The document discusses the history and symbolism associated with the heart. It notes that ancient Greeks, Chinese, and Egyptians all associated the heart with emotions or spirit. While the exact origin is unknown, one idea is that the heart became a symbol of love in ancient Greece due to a plant called Silphium that had heart-shaped seed pods and medicinal properties, possibly including use as a contraceptive.

1. Cardiovascular System
Weighing in at 10 ounces, the blood-filled muscle
called the heart has become the universal symbol of
love. The Greeks believed the heart was the seat of
the spirit, the Chinese associated it with the center for
happiness and the Egyptians thought the emotions
and intellect arose from the heart. No one is sure the
exact origin of the love association, however. One
idea is that the heart got its "love mark" in the ancient
Greek city of Cyrene, now in modern-day Libya. The
colony was known for a plant called Silphium, with
heart-shaped seed pods. Silphium had medicinal
properties, and possibly also was used as an herbal
contraceptive.
hsc 1531 medical terminology | FSCJ | professor: michael l. whtichurch, MHS

2. Heart Facts
 System is over 60,000 miles long
 Adult heart pumps 5 quarts of blood each minute
 2,000 gallons each day
 Beats about 100,000 times each day
 Average 70 year life span = 2.5 billion beats
 Adult woman heart = 8 oz.
 Adult man = 10 oz
 Blood is 78 % water
 20 seconds to completely circulate the vascular
system
http://my.clevelandclinic.org/heart/heartworks/heartfacts.aspx

3. Multimedia Directory
Slide 13Heart Anatomy Animation
Slide 27Heart Chambers Animation
Slide 36Atrial Blood Flow Animation
Slide 38Atrial Contraction Animation
Slide 40Ventricular Contraction Animation
Slide 45Internal Heart Structures Exercise
Slide 67Blood Pressure Animation
Slide 72Cardiac Arrhythmia Video
Slide 81Blood Pressure Measurement Video
Slide 84Angina Pectoris Animation
Slide 88Coronary Artery Disease Animation
Slide 92Heart Attack Video
Slide 95Aneurysm Animation

4. Multimedia Directory Continued
Slide 106Electrocardiography Video
Slide 107EKG Technician Video
Slide 112Defibrillation Video

5. Cardiovascular System at a Glance
 Functions of
Cardiovascular (CV)
System
 Distribute blood to all
areas of body
 Delivery of needed
substances to cells
 Removal of wastes

6. Cardiovascular System at a Glance
 Organs of Cardiovascular System
 Heart
 Arteries
 Capillaries
 Veins

7. Cardiovascular Combining Forms
 angi/o  ather/o
 vessel  fatty substance
 aort/o  atri/o
 aorta  atrium
 arteri/o  cardi/o
 artery  heart

8. Cardiovascular Combining Forms
 coron/o  sphygm/o
 heart  pulse
 hemangi/o  steth/o
 blood vessel  chest
 phleb/o  thromb/o
 vein  clot

9. Cardiovascular Combining Forms
 valv/o  vas/o
 valve  vessel, duct
 valvul/o  ven/o
 valve  vein
 vascul/o  ventricul/o
 blood vessel  ventricle

10. Cardiovascular System Suffixes
 –manometer
 instrument to measure pressure
 –ole
 small
 –tension
 pressure
 –ule
 small

11. Anatomy and Physiology
 Also called circulatory system
 Maintains distribution of blood throughout body
 Delivers oxygen and nutrients like glucose and amino acids
to cells
 Picks up carbon dioxide and other waste products from
cells and delivers to lungs, liver, and kidneys for elimination

12. Anatomy and Physiology
 Is composed of:
 Heart
 Blood vessels
 Arteries
 Capillaries
 Veins
 Divided into
 pulmonary circulation and
 systemic circulation

13. Heart Anatomy Animation
Click here to view an animation of the anatomy of the heart
Back to Directory

14. Pulmonary Circulation
 Between heart and lungs
 Carries deoxygenated blood
away from right side of heart
to lungs
 Carries oxygenated blood
from lungs to left side of heart
Figure 5.1

15. Systemic Circulation
 Between heart and cells of body
 Carries oxygenated blood away
from left side of heart to body
 Carries deoxygenated blood from
body to right side of heart

16. A schematic of the circulatory system illustrating the pulmonary circulation
picking up oxygen from the lungs and the systemic circulation
delivering oxygen to the body.

17. Heart
 Muscular pump
 Made up of cardiac muscle fibers
 Could be called a muscle instead of an organ
 Beats an average of 60 – 100 beats per minute (bpm),
or about 100,000 times a day
 Each time the muscle contracts:
 Blood is ejected from heart
 Pushed throughout body within blood vessels

18. Heart
 Located in the mediastinum
 More to left side of chest
 Directly behind sternum
 About size of a fist
 Shaped like upside-down pear
 Tip of heart at lower edge
 Called the apex

19. Location of the heart within
the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity.

20. Heart Layers
Endocardium Myocardium Epicardium
 Inner layer  Middle layer  Outer layer
 Lines heart Thick muscle  Forms the
chambers  Contraction of visceral layer of
 Smooth, thin layer this layer pericardial sac
that reduces friction develops the  Fluid between
as the blood passes pressure layers of
through heart required to pericardial sac
chambers pump blood reduces friction
through blood as heart beats
vessels

21. Figure 5.3 – Internal view of the heart illustrating the heart chambers, heart
layers, and major blood vessels associated with the heart.

22. Heart Chambers
 Divided into four
chambers
 Two atria
 Two ventricles
 Heart is divided into
right and left sides by a
wall called the septum

23. Atria
 Left and right upper chambers
 Receiving chambers
 Blood returns to atria in veins
 Superior and
Inferior vena cava
 Pulmonary veins

24. Ventricles
 Left and right lower
chambers
 Pumping chambers
 Thick myocardium
 Blood exits ventricles into
arteries
 Aorta
 Pulmonary artery

25. Figure 5.3 – Internal view of the heart illustrating the heart chambers, heart
layers, and major blood vessels associated with the heart.

26. Figure 5.4 – Internal view of heart specimen illustrating
heart chambers, septum, and heart valves.

27. Heart Chambers Animation

28. Heart Valves
 Four valves in heart
 Tricuspid
 Pulmonary
 Mitral
 Aortic

29. Heart Valves
 Act as restraining gates to control direction of blood
flow
 Found at entrance and exit to ventricles
 Allow blood to flow only in forward direction by
blocking it from returning to previous chamber

30. Tricuspid Valve
 An atrioventricular valve
 Between right atrium and
ventricle
 Prevents blood in ventricle
from flowing back into
atrium

31. Tricuspid Valve
 Has 3 leaflets or cusps

32. Pulmonary Valve
 A semilunar valve
 Between right ventricle and pulmonary
artery
 Prevents blood in artery from flowing
back into ventricle
 Semilunar – valve looks like half moon

33. Mitral Valve
 An atrioventricular valve
 Between left atrium and
ventricle
 Prevents blood in ventricle from
flowing back into atrium

34. Mitral Valve
 Also called bicuspid valve
- has two cusps

35. Aortic Valve
 A semilunar valve
 Between left ventricle and
aorta
 Prevents blood in aorta
from flowing back into
ventricle

36. Heart Valves

37. Figure 5.4 – Internal view of heart specimen illustrating
heart chambers, septum, and heart valves.

38. Path of Blood Flow Through Heart
1. Deoxygenated blood from
body enters relaxed right
atrium via two large veins
called:
 Superior vena cava
 Inferior vena cava
Figure 5.6

39. Atrial Blood Flow Animation

40. Path of Blood Flow Through Heart
2. Right atrium contracts
 Blood flows through
tricuspid valve into
relaxed right ventricle
Figure 5.6

41. Atrial Contraction Animation

42. Path of Blood Flow Through Heart
3. Right ventricle contracts
 Blood is pumped
through pulmonary
valve into pulmonary
artery
 Carries blood to lungs
Figure 5.6

43. Ventricular Contraction Animation
Click here to view an animation of ventricular contraction.

44. Path of Blood Flow Through Heart
4. Relaxed left atrium
receives blood that has
been oxygenated by
lungs
 Blood enters left atrium
from the four
pulmonary veins
Figure 5.6

45. Path of Blood Flow Through Heart
5. Left atrium contracts
 Blood flows through
mitral valve into relaxed
left ventricle
Figure 5.6

46. Path of Blood Flow Through Heart
6. Left ventricle contracts
 Blood is pumped
through the aortic valve
and into aorta
 Largest artery in the
body
 Carries blood to all
parts of body
Figure 5.6

47. The path of blood flow through the
chambers of the left and right side of the heart.

48. Internal Heart Structures Exercise
Click here to review the internal structures of the heart in a labeling activity.

49. Conduction System of the Heart
 Autonomic nervous
system controls heart rate
 Therefore, no voluntary control
over heart
 Special heart tissue conducts
electrical impulses
 Stimulate different chambers to
contract in correct order

50. Path of the Conduction System
1. Sinoatrial (SA) node, or
pacemaker, is where
electrical impulse begins
 From SA node a wave of
electricity travels through
atria
 Causing them to
contract, or go into
systole

51. Path of the Conduction System
2. Next, atrioventricular
node (AV) is stimulated
3. This node transfers
stimulation wave to
bundle of His

52. Path of the Conduction System
4. Electrical wave travels
down bundle branches
within interventricular
septum
5. Finally, Purkinje fibers in
ventricular myocardium
are stimulated
 Results in ventricular
systole
Figure 5.7

53. Systole and Diastole
 Heart chambers alternate
between:
 Relaxing to fill
 Contracting to push blood
forward
 Relaxation phase is
diastole
 Contraction phase is
systole

54. The conduction system of the heart.

55. An electrocardiogram (EKG) wave.

56. QRS Complex
Precedes Ventricular Systole
http://qrscomplex.net/

57. EKG Wave
http://www.vetgo.com/cardio/concepts/concsect.php?conceptkey=170
http://www.medicinenet.com/heart_disease_pictures_slideshow/article.htm

58. Blood Vessels
 Pipes that circulate blood
through body
 Three types:
 Arteries
 Capillaries
 Veins
 Lumen is the channel
within blood vessels

59. Arteries
 Large thick-walled vessels
 Wall contains smooth
muscle and can dilate or
constrict
 As arteries travel through
body they branch into
progressively smaller
vessels called arterioles

60. Comparative structure of arteries, capillaries, and veins.

61. Arteries
 Carry blood away from heart
 Towards either lungs or cells and tissues
of body
 Pulmonary artery carries
deoxygenated blood to lungs
 Aorta carries oxygenated blood to body
 Coronary arteries supply
myocardium

62. The coronary arteries.

63. The major arteries of the body.

64. Capillaries
 Network of tiny, thin-walled blood vessels called a
capillary bed
 Connecting unit between arteries and veins
 Arterial blood flows into capillary bed
 Venous blood flows out of capillary bed
 Location for:
 Oxygen and nutrients to diffuse out
 Carbon dioxide and wastes to diffuse in

65. Comparative structure of arteries, capillaries, and veins.

66. Veins
 Much thinner walls than arteries
 Much lower pressure system than in arteries
 Have valves to insure blood flows only towards heart
 Squeezing by skeletal muscles also assists blood return to heart
 Smallest veins are called venules

67. Comparative structure of arteries, capillaries, and veins.

68. Veins
 Carry blood towards the heart
 From either the lungs or the cells
and tissues of body
 Pulmonary veins carry
oxygenated blood from lungs
 Superior and inferior vena cava
carry deoxygenated blood from
body

69. The major veins of the body.

70. Blood Pressure Animation

71. Systole and Diastole
 Heart chambers alternate
between:
 Relaxing to fill
 Contracting to push blood
forward
 Relaxation phase is
diastole
 Contraction phase is
systole

72. Blood Pressure
 Measurement of force exerted by blood against
walls of a vessel
 May be affected by several characteristics of blood
and blood vessels
 Elasticity of arteries
 Diameter of blood vessels
 Viscosity of blood
 Volume of blood
 Amount of resistance to blood flow

73. Blood Pressure
 During ventricular systole
 Blood is under great pressure
 Gives highest pressure—systolic
 Top number of blood pressure reading
 During ventricular diastole
 Blood isn’t being pushed from heart at all
 Blood pressure drops to lowest point—diastolic
 Bottom number of blood pressure reading
115/75 mm HG

74. Blood Pressure Animation

75. Word Building with angi/o
–gram angiogram record of a vessel
–itis angitis inflammation of a vessel
–plasty angioplasty surgical repair of vessel
involuntary muscle contraction
–spasm angiospasm
in a vessel
–stenosis angiostenosis narrowing of a vessel

76. Word Building with aort/o & arteri/o
–ic aortic pertaining to the aorta
–al arterial pertaining to an artery
–ole arteriole small artery
–rrhexis arteriorrhexis ruptured artery

77. Word Building with ather/o & atri/o
surgical removal of fatty
–ectomy atherectomy
substance
–oma atheroma fatty substance tumor/growth
–al atrial pertaining to the atrium
pertaining to between the
inter– –al interatrial
atrium

78. Word Building with cardi/o
–ac cardiac pertaining to the heart
brady– –ia bradycardia state of slow heart
electr/o –
electrocardiogram record of heart’s electricity
gram
–megaly cardiomegaly enlarged heart
my/o –al myocardial pertaining to heart muscle
–ologist cardiologist heart specialist
–rrhexis cardiorrhexis ruptured heart
tachy– –ia tachycardia state of fast heart

79. Word Building with cardi/o
–ac cardiac pertaining to the heart
brady– –ia bradycardia state of slow heart
electr/o –
electrocardiogram record of heart’s electricity
gram
–megaly cardiomegaly enlarged heart
my/o –al myocardial pertaining to heart muscle
–ologist cardiologist heart specialist
–rrhexis cardiorrhexis ruptured heart
tachy– –ia tachycardia state of fast heart

80. Cardiac Arrhythmia Video
tachycardia and bradycardia.

81. Word Building with coron/o,
phleb/o, and vascul/o
–ary coronary pertaining to the heart
–itis phlebitis inflammation of a vein
–ar vascular pertaining to a blood vessel

82. Word Building with valv/o & valvul/o
–plasty valvoplasty surgical repair of valve
–itis valvulitis inflammation of a valve
–ar valvular pertaining to a valve

83. Word Building with ven/o & ventricul/o
–ous venous pertaining to veins
–ule venule small vein
–gram venogram record of a vein
pertaining to
–ar ventricular
ventricles
inter– – pertaining to
interventricular
ar between ventricles

84. Cardiovascular Vocabulary (13)
listening to sounds within body using a stethoscope
auscultation
branch of medicine for diagnosis and treatment of
cardiology
cardiovascular disease; physician is a cardiologist
flexible tube inserted in body to move fluids into or
catheter out of body; may be used to place dye into a vein to
view blood vessels

85. Cardiovascular Vocabulary
area of necrotic tissue due to
infarct
loss of blood supply
local and temporary deficiency
ischemia of blood supply due to a
circulatory obstruction
abnormal heart sound such as
murmur soft blowing sound or a harsh
click; also called a bruit
orthostatic sudden drop in blood pressure
hypotension when standing up suddenly

86. Cardiovascular Vocabulary
palpitations pounding, racing heartbeats
yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in an artery; hallmark
plaque
of atherosclerosis
to flow backwards; in CV system refers to backflow
regurgitation
of blood through a valve

87. http://www3.hku.hk/surgery/vdc_cea.php

88. Cardiovascular Vocabulary
blood pressure cuff; measures blood
sphygmomanometer
pressure
stainless steel tube placed within blood
stent
vessel to widen the lumen
stethoscope instrument for listening to body sounds

89. Using a systole
to measure blood pressure.

90. Blood Pressure Measurement Video
Click here to view a video on the use of a sphygmomanometer.

91. A) A catheter is used to place a collapsed stent next to an atherosclerotic
plaque; B) stent is expanded; C) catheter is removed, leaving the expanded
stent behind.

93. Heart Pathology (17)
angina severe pain and sensation of constriction around
pectoris heart; caused by myocardial ischemia
irregularity in heartbeat; some are mild and others
arrhythmia
are life threatening
electrical impulse is blocked from traveling down
bundle branch
bundle branches; results in ventricles beating at
block (BBB)
different rate than atria; also called heart block

94. Angina Pectoris Animation
angina pectoris.

95. Heart Pathology
complete stopping of heart
cardiac arrest
activity
myocardial disease; may be
caused by viral infection,
cardiomyopathy congestive heart failure, or
alcoholism; common reason
for heart transplant
hole, present at birth, in heart
congenital septal septum; allows mixing of
defect (CSD) oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood

96. Heart Pathology
left ventricle muscle is too weak to efficiently
congestive heart
pump blood; results in weakness,
failure (CHF)
breathlessness, & edema
poor blood supply to heart muscle due to
coronary artery
obstruction of coronary arteries; may cause
disease (CAD)
angina pectoris and heart attack
inflammation of lining membranes of heart; if
endocarditis cause is bacterial may have a bacterial colony
form, called vegetation

97. Formation of an atherosclerotic plaque within a coronary artery.

98. Coronary Artery Disease Animation

99. Heart Pathology
extremely serious arrhythmia characterized by
fibrillation quivering of heart fibers; cardiac arrest and death
can occur
arrhythmia in which atria beat too rapidly, but in a
flutter
regular pattern
heart valve cusps are too loose and fail to shut tightly; allowing
prolapse regurgitation
heart valve cusps are too stiff; unable to shut tightly; allowing
stenosis regurgitation

100. Heart Pathology
myocardial occlusion of coronary artery; results in a
infarction (MI) myocardial infarct; a heart attack
myocarditis inflammation of heart muscle layer
pericarditis inflammation of pericardial sac
combination of four congenital anomalies;
pulmonary stenosis, interventricular septal
defect, improper placement of aorta,
tetralogy of Fallot hypertrophy of right ventricle; requires
immediate surgery
Étienne–Louis–Arthur (1850–1911)

101. External and cross-sectional view of an infarct caused by a myocardial infarction.

102. Heart Attack Video

103. Blood Vessel Pathology (15)
weakness and ballooning of arterial wall;
aneurysm commonly seen in abdominal and cerebral
arteries
hardening & loss of elasticity of arterial walls;
arteriosclerosis
often due to atherosclerosis
most common form of arteriosclerosis; lipid
atherosclerosis
plaques form in arterial wall

104. Illustration of a large aneurysm in the abdominal aorta which has ruptured.

105. Aneurysm

106. Development of an atherosclerotic plaque that progressively narrows the
lumen of an artery to the point that a thrombus fully occludes the lumen.

107. Blood Vessel Pathology
coarctation of aorta
severe congenital narrowing of aorta
(CoA)
obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that
embolus
has broken off from a thrombus in another site
hemorrhoid varicose veins in anal region

108. Atria Embolus

109. Illustration of an embolus floating in an artery. The embolus will become
lodged in a blood vessel that is smaller than it is, resulting in occlusion of
that artery.

110. Blood Vessel Pathology
high blood pressure;
essential or primary
hypertension hypertension is due to CV
(HTN) disease; secondary
hypertension results from
another disease
decrease in blood pressure;
hypotension may be due to shock or
anemia
congenital heart anomaly
patent ductus where fetal connection
arteriosus between pulmonary artery
(PDA) and aorta fails to close at
birth

111. Patent Ductus Arteriosis
In the Normal Embryo Patent Ductus Arteriosis

112. Blood Vessel Pathology
peripheral abnormal condition affecting any blood vessel
vascular disease outside the heart; symptoms may include pain,
(PVD) pallor, & blocked circulation
polyarteritis inflammation of several arteries
periodic ischemic attacks affecting extremities;
Raynaud’s especially fingers, toes, ears, and nose;
phenomenon extremities become cyanotic; triggered by cold
exposure

113. Blood Vessel Pathology
inflammation of vein
thrombophlebitis resulting in blood
clots within a vein
blood clot within a
blood vessel; may
thrombus
partially or completely
occlude blood vessel
swollen and
varicose veins distended veins; often
in the legs

114. varicose veins
thrombophlebitis

115. Clinical Laboratory Tests (2)
blood test determines level of enzymes specific to
cardiac heart muscle in blood; an increase may indicate
enzymes heart muscle damage such as a myocardial
infarction
blood test measures amount of cholesterol and
serum
triglycerides in blood; indicator of
lipoprotein level
atherosclerosis risk
LDL (bad cholesterol) associated with the development of
atherosclerosis
HDL (good cholesterol) associated with decreasing the
development of atherosclerosis

116. Diagnostic Imaging (5)
X-rays taken after injection of opaque dye into
angiography
blood vessel
nuclear medicine scan using radioactive thallium;
cardiac scan especially useful in determining myocardial
damage

117. angiography
cardiac scan

118. Diagnostic Imaging
using ultrasound to produce an image of
Doppler blood flowing through blood vessels in
ultrasonography order to determine velocity; indicates blood
clots or deep vein thromboses
use of ultrasound to visualize internal
echocardiography
cardiac structures; especially valves
venography X-ray of veins; used to identify a thrombus

119. Cardiac Function Tests (4)
catheter is threaded through blood vessel
to heart; detects abnormalities, collects
cardiac catheterization
cardiac blood samples, and determines
blood pressure inside heart
process of recording electrical activity of
electrocardiography
heart; able to diagnose arrhythmias and
(ECG, EKG)
myocardial damage
EKG=Elektrokardiogramm (German spelling)

120. cardiac catheterization

121. cardiac catheterization

122. Electrocardiography Video
Click here to view a video on electrocardiography

123. EKG Technician Video

124. Cardiac Function Tests
portable ECG monitor worn
by patient up to a few days to
Holter
assess heart activity as
monitor
person goes through daily
activities
evaluates cardiovascular
fitness; patient exercises on
treadmill or bicycle with a
stress
steadily increasing work
testing
load; EKC and oxygen levels
are monitored throughout the
test

125. Man undergoing stress test on a treadmill. (Jonathan Nourok/PhotoEdit Inc.)

126. Medical Procedures (6)
procedure to restore cardiac output and
cardiopulmonary oxygenate air for person in cardiac arrest;
resuscitation (CPR) uses chest compressions and artificial
respiration
procedure that converts irregular heartbeats,
defibrillation
such as fibrillation, using an electric shock
extracorporeal routing blood to a heart-lung machine during a
circulation (ECC) surgical procedure

127. extracorporeal circulation (ECC)

128. An emergency medical technician positions defibrillator paddles on the chest
of a supine male patient.

129. Medical Procedures (3)
device implanted into the
heart to deliver an
implantable
electric shock to restore
cardioverter-
normal heart rhythm;
defibrillator
especially helpful for
ventricular fibrillation
device implanted into the
heart to substitute for the
pacemaker
natural pacemaker;
implantation
especially helpful for
bradycardia

130. Figure 5.22 – Color enhanced X-ray showing pacemaker implanted in the
chest and the electrode wires running to the heart. (UHB Trust/Getty Images
Inc.–Stone Allstock)

131. Medical Procedures
use of drugs, such as streptokinase or
thrombolytic therapy tissue-type plasminogen activator, to
dissolve clots and restore blood flow

132. Surgical Procedures (10)
aneurysmectomy surgical removal of an aneurysm
surgical joining of two arteries when an
arterial anastomosis artery is severed or a damaged section is
removed
blood vessel from another location (often a
coronary artery bypass
leg vein) is grafted to route blood around a
graft (CABG)
blocked coronary artery
embolectomy surgical removal of an embolus

133. Coronary Artery Bypass - CABG

134. Surgical Procedures
removal of the diseased inner lining of an
endarterectomy artery; usually to remove atherosclerotic
plaques
replacement of a diseased heart with a
heart transplant
donor heart
placing a stent within a coronary artery;
intracoronary
treats coronary ischemia due to
artery stent
atherosclerosis
removal of varicose veins; damaged vein is
ligation & stripping tied off (ligation) and then removed
(stripping)

135. Surgical Procedures
percutaneous balloon catheter is inserted through skin into
transluminal coronary coronary artery; inflated to dilate the narrow
angioplasty (PTCA) blood vessel
removal of diseased valve and replacement
valve replacement
with an artificial valve

136. Balloon angioplasty.

137. Cardiovascular Pharmacology (11)
ACE inhibitor produce vasodilation to decrease Lotensin,
drugs blood pressure Capoten
reduces or prevents cardiac Tambocor,
antiarrhythmic
arrhythmias Corvert
Warfarin,
anticoagulant prevents blood clot formation
Coumadin
antilipidemic reduces blood cholesterol level Lipitor, Zocor

138. Cardiovascular Pharmacology
lowers heart rate to treat hypertension Lopressor,
Beta-blocker
and angina pectoris Inderal
Calcium decreases force of heart beat to treat
Cardizem,
channel hypertension, angina pectoris, and
Procardia
blocker congestive heart failure
increases force of heart contraction to
cardiotonic Lanoxin
treat congestive heart failure

139. Cardiovascular Pharmacology
increases urine
production to reduce
diuretic Lasix
plasma volume to lower
blood pressure
dissolves existing blood
thrombolytic Plavix, Activase
clot

140. Cardiovascular Pharmacology
contracts smooth muscle in wall
vasoconstrictor of blood vessel to raise blood Aramine
pressure
relaxes smooth muscle in wall of
blood vessel to reduce blood Nitro-Dur,
vasodilator
pressure and increase blood flow Vasodilan
to ischemic area

141. Cardiovascular Abbreviations
AFB atrial fibrillation
AMI acute myocardial infarction
AS arteriosclerosis
ASD atrial septal defect
ASHD arteriosclerotic heart disease
AV, A-V atrioventricular
BBB bundle branch block
BP blood pressure

142. Cardiovascular Abbreviations
bpm beats per minute
CABG coronary artery bypass graft
CAD coronary artery disease
cath catheterization
CC cardiac catheterization, chief complaint
CCU coronary care unit
CHF congestive heart failure
CoA coarctation of the aorta

143. Cardiovascular Abbreviations
CP chest pain
CPK creatine phosphokinase
CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CSD congenital septal defect
CV cardiovascular
DVT deep vein thrombosis
ECC extracorporeal circulation
ECG, EKG electrocardiogram

144. Cardiovascular Abbreviations
ECHO echocardiogram
GOT glutamic- oxaloacetic transaminase
HTN hypertension
ICU intensive care unit
IV intravenous
LDH lactate dehydrogenase

145. Cardiovascular Abbreviations
LVAD left ventricular assist device
LVH left ventricular hypertrophy
MI myocardial infarction, mitral insufficiency
mmHg millimeters of mercury
MR mitral regurgitation
MS mitral stenosis
MVP mitral valve prolapse

146. Cardiovascular Abbreviations
P pulse
PAC premature atrial contraction
PDA patent ductus arteriosus
PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
PVC premature ventricular contraction
S1 first heart sound
S2 second heart sound

147. Cardiovascular Abbreviations
SA, S-A sinoatrial
SGOT serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase
SK streptokinase
tPA tissue-type plasminogen activator
Vfib ventricular fibrillation
VSD ventricular septal defect
VT ventricular tachycardia