The document describes the TCP/IP model and its layers: 1. The application layer contains common protocols like FTP, SMTP, HTTP, and DNS. 2. The transport layer contains TCP and UDP which manage end-to-end message transmission and error handling. 3. The network layer is IP which handles routing and congestion of data packets. 4. The lower layers include the data link layer which manages reliable data delivery to physical networks, and the physical layer which defines the physical media.

1. TCP/IP MODEL
Submitted by:
Name:--ALOK KUMAR
Class:--M.Tech(C.T.) 2nd sem
Roll:-- 04

2. OSI & TCP/IP MODELS
Application
Presentation
Session
SMTP FTP HTTP DNS POP3
Transport TCP UDP
Network
(Internet) IP
ICMP IGMP
RAPR ARP
Data link
Physical
Protocol defined by the underlying networks (host-to-network)
SCTP

3. TCP/IP MODEL
 Application Layer
 Application programs using the network
Transport Layer (TCP/UDP)
Management of end-to-end message transmission,
error detection and error correction
Network Layer (IP)
Handling of datagrams : routing and congestion
Data Link Layer
Management of cost effective and reliable data delivery,
access to physical networks
Physical Layer
Physical Media

4. TCP/IP
 TCP/IP is a set of protocols developed to
allow cooperating computers to share
resources across a network
 TCP stands for “Transmission Control
Protocol”
o IP stands for “Internet Protocol”
o They are Transport layer and Network layer
protocols respectively of the protocol suite
o The most well known network that adopted
TCP/IP is Internet – the biggest WAN in the
world

5. PROTOCOL
 Protocol is a set of rules that govern data
communication.
 The key element of protocol are :
 SNYTAX
 SEMANTICS
 TIMING

6. APPLICATION LAYER PROTOCOLS
 The application layer is responsible for
providing services to the user.
 Typical protocols:
 FTP – File Transfer Protocol
o For file transfer
o SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
o For mail transfer
o HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol
o For Web browsing

7. TRANSPORT LAYER PROTOCOL
 TCP/IP is built on “connectionless” technology.
 Typical protocols:
o TCP – Transmission Control Protocol
• Provide further the functions such as reordering and data
resend.
o UDP – User Datagram Service
• Use when the message to be sent fit exactly into a
datagram

8. NETWORK LAYER
 Network layer protocols define the rules of how to
find the routes for a packet to the destination.
 Typical protocols:
o IP – Internet Protocol
• Provide packet delivery
o ARP – Address Resolution Protocol
• Define the procedures of network address / MAC address
translation.
o ICMP – Internet Control Message Protocol
• Define the procedures of error message transfer

9. PHYSICAL AND DATA LINK LAYER
 TCP/IP does not define any specific protocol .
 It support all the standard and proprietary
protocols.A network in a TCP/IP internetwork
can be a local-area network or a wide-area
network.

10. REFERENCE
 Data communications and networking
 BEHROUZ A FOROUZAN
 Computer Networks
 Andrew S. Tanenbaum

11. THANK YOU