Encapsulation refers to the process of adding headers and trailers to data as it passes from higher to lower layers in a networking model. At each layer, additional headers are added containing information for that layer, and the data plus added headers are passed to the next lower layer. Decapsulation is the reverse process of removing these headers at each layer as data moves from lower to upper layers.

1. Encapsulation

2. - The term "encapsulation" is used to describe a process of
adding headers and trailers around some data.
- For example, when you send an email using your favorite
email program (like Outlook or Thunderbird) that email is
sent from the Application layer to the Transport layer.
- The Transport layer encapsulates the data and adds its
own header (with its own information, such as which port
will be used) and passes the data to the Internet layer,
which again encapsulates the received data and adds its
own header, usually with information about the source and
destination IP addresses.
- The Internet layer than passes the data to the Network
Access layer. This layer is the only layer that adds both a
header and a trailer.
- The data is then sent through a physical network link.

3. Frame
Header
IP
Header
TCP
Header
Data Frame
Trailer
-The term "decapsulation" refers to the process of removing
headers and trailers as data passes from lower to upper
layers.
-This process happens on a computer that is receiving data.

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