Submit Search
Upload
18 [chapter 18 the endocrine system]
•
Download as PPT, PDF
•
72 likes
•
13,577 views
Sompoch Thanachaikan
Follow
Principles of Anatomy & Physiology 14th edition [Gerard J Tortora/ Bryan Derrickson]
Read less
Read more
Health & Medicine
Report
Share
Report
Share
1 of 84
Download now
Recommended
23 [chapter 23 the respiratory system]
23 [chapter 23 the respiratory system]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
17 [chapter 17 the special senses]
17 [chapter 17 the special senses]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
10 [chapter 10 muscular tissue]
10 [chapter 10 muscular tissue]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
14 [chapter 14 the brain and cranial nerves]
14 [chapter 14 the brain and cranial nerves]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
15 [chapter 15 the autonomic nervous system]
15 [chapter 15 the autonomic nervous system]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
22 [chapter 22 the lymphatic system and immunity]
22 [chapter 22 the lymphatic system and immunity]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
03 [chapter 3 the cellular level of organization]
03 [chapter 3 the cellular level of organization]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
13 [chapter 13 the spinal cord and spinal nerves]
13 [chapter 13 the spinal cord and spinal nerves]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
Recommended
23 [chapter 23 the respiratory system]
23 [chapter 23 the respiratory system]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
17 [chapter 17 the special senses]
17 [chapter 17 the special senses]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
10 [chapter 10 muscular tissue]
10 [chapter 10 muscular tissue]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
14 [chapter 14 the brain and cranial nerves]
14 [chapter 14 the brain and cranial nerves]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
15 [chapter 15 the autonomic nervous system]
15 [chapter 15 the autonomic nervous system]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
22 [chapter 22 the lymphatic system and immunity]
22 [chapter 22 the lymphatic system and immunity]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
03 [chapter 3 the cellular level of organization]
03 [chapter 3 the cellular level of organization]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
13 [chapter 13 the spinal cord and spinal nerves]
13 [chapter 13 the spinal cord and spinal nerves]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
20 [chapter 20 the cardiovascular system the heart]
20 [chapter 20 the cardiovascular system the heart]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
11 [chapter 11 the muscular system]
11 [chapter 11 the muscular system]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
21 [chapter 21 the cardiovascular system blood vessels and hemodynamics][11e]
21 [chapter 21 the cardiovascular system blood vessels and hemodynamics][11e]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
12 [chapter 12 nervous tissue]
12 [chapter 12 nervous tissue]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
29 [chapter 29 development and inheritance]
29 [chapter 29 development and inheritance]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
01 [chapter 1 an introduction to the human body]
01 [chapter 1 an introduction to the human body]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
28 [chapter 28 the reproductive system]
28 [chapter 28 the reproductive system]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
26 [chapter 26 the urinary system]
26 [chapter 26 the urinary system]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
Chapter 17
Chapter 17
Yukti Sharma
Chapter 13
Chapter 13
Yukti Sharma
16 [chapter 16 sensory, motor, and integrative systems]
16 [chapter 16 sensory, motor, and integrative systems]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
Lecture 2 the urinary system
Lecture 2 the urinary system
Nada G.Youssef
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
Yukti Sharma
04 [chapter 4 the tissue level of organization][11e]
04 [chapter 4 the tissue level of organization][11e]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
Chapter 24
Chapter 24
Yukti Sharma
27 [chapter 27 fluid, electrolyte and acid base homeostasis]
27 [chapter 27 fluid, electrolyte and acid base homeostasis]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
02 [chapter 2 the chemical level of organization]
02 [chapter 2 the chemical level of organization]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
05 [chapter 5 the integumentary system]
05 [chapter 5 the integumentary system]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
Chapter 10 central nervous system, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves
Chapter 10 central nervous system, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves
Nada G.Youssef
Activity 12-urinary-reproductive
Activity 12-urinary-reproductive
meleebirdsong
Lecture 1 the endocrine system
Lecture 1 the endocrine system
Nada G.Youssef
hypothalamus-and-pituitary-hormones.pptx
hypothalamus-and-pituitary-hormones.pptx
MazzRudy
More Related Content
What's hot
20 [chapter 20 the cardiovascular system the heart]
20 [chapter 20 the cardiovascular system the heart]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
11 [chapter 11 the muscular system]
11 [chapter 11 the muscular system]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
21 [chapter 21 the cardiovascular system blood vessels and hemodynamics][11e]
21 [chapter 21 the cardiovascular system blood vessels and hemodynamics][11e]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
12 [chapter 12 nervous tissue]
12 [chapter 12 nervous tissue]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
29 [chapter 29 development and inheritance]
29 [chapter 29 development and inheritance]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
01 [chapter 1 an introduction to the human body]
01 [chapter 1 an introduction to the human body]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
28 [chapter 28 the reproductive system]
28 [chapter 28 the reproductive system]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
26 [chapter 26 the urinary system]
26 [chapter 26 the urinary system]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
Chapter 17
Chapter 17
Yukti Sharma
Chapter 13
Chapter 13
Yukti Sharma
16 [chapter 16 sensory, motor, and integrative systems]
16 [chapter 16 sensory, motor, and integrative systems]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
Lecture 2 the urinary system
Lecture 2 the urinary system
Nada G.Youssef
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
Yukti Sharma
04 [chapter 4 the tissue level of organization][11e]
04 [chapter 4 the tissue level of organization][11e]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
Chapter 24
Chapter 24
Yukti Sharma
27 [chapter 27 fluid, electrolyte and acid base homeostasis]
27 [chapter 27 fluid, electrolyte and acid base homeostasis]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
02 [chapter 2 the chemical level of organization]
02 [chapter 2 the chemical level of organization]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
05 [chapter 5 the integumentary system]
05 [chapter 5 the integumentary system]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
Chapter 10 central nervous system, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves
Chapter 10 central nervous system, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves
Nada G.Youssef
Activity 12-urinary-reproductive
Activity 12-urinary-reproductive
meleebirdsong
What's hot
(20)
20 [chapter 20 the cardiovascular system the heart]
20 [chapter 20 the cardiovascular system the heart]
11 [chapter 11 the muscular system]
11 [chapter 11 the muscular system]
21 [chapter 21 the cardiovascular system blood vessels and hemodynamics][11e]
21 [chapter 21 the cardiovascular system blood vessels and hemodynamics][11e]
12 [chapter 12 nervous tissue]
12 [chapter 12 nervous tissue]
29 [chapter 29 development and inheritance]
29 [chapter 29 development and inheritance]
01 [chapter 1 an introduction to the human body]
01 [chapter 1 an introduction to the human body]
28 [chapter 28 the reproductive system]
28 [chapter 28 the reproductive system]
26 [chapter 26 the urinary system]
26 [chapter 26 the urinary system]
Chapter 17
Chapter 17
Chapter 13
Chapter 13
16 [chapter 16 sensory, motor, and integrative systems]
16 [chapter 16 sensory, motor, and integrative systems]
Lecture 2 the urinary system
Lecture 2 the urinary system
Chapter 1
Chapter 1
04 [chapter 4 the tissue level of organization][11e]
04 [chapter 4 the tissue level of organization][11e]
Chapter 24
Chapter 24
27 [chapter 27 fluid, electrolyte and acid base homeostasis]
27 [chapter 27 fluid, electrolyte and acid base homeostasis]
02 [chapter 2 the chemical level of organization]
02 [chapter 2 the chemical level of organization]
05 [chapter 5 the integumentary system]
05 [chapter 5 the integumentary system]
Chapter 10 central nervous system, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves
Chapter 10 central nervous system, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves
Activity 12-urinary-reproductive
Activity 12-urinary-reproductive
Similar to 18 [chapter 18 the endocrine system]
Lecture 1 the endocrine system
Lecture 1 the endocrine system
Nada G.Youssef
hypothalamus-and-pituitary-hormones.pptx
hypothalamus-and-pituitary-hormones.pptx
MazzRudy
Chapt13 endocrine
Chapt13 endocrine
bholmes
CAPE Biology unit 2 notes on the endocrine system
CAPE Biology unit 2 notes on the endocrine system
shorty_sapphira
Chapter 18
Chapter 18
Yukti Sharma
Chapter 13 Endocrine System
Chapter 13 Endocrine System
sgossett5757
Hormones artifact!
Hormones artifact!
zs4033bn
Endocrine system-outline-of-major-players1556
Endocrine system-outline-of-major-players1556
Gian Romano
PITUITARY HORMONES.pptx
PITUITARY HORMONES.pptx
FatimaSundus1
Endocrine gland
Endocrine gland
Soneeshah
Pituitary Gland, its Hormones and Functions
Pituitary Gland, its Hormones and Functions
Muhammad Yousaf
Pitutary gland
Pitutary gland
cutiepie39
HORMONES, the endocrine glands.Sources.docx
HORMONES, the endocrine glands.Sources.docx
EdralynEgael
Endocrine System @.pptx
Endocrine System @.pptx
TuleshverYadav
Hormones artifact!
Hormones artifact!
zs4033bn
Endocrine systemhhhhhhhhhhhhjjuuiuuuuujjjj
Endocrine systemhhhhhhhhhhhhjjuuiuuuuujjjj
abubakarduule
Q3-1.-The-Endocrine-System-Glands-and-Their-Hormones.pptx
Q3-1.-The-Endocrine-System-Glands-and-Their-Hormones.pptx
KianJiroVitug
pituitary-gland.pdf
pituitary-gland.pdf
DebaPaul
IVMS Endocrine Secretion and Action I
IVMS Endocrine Secretion and Action I
Imhotep Virtual Medical School
pitutiary gland.pptx
pitutiary gland.pptx
GuardianAngel5
Similar to 18 [chapter 18 the endocrine system]
(20)
Lecture 1 the endocrine system
Lecture 1 the endocrine system
hypothalamus-and-pituitary-hormones.pptx
hypothalamus-and-pituitary-hormones.pptx
Chapt13 endocrine
Chapt13 endocrine
CAPE Biology unit 2 notes on the endocrine system
CAPE Biology unit 2 notes on the endocrine system
Chapter 18
Chapter 18
Chapter 13 Endocrine System
Chapter 13 Endocrine System
Hormones artifact!
Hormones artifact!
Endocrine system-outline-of-major-players1556
Endocrine system-outline-of-major-players1556
PITUITARY HORMONES.pptx
PITUITARY HORMONES.pptx
Endocrine gland
Endocrine gland
Pituitary Gland, its Hormones and Functions
Pituitary Gland, its Hormones and Functions
Pitutary gland
Pitutary gland
HORMONES, the endocrine glands.Sources.docx
HORMONES, the endocrine glands.Sources.docx
Endocrine System @.pptx
Endocrine System @.pptx
Hormones artifact!
Hormones artifact!
Endocrine systemhhhhhhhhhhhhjjuuiuuuuujjjj
Endocrine systemhhhhhhhhhhhhjjuuiuuuuujjjj
Q3-1.-The-Endocrine-System-Glands-and-Their-Hormones.pptx
Q3-1.-The-Endocrine-System-Glands-and-Their-Hormones.pptx
pituitary-gland.pdf
pituitary-gland.pdf
IVMS Endocrine Secretion and Action I
IVMS Endocrine Secretion and Action I
pitutiary gland.pptx
pitutiary gland.pptx
More from Sompoch Thanachaikan
25 [chapter 25 metabolism and nutrition]
25 [chapter 25 metabolism and nutrition]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
24 [chapter 24 the digestive system][11e]
24 [chapter 24 the digestive system][11e]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
19 [chapter 19 the cardiovascular system the blood]
19 [chapter 19 the cardiovascular system the blood]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
09 [chapter 9 joints]
09 [chapter 9 joints]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
08 [chapter 8 the skeletal system appendicular skeleton]
08 [chapter 8 the skeletal system appendicular skeleton]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
11 [chapter 11 the muscular system][11e]
11 [chapter 11 the muscular system][11e]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
07 [chapter 7 the skeletal system the axial skeleton]
07 [chapter 7 the skeletal system the axial skeleton]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
06 [chapter 6 the skeletal system bone tissue]
06 [chapter 6 the skeletal system bone tissue]
Sompoch Thanachaikan
More from Sompoch Thanachaikan
(8)
25 [chapter 25 metabolism and nutrition]
25 [chapter 25 metabolism and nutrition]
24 [chapter 24 the digestive system][11e]
24 [chapter 24 the digestive system][11e]
19 [chapter 19 the cardiovascular system the blood]
19 [chapter 19 the cardiovascular system the blood]
09 [chapter 9 joints]
09 [chapter 9 joints]
08 [chapter 8 the skeletal system appendicular skeleton]
08 [chapter 8 the skeletal system appendicular skeleton]
11 [chapter 11 the muscular system][11e]
11 [chapter 11 the muscular system][11e]
07 [chapter 7 the skeletal system the axial skeleton]
07 [chapter 7 the skeletal system the axial skeleton]
06 [chapter 6 the skeletal system bone tissue]
06 [chapter 6 the skeletal system bone tissue]
Recently uploaded
Low Rate Call Girls Patna Anika 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Patna
Low Rate Call Girls Patna Anika 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Patna
makika9823
Call Girl Number in Vashi Mumbai📲 9833363713 💞 Full Night Enjoy
Call Girl Number in Vashi Mumbai📲 9833363713 💞 Full Night Enjoy
babeytanya
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...
Miss joya
Lucknow Call girls - 8800925952 - 24x7 service with hotel room
Lucknow Call girls - 8800925952 - 24x7 service with hotel room
discovermytutordmt
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
astropune
Call Girls Colaba Mumbai ❤️ 9920874524 👈 Cash on Delivery
Call Girls Colaba Mumbai ❤️ 9920874524 👈 Cash on Delivery
nehamumbai
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...
Call girls in Ahmedabad High profile
Vip Call Girls Anna Salai Chennai 👉 8250192130 ❣️💯 Top Class Girls Available
Vip Call Girls Anna Salai Chennai 👉 8250192130 ❣️💯 Top Class Girls Available
Nehru place Escorts
VIP Russian Call Girls in Varanasi Samaira 8250192130 Independent Escort Serv...
VIP Russian Call Girls in Varanasi Samaira 8250192130 Independent Escort Serv...
Neha Kaur
VIP Call Girls Tirunelveli Aaradhya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Tir...
VIP Call Girls Tirunelveli Aaradhya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Tir...
narwatsonia7
Call Girls Service Surat Samaira ❤️🍑 8250192130 👄 Independent Escort Service ...
Call Girls Service Surat Samaira ❤️🍑 8250192130 👄 Independent Escort Service ...
CALL GIRLS
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
aditipandeya
sauth delhi call girls in Bhajanpura 🔝 9953056974 🔝 escort Service
sauth delhi call girls in Bhajanpura 🔝 9953056974 🔝 escort Service
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
Call Girls Service In Shyam Nagar Whatsapp 8445551418 Independent Escort Service
Call Girls Service In Shyam Nagar Whatsapp 8445551418 Independent Escort Service
parulsinha
Russian Call Girls in Delhi Tanvi ➡️ 9711199012 💋📞 Independent Escort Service...
Russian Call Girls in Delhi Tanvi ➡️ 9711199012 💋📞 Independent Escort Service...
Call Girls In Delhi Whatsup 9873940964 Enjoy Unlimited Pleasure
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...
narwatsonia7
Artifacts in Nuclear Medicine with Identifying and resolving artifacts.
Artifacts in Nuclear Medicine with Identifying and resolving artifacts.
MiadAlsulami
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
jageshsingh5554
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
Miss joya
VIP Call Girls Pune Vani 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls Ser...
VIP Call Girls Pune Vani 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls Ser...
Miss joya
Recently uploaded
(20)
Low Rate Call Girls Patna Anika 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Patna
Low Rate Call Girls Patna Anika 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Patna
Call Girl Number in Vashi Mumbai📲 9833363713 💞 Full Night Enjoy
Call Girl Number in Vashi Mumbai📲 9833363713 💞 Full Night Enjoy
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...
Lucknow Call girls - 8800925952 - 24x7 service with hotel room
Lucknow Call girls - 8800925952 - 24x7 service with hotel room
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
Best Rate (Hyderabad) Call Girls Jahanuma ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
Call Girls Colaba Mumbai ❤️ 9920874524 👈 Cash on Delivery
Call Girls Colaba Mumbai ❤️ 9920874524 👈 Cash on Delivery
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...
Vip Call Girls Anna Salai Chennai 👉 8250192130 ❣️💯 Top Class Girls Available
Vip Call Girls Anna Salai Chennai 👉 8250192130 ❣️💯 Top Class Girls Available
VIP Russian Call Girls in Varanasi Samaira 8250192130 Independent Escort Serv...
VIP Russian Call Girls in Varanasi Samaira 8250192130 Independent Escort Serv...
VIP Call Girls Tirunelveli Aaradhya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Tir...
VIP Call Girls Tirunelveli Aaradhya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Tir...
Call Girls Service Surat Samaira ❤️🍑 8250192130 👄 Independent Escort Service ...
Call Girls Service Surat Samaira ❤️🍑 8250192130 👄 Independent Escort Service ...
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
VIP Call Girls Indore Kirti 💚😋 9256729539 🚀 Indore Escorts
sauth delhi call girls in Bhajanpura 🔝 9953056974 🔝 escort Service
sauth delhi call girls in Bhajanpura 🔝 9953056974 🔝 escort Service
Call Girls Service In Shyam Nagar Whatsapp 8445551418 Independent Escort Service
Call Girls Service In Shyam Nagar Whatsapp 8445551418 Independent Escort Service
Russian Call Girls in Delhi Tanvi ➡️ 9711199012 💋📞 Independent Escort Service...
Russian Call Girls in Delhi Tanvi ➡️ 9711199012 💋📞 Independent Escort Service...
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...
Artifacts in Nuclear Medicine with Identifying and resolving artifacts.
Artifacts in Nuclear Medicine with Identifying and resolving artifacts.
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
VIP Call Girls Pune Vani 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls Ser...
VIP Call Girls Pune Vani 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls Ser...
18 [chapter 18 the endocrine system]
1.
CHAPTER 18 The Endocrine
System Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 14th Edition Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
2.
The nervous
and endocrine systems act together to coordinate all systems of the body. The nervous system releases neurotransmitters; the endocrine system releases hormones. Most hormones circulate through the blood and bind to receptors on “target cells.” Neurotransmitters also bind to receptors on “target” cells. Comparison of Control by the Nervous and Endocrine Systems Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
3.
Comparison of Control
by the Nervous and Endocrine Systems Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
4.
Exocrine glands
secrete their products into ducts. None of these are hormones. These glands include sudoriferous (sweat) glands, sebaceous (oil) glands, mucous glands, digestive glands and several other throughout the body. Endocrine Glands Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
5.
Endocrine glands
secrete hormones. They do not have ducts and secrete their hormones directly into the interstitial fluid that surrounds them. The hormones diffuse into the blood stream through capillaries and are carried to target cells throughout the body. Endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pineal glands. Endocrine Glands Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
6.
Certain organs and
tissues that are not part of the endocrine system also secrete hormones. These include the hypothalamus, thymus, pancreas, ovaries, testes, kidneys, stomach, liver, small intestine, skin, heart, adipose tissue and placenta. Endocrine Glands Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
7.
Endocrine Glands Copyright ©
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
8.
Hormones traveling
throughout the body will only affect target cells that possess specific protein receptors. Receptors are continually being synthesized and broken down. Receptors may be down-regulated in the presence of high concentrations of hormone. Receptors may be up-regulated in the presence of low concentrations of hormone. Hormone Activity Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
9.
Hormone Activity Copyright ©
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
10.
Hormones that don’t
circulate are local hormones (paracrines). Those that act on the same cell that secretes them are autocrines. Hormone Activity Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
11.
Hormones are
either lipid-soluble (steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, nitric oxide) or water-soluble (amine hormones, peptide and protein hormones, eicosanoid hormones). Water-soluble hormones circulate freely in the plasma. Lipid-soluble hormones circulate bound to transport proteins. Hormone Activity Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
12.
Hormone Activity Copyright ©
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
13.
Hormone Activity Copyright ©
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
14.
Responses to the
same hormone may vary depending on the hormone itself and the target cell. The response may be: Synthesis of new molecules Changing permeability of the cell membrane Stimulating transport of a substance into or out of the cell Altering the rate of metabolic actions Causing contraction of smooth or cardiac muscle Mechanisms of Hormone Action Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
15.
Lipid-soluble hormones bind to receptors within
target cells. Mechanisms of Hormone Action Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
16.
Water-soluble hormones bind to receptors
on the exterior surface of the target cell. Mechanisms of Hormone Action Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
17.
How a target
cell responds to a hormone is based on: The hormone’s concentration in the blood The number of hormone receptors on the target cell Influences exerted by other hormones Some hormones work more effectively when a second hormone is present to assist them (synergistic effect). Some hormones oppose the action of others (antagonistic effect). Mechanisms of Hormone Action Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
18.
Hormones are secreted
in short bursts when needed. Secretion is regulated by: Signals from the nervous system Chemical changes in the blood Other hormones Control of Hormone Secretion Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
19.
Most hormone regulation is
achieved via negative feedback. Control of Hormone Secretion Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
20.
A few hormones
operate via positive feedback. Control of Hormone Secretion Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
21.
Interactions Animation: Control of
Hormone Secretion Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Hormonal Cycles You must be connected to the Internet and in Slideshow Mode to run this animation.
22.
The hypothalamus and
pituitary gland work together to control other endocrine glands. They are connected by the infundibulum. Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
23.
Hypothalamus and Pituitary
Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
24.
The anterior
lobe (adenohypophysis) makes up 75% of the weight of the pituitary gland and secretes 7 hormones. The posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) is made of neural tissue and releases two hormones made by the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the release of hormones by the pituitary gland. They reach the pituitary gland via the hypophyseal portal system. Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
25.
Hypothalamus and Pituitary
Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
26.
The anterior pituitary
gland secretes 7 hormones produced by 5 different types of cells. Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
27.
Negative feedback loops control
the secretions of thyrotrophs, gonadotrophs and corticotrophs. Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
28.
Human growth
hormone (hGH) is the most plentiful anterior pituitary hormone. It is released in bursts every few hours by somatotrophs. Their activity is controlled by two hypothalamic hormones: growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH). Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
29.
Hypothalamus and Pituitary
Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
30.
In summary, the
anterior pituitary gland secretes human growth hormone (hGH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
31.
Hypothalamus and Pituitary
Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
32.
The posterior
pituitary gland does not synthesize any hormones, but stores and releases from axon terminals two hormones produced by the neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus: oxytocin (OT) and anti- diuretic hormone (ADH). Axons from the neurosecretory cells form the hypothalamohypophyseal tract. Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
33.
Hypothalamus and Pituitary
Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
34.
The amount
of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted varies with blood osmotic pressure. Its function is to decrease urine output. Osmoreceptors (neurons) in the hypothalamus monitor blood osmotic pressure. An increase in blood volume causes a decrease in ADH secretion. A decrease in blood volume causes an increase in ADH secretion. Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
35.
Hypothalamus and Pituitary
Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
36.
Hypothalamus and Pituitary
Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
37.
The thyroid gland
is a butterfly-shaped gland located inferior to the larynx and anterior to the trachea. It has right and left lateral lobes connected by an isthmus. Some glands also have a pyramidal lobe projecting from the isthmus. Thyroid Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
38.
Follicular cells
are stimulated by TSH to produce thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine, T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) known as thyroid hormones. Parafollicular cells produce the hormone calcitonin to help regulate calcium homeostasis. Thyroid Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
39.
Thyroid Gland Copyright ©
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
40.
T3 and T4
are synthesized and secreted in an 8 step process. Thyroid Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
41.
Thyroid hormones: Increase
basal metabolic rate (BMR) Help maintain normal body temperature Stimulate protein synthesis Increase the use of glucose and fatty acids for ATP production Upregulate beta (β) receptors that attach to catecholamines Work with hGH and insulin to accelerate body growth Thyroid Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
42.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from
the hypothalamus and thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary stimulate synthesis and release of thyroid hormones in a 5 step process. Thyroid Gland Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
43.
Thyroid Gland Copyright ©
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
44.
Thyroid Gland Copyright ©
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
45.
Located on the
posterior aspect of each lobe of the thyroid gland are 2 parathyroid glands (one inferior and one superior). Parathyroid Glands Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
46.
Parathyroid glands
contain 2 types of cells: Chief cells (principal cells) that produce parathyroid hormone (PTH, parathormone) Oxyphil cells whose function is not known in normal parathyroid glands but which secrete excess PTH in cases of parathyroid cancer Parathyroid Glands Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
47.
Parathyroid Glands Copyright ©
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
48.
Calcitonin produced by
the thyroid gland works in conjunction with PTH and calcitriol to regulate calcium homeostasis. Parathyroid Glands Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
49.
Parathyroid Glands Copyright ©
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
50.
The adrenal glands
(suprarenal glands) are located on top of each kidney. Adrenal Glands Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
51.
The glands are
divided into two regions: the outer cortex and the medial medulla. The glands are covered by a connective tissue capsule. Adrenal Glands Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
52.
The cortex is
divided histologically into 3 regions: The zona glomerulosa The zona fasciculata The zona reticularis Adrenal Glands Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
53.
The zona
glomerulosa secretes hormones called mineralocorticoids used to regulate mineral homeostasis. The zona fasciculata secretes hormones called glucocorticoids that affect glucose homeostasis. The zona reticularis secretes weak androgens (hormones with masculinizing effects). Adrenal Glands Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
54.
Aldosterone is
the major mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal gland. It helps regulate sodium and potassium homeostasis. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) pathway controls secretion of aldosterone. Adrenal Glands Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
55.
Adrenal Glands Copyright ©
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
56.
Secretion of glucocorticoids
(cortisol [hydrocortisone]-the most produced, cortisone and corticosterone) is regulated by negative feedback. They help control: Protein breakdown Glucose formation Lipolysis Resistance to stress Inflammation Immune responses Adrenal Glands Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
57.
Adrenal Glands Copyright ©
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
58.
The major
androgen secreted by the adrenal cortex is dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). In males, after puberty the hormone testosterone is secreted in much larger quantities so DHEA has virtually no effect. In females, DHEA and other adrenal androgens play a major role in promoting libido and are converted to estrogens. In menopausal women, all female estrogens come from adrenal androgens. Adrenal Glands Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
59.
The adrenal
medulla is stimulated by sympathetic preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Chromaffin cells secrete epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) both of which are involved in the fight-or-flight response. Adrenal Glands Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
60.
Adrenal Glands Copyright ©
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
61.
The pancreas is
both an endocrine and exocrine gland. It is located in the curve of the duodenum. Pancreatic Islets Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
62.
Almost all
of the exocrine cells of the pancreas are arranged in clusters called acini. These produce digestive enzymes that are delivered to the gastrointestinal tract through ducts. Scattered among the acini are clusters of endocrine tissue called pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans). Pancreatic Islets Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
63.
Pancreatic Islets Copyright ©
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
64.
The islets include
4 types of cells that secrete different hormones: Alpha (A) cells - glucagon Beta (B) cells - insulin Delta (D) cells - somatostatin F cells - pancreatic polypeptide Pancreatic Islets Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
65.
Pancreatic Islets Copyright ©
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
66.
Pancreatic Islets Copyright ©
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
67.
Secretion of insulin and
glucagon are controlled by negative feedback. Pancreatic Islets Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
68.
Gonads (ovaries
and testes) produce gametes (oocytes and sperm respectively). Ovaries produce two estrogens (estradiol and estrone), progesterone, relaxin and inhibin. Testes produce testosterone. Ovaries and Testes Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
69.
Ovaries and Testes Copyright
© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
70.
The pineal
gland is attached to the roof of the third ventricle of the brain and secretes melatonin which helps to regulate the body’s biological clock. The thymus is located behind the sternum between the lungs. It produces thymosin, thymic humoral factor (THF), thymic factor (TF) and thymopoietin, all of which promote maturation of the immune system’s T cells. Pineal Gland and Thymus Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
71.
Pineal Gland and
Thymus Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
72.
Several tissues and
organs which are not part of the endocrine system are able to produce hormones. Other Endocrine Tissues and Organs, Eicosanoids, and Growth Factors Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
73.
Other Endocrine Tissues and
Organs, Eicosanoids, and Growth Factors Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
74.
Eicosanoids are
locally-acting hormones derived from the 20-carbon fatty acid arachadonic acid. Certain hormones stimulate cell growth and division. Several newly discovered hormones called growth factors are involved in tissue development, growth and repair. Other Endocrine Tissues and Organs, Eicosanoids, and Growth Factors Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
75.
Other Endocrine Tissues and Organs, Eicosanoids,
and Growth Factors Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
76.
Eustress is
helpful, everyday stress that prepares us to meet challenges. Distress is any type of harmful stress that may be damaging. The fight-or-flight response (first stage of the stress response) stimulates the body’s resources to prepare for immediate activity. The resistance reaction is the second stage in the stress response and lasts longer than the fight-or-flight response. The Stress Response Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
77.
The Stress Response Copyright ©
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
78.
Glands of the
endocrine system develop from all 3 primary germ layers. Development of the Endocrine System Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
79.
Development of the
Endocrine System Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
80.
Aging brings
about changes in the levels of most hormones. Some increase while some decrease. In addition, levels of some hormones, like epinephrine and norepinephrine, remain the same. Histologically, most endocrine glands reduce in size and contain increasingly more fibrous connective tissue with age. Aging and the Endocrine System Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
81.
Focus on Homeostasis Copyright
© 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
82.
There are
many endocrine disorders. Some are more common than others. Pituitary gigantism and acromegaly are caused by excess secretion of growth hormone. Goiter is caused by a reduction in the production of thyroid hormone. Graves disease (with associated exophthalmos) develops due to excess thyroid hormone. Cushing’s syndrome is caused by excess secretion of glucocorticoids. Endocrine Disorders Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
83.
Endocrine Disorders Copyright ©
2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
84.
Copyright 2014 John
Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without express permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permission Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information herein. End of Chapter 18 Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Editor's Notes
<number>
Download now