glands, one located above each kidney
Each gland is composed of two sections:
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
17. The adrenal glands
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
19. Adrenal Cortex
Mineralocorticoid
Example: aldosterone
Regulates sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) levels
Glucocorticoid
Example: cortisol
Regulates carbohydrates
Steroid sex hormones
Androgens, estrogen, and progesterone
Regulate secondary sexual characteristics
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
20. Adrenal Medulla
Inner portion
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
Epinephrine is also called adrenaline
Critical during emergency situations
Increases blood pressure
Increases heart rate
Increases respiration rate
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
21. Ovaries
Two ovaries located in pelvic cavity of
females
Secrete female sex hormones, estrogen and
progesterone
Estrogen is responsible for:
Female sexual characteristics
Regulation of menstrual cycle
Progesterone
Maintains suitable uterine environment for
pregnancy
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
22. The ovaries
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
23. Testes
Two oval glands located
in scrotum
Secrete male sex
hormone, testosterone
Testosterone
Produces male secondary
sexual characteristics
Regulates sperm
production
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
24. The testes.
The testes.
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
25. Pancreas
Locatedalong lower
curvature of stomach
Onlyorgan that has
both endocrine and
exocrine functions
s
c rea
Pan
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
26. Pancreas
Exocrine portion
Releases digestive enzymes
through duct into duodenum
Endocrine sections of the
pancreas
Islets of Langerhans
Produce insulin and glucagon
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
27. Pancreas
Insulin
Produced by beta cells
Stimulates cells of body to take in glucose from
bloodstream
Lowers blood sugar level
Occurs after eating a meal and absorbing
carbohydrates
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
28. Pancreas
Glucagon
Produced by alpha cells
Stimulates liver to release stored glucose into
bloodstream
Raises blood sugar levels
Occurs when body needs more glucose
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
29. The pancreas
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
30. Diabetes Video
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
31. Thyroid Gland
Located on either
side of trachea
Resembles a
butterfly in shape
Divided into right
and left lobes
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
32. Thyroid Gland
Thyroidhormones
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Needs iodine to make hormones
These hormones:
Regulate energy production
Adjust metabolic rate
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
33. Thyroid Gland
Also secretes calcitonin
Regulates level of calcium in bloodstream
If calcium levels in blood rise too high:
Calcitonin levels in blood increase
Increases deposition of calcium into bone
Lowers levels of calcium in bloodstream
Its action is opposite of parathyroid hormone
homeostasis
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
34. The thyroid gland is divided into a left and right lobe
The thyroid gland is divided into a left and right lobe
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
35. Parathyroid Glands
Four tiny glands
Located on dorsal surface
of thyroid gland
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
36. Parathyroid Glands
Secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Regulates level of calcium in bloodstream
Ifcalcium levels in blood fall too low:
Parathyroid hormone levels in the blood
increase
Stimulate bone breakdown
Releasing more calcium into bloodstream
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
37. The parathyroid glands.
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
38. Endocrine Glands of the Brain
nd d
gla lan
al y g
ine itar
P u
Pit
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
39. Pineal Gland
Small pine cone-shaped gland
Part of thalamus region of brain
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
40. Pineal Gland
Secretes melatonin
Not well understood, but
plays a role in regulating
body’s circadian rhythm
24-hour clock that governs
periods of wakefulness and
sleepiness
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
41. The pineal gland is a part of the thalamus region of the brain.
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
42. Pituitary Gland
Small marble-shaped gland
Located underneath brain
Divided into anterior and posterior lobes
Regulated by hypothalamus
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
43. Pituitary gland
The anterior pituitary gland
produces and secretes
seven different hormones.
The posterior pituitary
gland stores and secretes
two hormones that are
actually produced by the
hypothalamus.
Endocrine System | Medical Terminology for Health Professionals
44. Pituitary gland
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
45. The pituitary gland lies just underneath the brain.
The pituitary gland lies just underneath the brain.
It is subdivided into anterior and posterior lobes.
It is subdivided into anterior and posterior lobes.
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
46. Anterior Pituitary
Referred to as “master gland”
Secretes hormones that regulate other
endocrine glands
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Regulates function of thyroid gland
Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
Regulates function of adrenal cortex
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
47. Anterior Pituitary
Gonadotropins
Follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
FSH
Responsible for development of ova and sperm
Also stimulates ovary to secrete estrogen
LH
Stimulates secretion of sex hormones
Plays a role in releasing ova in females
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
48. Anterior Pituitary
Growth hormone (GH)
Also called somatotropin
Stimulates cells to grow and divide
Prolactin (PRL)
Stimulates milk production in breast
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
Stimulates melanocytes to produce more melanin
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
49. The different hormones and target tissues for the anterior pituitary.
The different hormones and target tissues for the anterior pituitary.
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
50. Posterior Pituitary
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Also called vasopressin
Promotes water re-absorption by the kidney tubules
Oxytocin (OXT)
Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and
delivery
After birth stimulates release of milk from breast
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
51. Thymus Gland
Located in mediastinum
Part of immune system
Also endocrine gland
Secretes thymosin
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
52. Thymus Gland
Thymosin
Essential for growth and development of thymic
lymphocytes or T cells
Critical part of body’s immune system
Present at birth and grows to largest size
during puberty
At puberty begins to shrink and eventually is
replaced with connective and adipose tissue
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
53. The thymus gland.
The thymus gland.
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
54. Effects of Hormones
Hormones from the various
endocrine glands affect
body metabolism, blood
glucose, blood calcium,
and blood sodium in
complementary or
opposite ways.
Homeostasis
home/o = same
-stasis = condition of standing still; staying in one place
Endocrine System | Medical Terminology for Health Professionals
55. Endocrine System Exercise
Click here to review the endocrine system glands in a labeling activity.
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
56. Word Building with adren/o & adrenal/o
pertaining to adrenal
–al adrenal
gland
–megaly adrenomegaly enlarged adrenal gland
–pathy adrenopathy adrenal gland disease
–ectomy adrenalectomy removal of adrenal gland
inflammation of adrenal
–itis adrenalitis
gland
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
57. A medical term meaning the surgical
removal of the adrenal gland is:
a) adrenalectomy
b) hypopituitarism
c) adrenomegaly
d) endocrinologist
e) hyperparathyroidism
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
58. A medical term meaning the surgical
removal of the adrenal gland is:
a) adrenalectomy
b) hypopituitarism
c) adrenomegaly
d) endocrinologist
e) hyperparathyroidism
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
59. Word Building with calc/o & crin/o
excessive calcium in
hyper– –emia hypercalcemia
blood
hypo– –emia hypocalcemia low calcium in blood
specialist in endocrine
endo– –ologist endocrinologist
system
endocrine system
endo– –pathy endocrinopathy
disease
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
60. Word Building with glyc/o, kal/i, & natr/o
excessive sugar in
hyper– –emia hyperglycemia
blood
hypo– –emia hypoglycemia low sugar in blood
excessive potassium in
hyper– –emia hyperkalemia
blood
hypo– –emia hyponatremia low sodium in blood
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
61. Word Building with parathyroid/o &
pancreat/o
pertaining to
–al parathyroidal
parathyroid
–ectomy parathyroidectomy removal of parathyroid
hyper– state of excessive
hyperparathyroidism
–ism parathyroid
hypo– state of insufficient
hypoparathyroidism
–ism parathyroid
–ic pancreatic pertaining to pancreas
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
62. Word Building with pituitar/o & thym/o
–ary pituitary pertaining to pituitary
hypo– –ism hypopituitarism state of low pituitary
state of excessive
hyper– –ism hyperpituitarism
pituitary
–ic thymic pertaining to thymus
–ectomy thymectomy removal of thymus
–itis thymitis inflammation of thymus
–oma thymoma thymus tumor
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
63. Word Building with thyr/o & thyroid/o
–megaly thyromegaly enlarged thyroid
–al thyroidal pertaining to thyroid
–ectomy thyroidectomy removal of thyroid
state of excessive
hyper– –ism hyperthyroidism
thyroid
hypo– –ism hypothyroidism state of low thyroid
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
64. Endocrine System Vocabulary
acidosis excessive acidity of body fluids
edema excessive fluid in body tissues
diagnosis and treatment of conditions of
endocrinology
endocrine glands
exophthalmos protruding eyeballs
gynecomastia development of breast tissue in males
hirsutism excessive amount of hair
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
65. exophthalmos
Exophthalmos is a well-
known sign of
hyperthyroidism. Edema
behind the eyeballs
causes them to bulge and
protrude forward, and the
large amount of white
sclerae makes the eyes
appear to be staring.
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67. Endocrine System Vocabulary
excessive hormone production by
hypersecretion
endocrine gland
insufficient hormone production by
hyposecretion
endocrine gland
obesity having abnormal amount of fat
group of symptoms and signs that
syndrome combine to present a clinical picture of
disease or condition
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
68. Adrenal Gland Pathology
Two glands, one located above each kidney
Each gland is composed of two sections:
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
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Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
69. Adrenal Gland Pathology
hyposecretion of adrenal cortex;
Addison’s
symptoms include generalized weakness
disease
and weight loss
hypersecretion of estrogen by adrenal
adrenal cortex in males; develops female
feminization secondary sexual characteristics like
gynecomastia
hypersecretion of testosterone by adrenal
adrenal
cortex in females; develops male
virilism
secondary sexual characteristics
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
70. Adrenal Gland Pathology
hypersecretion of adrenal cortex;
symptoms include weakness,
Cushing’s syndrome
edema, excess hair growth, and
osteoporosis
hypersecretion of epinephrine by
adrenal medulla tumor; usually
pheochromocytoma benign; symptoms include anxiety,
heart palpitations, dyspnea, and
headache
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
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Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
71. Cushing’s syndrome
Cushing’s syndrome
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(Biophoto Associates/ Science Source/Photo Researchers, Inc.)
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
72. Cushing’s syndrome
(a) This patient shows the
characteristic signs of
Cushing’s syndrome.
Deposits of fat in the cheeks
give a moon face
appearance. Breakdown of
protein in the connective
tissues of the skin makes the
skin thin, allowing blood
vessels to show through and
give the cheeks a reddened
appearance.
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Endocrine System | Medical Terminology for Health Professionals
73. Cushing’s syndrome
(b) The abdomen is obese,
while the extremities are
thin and there is muscle
wasting and weakness.
Dark facial hair and
amenorrhea occur only
with Cushing’s disease.
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74. Pancreas Pathology
Chronic disorder of carbohydrate
metabolism
Results in hyperglycemia and
diabetes mellitus glycosuria
(DM) Two very distinct types:
- insulin-dependent
- non-insulin-dependent
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
78. Diabetes Mellitus
Insulin-dependent Non-insulin-
diabetes mellitus dependent diabetes
(IDDM) mellitus (NIDDM)
Also called Type 1 Also called Type 2
Develops early in life Develops later in life
Destruction of islet cells
Person makes enough
Person makes too little insulin, but it has lost ability
insulin to regulate cells
Must take insulin injections Do not take insulin
Treated by diet, exercise, and
oral medications
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
79. Diabetes Video
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
80. Pancreas Pathology
diabetic accumulation of damage to retina;
retinopathy complication of diabetes mellitus
acidosis due to excess of acidic ketone
ketoacidosis bodies; serious complication of diabetes
mellitus
peripheral damage to nerves in lower legs and
neuropathy hands as a result of diabetes mellitus
islet of Langerhans tumor; secretes
insulinoma
excessive amount of insulin
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
81. Parathyroid Gland Pathology
nerve irritability and painful
muscle cramps due to
tetany
hypocalcemia; may be caused by
hypoparathyroidism
hypersecretion of parathyroid
Recklinghausen
hormone; causes degeneration of
disease
bones
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
82. Pituitary Gland Pathology
chronic hypersecretion of growth
acromegaly hormone in adults; causes enlargement
of bones of head and extremities
hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone;
diabetes
symptoms include polyuria and
insipidus (DI)
polydipsia
hyposecretion of growth hormone in
dwarfism
children; causes short stature
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
83. acromegaly
Increased levels of growth
hormone (GH) in
adulthood cause the face
and extremities to widen
rather than grow longer.
The foot on the left is
normal. The foot on the
right shows acromegaly
with enlargement and
widening.
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84. Acromegaly. The hand on the right is from a normal person, the
Acromegaly. The hand on the right is from a normal person, the
hand on the left is a person with acromegaly.
hand on the left is a person with acromegaly.
(Bart's Medical Library/Phototake NYC)
(Bart's Medical Library/PhototakeMedical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
NYC)
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Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
85. Pituitary Gland Pathology
hypersecretion of growth hormone
gigantism
in child; results in very tall adult
hyposecretion of all pituitary
hormones; results in problems with
panhypopituitarism
the glands controlled by pituitary
gland
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
86. gigantism
The tallest man who ever lived
suffered from gigantism. His
name was Robert Wadlow. He
was born in 1918 in Illinois and
was of average weight and
length at birth. By the time he
was 18 years old, he was 8’11”
and weighed 491 pounds. He
wore size 37AA shoes that were
over 18” in length. He died in
1940, at the age of 22. The
tallest living man now is Bao
Xishun, a herdsman in Mongolia,
China. He was born in 1951 and
is 7’9”.
CORBIS-NY
Endocrine System | Medical Terminology for Health Professionals
87. panhypopituitarism
panhypopituitarism
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
88. Thyroid Gland Pathology
congenital hyposecretion of thyroid;
cretinism results in poor physical and mental
development
goiter enlarged thyroid gland
hypersecretion of thyroid; symptoms
Graves’ disease
include exophthalmos and goiter
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
89. goiter
A goiter can be a mild,
subtle swelling in the neck,
or it can enlarge enough
to cause difficulty
swallowing and breathing.
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90. Palpation of thyroid gland
The anterior location of
the thyroid gland means
that even mild
enlargement can be
detected. This physician is
palpating the edges of the
patient’s thyroid gland to
determine its size.
Pearson Education/PH
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Endocrine System | Medical Terminology for Health Professionals
92. Thyroid Gland Pathology
Hashimoto’s autoimmune destruction of thyroid;
disease results in hyposecretion disorder
hyposecretion disorder in adult;
myxedema symptoms include anemia, edema,
and mental lethargy
marked hypersecretion; symptoms
thyrotoxicosis include rapid heart rate, tremors,
thyromegaly, and weight loss
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
93. Endocrine Gland Pathology
cancerous tumor in gland that
produces hormones secreted by that
adenocarcinoma
gland; results in hypersecretion
pathologies
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
94. Clinical Laboratory Tests
measures level of substances, such
blood serum test as calcium, glucose, or hormones,
in blood
measures calcium in blood; used to
total calcium diagnose parathyroid or bone
disorders
radioimmunoassay measures levels of hormones in
(RIA) blood
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
95. Clinical Laboratory Tests
fasting blood measures glucose in bloodstream after
sugar (FSB) 12-hour fast
glucose measures blood sugar level over
tolerance test several hours after person drinks large
(GTT) dose of glucose
two-hour
postprandial measures blood glucose level two
glucose hours after a meal
tolerance test
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
96. Clinical Laboratory Tests
protein measures T4 blood level; iodine in the
bound iodine hormone becomes bound to blood
test (PBI) proteins
thyroid measures levels of T3, T4, and TSH in
function test
(TFT) blood
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
97. Diagnostic Imaging
thyroid
ultrasound image of thyroid gland
echogram
nuclear medicine image based on
thyroid scan accumulation of radioactive iodine in
thyroid gland
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
98. Medical Treatments
large dose of radioactive iodine is given
chemical
to kill a portion of the thyroid gland;
thyroidectomy
avoids surgery
hormone
administering replacement hormones;
replacement
treats hyposecretion disorders
therapy
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
99. Surgical Treatments
removal of adrenal gland through
laparoscopic
small abdominal laparoscopic
adrenalectomy
incision
lobectomy removal of a lobe of thyroid gland
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
100. Endocrine System Pharmacology
antithyroid blocks production of
Tapazole
agents thyroid hormones
replaces adrenal cortex
corticosteroids Deltasone
hormones
human growth
replaces growth Genotropin,
hormone
hormone Protropin
therapy
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
101. Endocrine System Pharmacology
treats type 1 diabetes
insulin Humulin L
mellitus
oral
decreases blood sugar Glucophage,
hypoglycemic
in type 2 diabetics Glucotrol
agents
thyroid
replaces thyroid Levo-T,
replacement
hormones Cytomel
hormone
Desmopressin,
vasopressin treats diabetes insipidus
Vaprisol
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
102. Endocrine System Abbreviations
α alpha
ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone
ADH antidiuretic hormone
β beta
BMR basal metabolic rate
DI diabetes insipidus
DM diabetes mellitus
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
103. Endocrine System Abbreviations
FBS fasting blood sugar
FSH follicle-stimulating hormone
GH growth hormone
GTT glucose tolerance test
IDDM insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
K+ potassium
LH luteinizing hormone
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
104. Endocrine System Abbreviations
MSH melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Na+ sodium
NIDDM non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
NPH neutral protamine Hagedorn (insulin)
PBI protein-bound iodine
PRL prolactin
PTH parathyroid hormone
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
105. HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L. Whitchurch, MHS, OT/L
Editor's Notes
Hormones from the various endocrine glands affect body metabolism, blood glucose, blood calcium, and blood sodium in complementary or opposite ways.