Presented by Barry Shapiro (ILRI) at a Consultative Meeting on Strengthening CGIAR - EARS partnerships for effective agricultural transformation in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 4–5 December 2014
Ethiopia Livestock Master Plan: Developing value chain action plansILRI
This document summarizes Ethiopia's Livestock Master Plan to develop value chain action plans. The plan involved conducting a poverty-focused livestock diagnostic and creating a strategy and action plan with multiple stakeholders. This was done through a series of meetings and studies to assess the importance of livestock to the economy and households, performance of production systems and commodity chains, policies/institutions, and establish monitoring and evaluation. The overall goal is to unlock livestock development potential and reinforce the contribution of livestock to poverty reduction.
Livestock Master Plan: Roadmaps for Growth and Transformation (2015-2020)ILRI
Presented by Gebregziabher Gebreyohannes ((HE, Dr.) Minister for Livestock Resources Development) at the MOA/ILRI Livestock Master Plan Project Steering Committee Meeting, Addis Ababa, 5 December 2014
Developing a Livestock Agri-Food Systems Research Program for the CGIAR: Back...ILRI
This document discusses developing a livestock research program for the CGIAR. It begins by highlighting the importance of livestock to livelihoods, nutrition and economies in developing countries. Smallholder farmers currently produce most livestock. Three scenarios for meeting growing demand for livestock products are presented: importing, industrializing production, or transforming smallholder systems. Transforming smallholder systems in a sustainable way is argued to be the most feasible option.
The document then discusses organizing research around trajectories of livestock sector growth and challenges. Priority research areas are identified as sustainable intensification, resilience, genetics, health, feeds, environment and agri-food systems. Key criteria for selecting priority locations include opportunities for intensification, resilience and inclusion. Partnerships with other
Ethiopian Livestock Master Plan (LMP): Roadmaps for growth and transformation...ILRI
The document outlines Ethiopia's Livestock Master Plan (LMP) for the period of 2015-2020. The LMP was created by the Ministry of Agriculture to guide the development of the livestock sector as part of the country's wider growth and transformation plan. It includes the creation of models for different livestock production systems to analyze their impacts on poverty reduction. The LMP proposes interventions to improve family and specialized dairy, red meat, and poultry production. It also projects increased production surpluses of red meat, poultry meat, and total meat if the LMP interventions are implemented. Successful implementation will require significant public and private investment in the major value chains.
Rural Economic Development and Food Security Sector Working Group—RED and FSILRI
Presented by Gary Robbins (USAID) at the Ethiopia - CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) Country Collaboration and Site Integration Meeting, Addis Ababa, 11 December 2015
Livestock Master Plan (LMP): Roadmaps for the Ethiopia Growth and Transformat...ILRI
The document summarizes the key findings and recommendations from Ethiopia's Livestock Master Plan (LMP). The LMP was developed through extensive consultation and analysis to provide a roadmap for livestock development under Ethiopia's Growth and Transformation Plan II. The analysis found that proposed interventions across dairy, red meat, poultry and cross-cutting areas could achieve significant increases in production, incomes, exports and GDP while reducing poverty and improving food security. Successful implementation will require substantial public and private investment, as well as supportive policies and further research.
Assessing ex-ante impact of the complementary dairy improvement interventions...ILRI
Presented by Sirak Bahta, Kidus Nigussie, Getachew Gebru, Solomon Desta and Barry Shapiro at the Annual Conference of Association of Agricultural Economists of South Africa (AEASA), South Africa, 8-10 October 2019
Ethiopia Livestock Master Plan: Developing value chain action plansILRI
This document summarizes Ethiopia's Livestock Master Plan to develop value chain action plans. The plan involved conducting a poverty-focused livestock diagnostic and creating a strategy and action plan with multiple stakeholders. This was done through a series of meetings and studies to assess the importance of livestock to the economy and households, performance of production systems and commodity chains, policies/institutions, and establish monitoring and evaluation. The overall goal is to unlock livestock development potential and reinforce the contribution of livestock to poverty reduction.
Livestock Master Plan: Roadmaps for Growth and Transformation (2015-2020)ILRI
Presented by Gebregziabher Gebreyohannes ((HE, Dr.) Minister for Livestock Resources Development) at the MOA/ILRI Livestock Master Plan Project Steering Committee Meeting, Addis Ababa, 5 December 2014
Developing a Livestock Agri-Food Systems Research Program for the CGIAR: Back...ILRI
This document discusses developing a livestock research program for the CGIAR. It begins by highlighting the importance of livestock to livelihoods, nutrition and economies in developing countries. Smallholder farmers currently produce most livestock. Three scenarios for meeting growing demand for livestock products are presented: importing, industrializing production, or transforming smallholder systems. Transforming smallholder systems in a sustainable way is argued to be the most feasible option.
The document then discusses organizing research around trajectories of livestock sector growth and challenges. Priority research areas are identified as sustainable intensification, resilience, genetics, health, feeds, environment and agri-food systems. Key criteria for selecting priority locations include opportunities for intensification, resilience and inclusion. Partnerships with other
Ethiopian Livestock Master Plan (LMP): Roadmaps for growth and transformation...ILRI
The document outlines Ethiopia's Livestock Master Plan (LMP) for the period of 2015-2020. The LMP was created by the Ministry of Agriculture to guide the development of the livestock sector as part of the country's wider growth and transformation plan. It includes the creation of models for different livestock production systems to analyze their impacts on poverty reduction. The LMP proposes interventions to improve family and specialized dairy, red meat, and poultry production. It also projects increased production surpluses of red meat, poultry meat, and total meat if the LMP interventions are implemented. Successful implementation will require significant public and private investment in the major value chains.
Rural Economic Development and Food Security Sector Working Group—RED and FSILRI
Presented by Gary Robbins (USAID) at the Ethiopia - CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) Country Collaboration and Site Integration Meeting, Addis Ababa, 11 December 2015
Livestock Master Plan (LMP): Roadmaps for the Ethiopia Growth and Transformat...ILRI
The document summarizes the key findings and recommendations from Ethiopia's Livestock Master Plan (LMP). The LMP was developed through extensive consultation and analysis to provide a roadmap for livestock development under Ethiopia's Growth and Transformation Plan II. The analysis found that proposed interventions across dairy, red meat, poultry and cross-cutting areas could achieve significant increases in production, incomes, exports and GDP while reducing poverty and improving food security. Successful implementation will require substantial public and private investment, as well as supportive policies and further research.
Assessing ex-ante impact of the complementary dairy improvement interventions...ILRI
Presented by Sirak Bahta, Kidus Nigussie, Getachew Gebru, Solomon Desta and Barry Shapiro at the Annual Conference of Association of Agricultural Economists of South Africa (AEASA), South Africa, 8-10 October 2019
Presented by Siboniso Moya, ILRI, at the Ethiopia - CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) Country Collaboration and Site Integration Meeting, Addis Ababa, 11 December 2015
The document tracks key indicators of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) from 1993-2003, 2003-2008, and 2008-2016. It finds that while progress has been made in several areas, targets have generally not been met. Agricultural production and intra-African trade have increased over time. Undernourishment levels have decreased. However, only a few countries achieved the target of allocating 10% of government expenditure to agriculture. Agricultural expenditure as a percentage of total expenditure has generally deteriorated over time. Eastern Africa showed the greatest improvements while Western Africa saw some deterioration.
The document discusses key concepts and tools for the African Agricultural Transformation Scorecard (AATS). The AATS is used as an advocacy tool to track country progress on commitments in the Malabo Declaration. It discusses scorecard concepts like targets, milestones, indicators, benchmarks, and scoring. Scores are calculated based on a country's effort and performance toward commitments, and a zero score is given if data is unavailable. Transparency is ensured through documentation of algorithms and data sources online. Definitions of terms used in scorecards like benchmarks, targets, indicators, and milestones are also provided.
Boosting growth, ending hunger, and social protection
Samuel Benin
Deputy Director, Africa Regional Office
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
(Coauthors: Tsitsi Makombe and Wondwosen Tefera)
(Data collection: ReSAKSS-regional and county-SAKSS teams and networks)
This is a presentation from ACI's Cambodia Agriculture in Transition project field training. The presentation covers the approaches and methods for the field team to use while conducting farm surveys throughout Cambodia. This presentation was given by Jean Claude Randrianarisoa, one of the consultants for the project.
The Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) is an Indian agricultural development program launched in 2007 to incentivize states to increase public investment in agriculture and allied sectors. It aims to achieve 4% annual growth in agriculture during the 11th plan period by ensuring holistic development. States must prepare District and State Agriculture Plans to access RKVY funds, which are allocated based on states' agricultural spending. The program supports various crop production, infrastructure development, and special schemes.
This document summarizes Cambodia's agriculture sector in 2016 and a vision for 2030, and discusses how the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) can help achieve that vision. In 2016, agriculture employed 51% of Cambodians but contributed only 26% to GDP, with smaller farms becoming less productive. The vision for 2030 is for agriculture to remain important but more productive, with rural development improving livelihoods. The document predicts that by 2030, one-third of today's farm children will be successful smallholders, one-third will have rural jobs but also farm, and one-third will move to cities. It asks how IFAD can help each group transition and ensure no one is left behind.
The document proposes a system to systematically organize India's agriculture sector called the Agricultural Development Bureau (ADB) system. Key aspects of the proposed ADB system include:
1) Establishing a hierarchical structure from central ADB units covering large zones down to local ADB units serving agricultural populations of 25,000 people.
2) Each ADB unit would have seven departments covering functions like surveys, human resources, machinery, storage, finance, marketing, and seeds/fertilizers.
3) The system aims to boost productivity, reduce wastage and exploitation of farmers, and increase food security through coordinated planning, infrastructure development, technology promotion, and other services across the agriculture value chain.
4)
ICRISAT Global Planning Meeting 2019:Research Program - Innovation Systems fo...ICRISAT
The Innovation Systems for the Drylands (ISD) program at ICRISAT aims to create and share knowledge to support profitable, resilient and sustainable agri-food systems at scale. ISD takes a systems approach and works across several themes including agribusiness, climate-smart agriculture, digital agriculture, markets and institutions, and nutrition. The document outlines the goals and approaches within each theme.
Rice production, area, and consumption have increased substantially in sub-Saharan Africa between 2008-2018, however self-sufficiency levels have decreased. While rice area and production grew by 40% and 55% respectively, consumption rose even faster at 81%, leading to a widening gap. Yield growth also slowed after initial increases following the 2008 food crisis. To achieve rice self-sufficiency by 2025, production would need to increase at over 16% annually through increased investments estimated at $2.7 billion under a new investment plan for 10 pilot countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Additional policy measures are also needed such as reducing rice imports and supporting improved technologies, organization of value chains, and market access for producers.
This document summarizes the key topics and findings from the book "Agricultural Transformation in Nepal: Trends, Prospects and Policy Options". It discusses Nepal's agricultural sector challenges including lower and fluctuating growth, declining productivity, and rising imports. However, it also notes prospects like shifting diets driving demand, commercialization, and emerging value chains. The way forward involves ensuring food security through technology adoption, increasing public and private investment, promoting diversification, and developing domestic and regional value chains. Strengthening infrastructure, quality standards, contract farming and trade opportunities can help realize the agriculture sector's potential.
Presented at the High-Level Ministerial (HLM) Conference on Rice Development in Sub-Saharan Africa 25 September 2018
Dakar, Senegal
Presented by Dr Amadou Beye, Seed Specialist,
Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice)
The document summarizes plans for Timor-Leste's first agriculture census (TLAC). It discusses:
1) Results from the 2015 National Population and Housing Census (NPHC) which included an agriculture module, showing over 90% of households are engaged in agriculture.
2) Next steps for the TLAC including establishing committees, confirming the timing, resource mobilization, and preparing documentation.
3) The methodology and sampling for the TLAC will be defined after analyzing the 2015 NPHC agriculture module data, using concepts from the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020.
Artificial Insemination service provision started 19 years ago in Mekelle and Adigrat towns of Tigray region. Currently AI service is given by 70 AI technicians in 33 districts & town, at 52 breeding units and one farm (TDA farm).
Presented at the High-Level Ministerial (HLM) Conference on Rice Development in Sub-Saharan Africa 25 September 2018
Dakar, Senegal
Abebe Haile-Gabriel
FAO Regional Programme Leader for Africa, RAF
23 25 jan 2013 csisa kathmandu acclerated mechanisation lessons from banglad...CSISA
This document summarizes lessons learned from Bangladesh's experience with agricultural mechanization. It notes that Bangladesh has seen widespread adoption of mechanization through two-wheeled tractors and shallow tubewell irrigation. Private sector investment was key, selecting affordable Chinese diesel pumps and tractors that smallholders could access. This led to intensification, higher productivity, and rural employment growth. Complementarity between 2WT and 4WT technologies was emphasized. Expanding mechanization of other crop activities like planting, harvesting and processing was also discussed.
The TRIPS meeting for North Africa and West Asia took place from July 26 to 28. This presentation, presented by Dr. Ali Nefzaoui, Dr. Rachid Serraj, Dr. Maarten van Ginkel, and Dr. William Payne covered NA & WA Target Area and action site characterization. Basic descriptors included climate, topography, soils, water resources, land use/land cover, land degradation, demography, agricultural systems, governance, and research opportunities. Sites were delineated into high potential areas which are mainly cereal and fruit tree based and low potential areas which are mainly agropastoral and pastoral systems.
The presentation outlines means of reducing vulnerability and managing risk in high and low potential areas and describes their climate regimes. It also identifies constraints, hypothesis and outputs for both types of areas. Low potential area constraints include high population growth, limited water resources, transitional production systems, more frequent and prolonged droughts and inappropriate policies of land use.
Constraints for high production areas (areas in which sustainable intensification for more productive, profitable and diversified dryland agriculture with well established linkages to markets) include pressure to be efficient in order to compete globally, small farms inability to benefit from economies of scale and youth preference to transition to cities for livelihoods.
Presented by Siboniso Moya, ILRI, at the Ethiopia - CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) Country Collaboration and Site Integration Meeting, Addis Ababa, 11 December 2015
The document tracks key indicators of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) from 1993-2003, 2003-2008, and 2008-2016. It finds that while progress has been made in several areas, targets have generally not been met. Agricultural production and intra-African trade have increased over time. Undernourishment levels have decreased. However, only a few countries achieved the target of allocating 10% of government expenditure to agriculture. Agricultural expenditure as a percentage of total expenditure has generally deteriorated over time. Eastern Africa showed the greatest improvements while Western Africa saw some deterioration.
The document discusses key concepts and tools for the African Agricultural Transformation Scorecard (AATS). The AATS is used as an advocacy tool to track country progress on commitments in the Malabo Declaration. It discusses scorecard concepts like targets, milestones, indicators, benchmarks, and scoring. Scores are calculated based on a country's effort and performance toward commitments, and a zero score is given if data is unavailable. Transparency is ensured through documentation of algorithms and data sources online. Definitions of terms used in scorecards like benchmarks, targets, indicators, and milestones are also provided.
Boosting growth, ending hunger, and social protection
Samuel Benin
Deputy Director, Africa Regional Office
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
(Coauthors: Tsitsi Makombe and Wondwosen Tefera)
(Data collection: ReSAKSS-regional and county-SAKSS teams and networks)
This is a presentation from ACI's Cambodia Agriculture in Transition project field training. The presentation covers the approaches and methods for the field team to use while conducting farm surveys throughout Cambodia. This presentation was given by Jean Claude Randrianarisoa, one of the consultants for the project.
The Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) is an Indian agricultural development program launched in 2007 to incentivize states to increase public investment in agriculture and allied sectors. It aims to achieve 4% annual growth in agriculture during the 11th plan period by ensuring holistic development. States must prepare District and State Agriculture Plans to access RKVY funds, which are allocated based on states' agricultural spending. The program supports various crop production, infrastructure development, and special schemes.
This document summarizes Cambodia's agriculture sector in 2016 and a vision for 2030, and discusses how the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) can help achieve that vision. In 2016, agriculture employed 51% of Cambodians but contributed only 26% to GDP, with smaller farms becoming less productive. The vision for 2030 is for agriculture to remain important but more productive, with rural development improving livelihoods. The document predicts that by 2030, one-third of today's farm children will be successful smallholders, one-third will have rural jobs but also farm, and one-third will move to cities. It asks how IFAD can help each group transition and ensure no one is left behind.
The document proposes a system to systematically organize India's agriculture sector called the Agricultural Development Bureau (ADB) system. Key aspects of the proposed ADB system include:
1) Establishing a hierarchical structure from central ADB units covering large zones down to local ADB units serving agricultural populations of 25,000 people.
2) Each ADB unit would have seven departments covering functions like surveys, human resources, machinery, storage, finance, marketing, and seeds/fertilizers.
3) The system aims to boost productivity, reduce wastage and exploitation of farmers, and increase food security through coordinated planning, infrastructure development, technology promotion, and other services across the agriculture value chain.
4)
ICRISAT Global Planning Meeting 2019:Research Program - Innovation Systems fo...ICRISAT
The Innovation Systems for the Drylands (ISD) program at ICRISAT aims to create and share knowledge to support profitable, resilient and sustainable agri-food systems at scale. ISD takes a systems approach and works across several themes including agribusiness, climate-smart agriculture, digital agriculture, markets and institutions, and nutrition. The document outlines the goals and approaches within each theme.
Rice production, area, and consumption have increased substantially in sub-Saharan Africa between 2008-2018, however self-sufficiency levels have decreased. While rice area and production grew by 40% and 55% respectively, consumption rose even faster at 81%, leading to a widening gap. Yield growth also slowed after initial increases following the 2008 food crisis. To achieve rice self-sufficiency by 2025, production would need to increase at over 16% annually through increased investments estimated at $2.7 billion under a new investment plan for 10 pilot countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Additional policy measures are also needed such as reducing rice imports and supporting improved technologies, organization of value chains, and market access for producers.
This document summarizes the key topics and findings from the book "Agricultural Transformation in Nepal: Trends, Prospects and Policy Options". It discusses Nepal's agricultural sector challenges including lower and fluctuating growth, declining productivity, and rising imports. However, it also notes prospects like shifting diets driving demand, commercialization, and emerging value chains. The way forward involves ensuring food security through technology adoption, increasing public and private investment, promoting diversification, and developing domestic and regional value chains. Strengthening infrastructure, quality standards, contract farming and trade opportunities can help realize the agriculture sector's potential.
Presented at the High-Level Ministerial (HLM) Conference on Rice Development in Sub-Saharan Africa 25 September 2018
Dakar, Senegal
Presented by Dr Amadou Beye, Seed Specialist,
Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice)
The document summarizes plans for Timor-Leste's first agriculture census (TLAC). It discusses:
1) Results from the 2015 National Population and Housing Census (NPHC) which included an agriculture module, showing over 90% of households are engaged in agriculture.
2) Next steps for the TLAC including establishing committees, confirming the timing, resource mobilization, and preparing documentation.
3) The methodology and sampling for the TLAC will be defined after analyzing the 2015 NPHC agriculture module data, using concepts from the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020.
Artificial Insemination service provision started 19 years ago in Mekelle and Adigrat towns of Tigray region. Currently AI service is given by 70 AI technicians in 33 districts & town, at 52 breeding units and one farm (TDA farm).
Presented at the High-Level Ministerial (HLM) Conference on Rice Development in Sub-Saharan Africa 25 September 2018
Dakar, Senegal
Abebe Haile-Gabriel
FAO Regional Programme Leader for Africa, RAF
23 25 jan 2013 csisa kathmandu acclerated mechanisation lessons from banglad...CSISA
This document summarizes lessons learned from Bangladesh's experience with agricultural mechanization. It notes that Bangladesh has seen widespread adoption of mechanization through two-wheeled tractors and shallow tubewell irrigation. Private sector investment was key, selecting affordable Chinese diesel pumps and tractors that smallholders could access. This led to intensification, higher productivity, and rural employment growth. Complementarity between 2WT and 4WT technologies was emphasized. Expanding mechanization of other crop activities like planting, harvesting and processing was also discussed.
The TRIPS meeting for North Africa and West Asia took place from July 26 to 28. This presentation, presented by Dr. Ali Nefzaoui, Dr. Rachid Serraj, Dr. Maarten van Ginkel, and Dr. William Payne covered NA & WA Target Area and action site characterization. Basic descriptors included climate, topography, soils, water resources, land use/land cover, land degradation, demography, agricultural systems, governance, and research opportunities. Sites were delineated into high potential areas which are mainly cereal and fruit tree based and low potential areas which are mainly agropastoral and pastoral systems.
The presentation outlines means of reducing vulnerability and managing risk in high and low potential areas and describes their climate regimes. It also identifies constraints, hypothesis and outputs for both types of areas. Low potential area constraints include high population growth, limited water resources, transitional production systems, more frequent and prolonged droughts and inappropriate policies of land use.
Constraints for high production areas (areas in which sustainable intensification for more productive, profitable and diversified dryland agriculture with well established linkages to markets) include pressure to be efficient in order to compete globally, small farms inability to benefit from economies of scale and youth preference to transition to cities for livelihoods.
The document discusses using draft animals like horses, mules, and oxen for farm work as an alternative to tractors. It notes the potential cost savings from reducing fuel usage and mentions draft animals can be suitable for small farms. The overview describes the typical sizes and temperaments of different draft breeds and explains horses, mules, and oxen can each effectively pull farm equipment, though each type has slight differences in abilities and training.
"Patterns of Ownership and Use of Agricultural Machines in Ghana: Implications for agricultural mechanization policy", presented by Nazaire Houssou at NSD/IFPRI workshop on "Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation in Asia and Africa", June 18-19, 2014, Beijing, China
"Emerging Demand for Tractor Mechanization in Ethiopia", presented by Guush Berhane, at NSD/IFPRI workshop on "Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation in Asia and Africa", June 18-19, 2014, Beijing, China
"The Prospect for Introducing Mechanical Threshing Technology in Smallholder Agriculture: The Case of Ethiopia", presented by Girma Moges and Dawit Alemu at at NSD/IFPRI workshop on "Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation in Asia and Africa", June 18-19, 2014, Beijing, China
Farm mechanization & Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable IntensificationFrédéric Baudron
- Farm power in the form of animal and mechanical traction is declining in sub-Saharan Africa due to factors like population growth, urbanization, and disease. This threatens the sustainability and intensification of smallholder agriculture.
- Conservation agriculture reduces power requirements and makes smaller, cheaper power sources like two-wheeled tractors more viable options. A business model approach can strengthen private sector markets for two-wheeled tractor services.
- The project aims to promote the adoption of two-wheeled tractors for conservation agriculture and other tasks like transport, threshing and shelling through technology demonstrations, strengthening local supply chains, and supporting rural entrepreneurship. It is projected to benefit hundreds of thousands of smallholder households.
"Agricultural Mechanization in Bangladesh: Role of Policies and Emerging Private Sector" presented by M.A. Sattar Mandal at NSD/IFPRI workshop on "Mechanization and Agricultural Transformation in Asia and Africa", June 18-19, 2014, Beijing, China
Agricultural Mechanization in Bangladesh: Role of Policies and Emerging Priv...
Similar to Sustainable intensification and climate change: An EARS-CGIAR Mega-program initiative in support of the Government of Ethiopia and the African Union
Agricultural Transformation Agenda in GTP II
Presented by Dereje Biruk (ATA) at the Ethiopia - CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) Country Collaboration and Site Integration Meeting, Addis Ababa, 11 December 2015
Presented by Siboniso Moyo (ILRI) at a Consultative Meeting on Strengthening CGIAR - EARS partnerships for effective agricultural transformation in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 4–5 December 2014
The document discusses supporting a transition to climate-smart agriculture and food systems. It provides an overview of climate-smart agriculture (CSA), defining it as an approach to jointly address food security, adaptation and mitigation of climate change. The document also describes Project GCP/RAF/496/NOR which aims to facilitate an enabling environment for scaling up CSA and assist in developing more climate-smart agricultural food systems through improved policies, strategies and frameworks. Stakeholders include smallholder farmers who will benefit from adopting appropriate CSA practices to increase productivity and resilience.
Introducing some ILRI and CGIAR activities in EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Siboniso Moyo, Barbara Wieland, Carlo Fadda (Bioversity International), Simon Langan (IWMI), Andrew Mude and Peter Ballantyne at the SDC visit to the ILRI Ethiopia campus, 16 July 2015
This document summarizes four presentations from a side event at CFS 43 on adopting new technologies to improve food security and agriculture. The first presentation discussed using spectral methods to rapidly diagnose soil micronutrient deficiencies in Africa. The second presented a pilot project in Somalia that combines basic research capacity building with farmer participation. The third discussed how the Tanzania Horticultural Association encourages farmers in Zanzibar to adopt innovations like drip irrigation, greenhouses, and solar pumps. The final presentation was about the GloCal nutrition project, which uses educational videos and mobile apps to promote maternal and child nutrition in Kenya.
Agricultural intensification, value chain development and human capacity stre...ILRI
This document discusses strategies for integrating agricultural intensification, value chain development, and human capacity strengthening. It outlines concepts like intensification and value chains. Global challenges are described like population growth and climate change. Integrated value chain, crop, and capacity development (IVCCD) is proposed to address issues in Africa like increasing food demand and land degradation. The document discusses partnership approaches, understanding local systems through assessments, research and development intervention options at different timescales and locations, documentation and scaling best practices, and communication strategies. Examples from projects in Ethiopia and East Africa illustrate integrated solutions and lessons learned around targeting farmers, evaluation, linking production to markets, and sustainability.
This strategy will reinforce IFPRI’s position as an evidence-based research organization that partners for impact and will help achieve the
Institute’s vision of a world free of hunger and malnutrition.
This document discusses sustainable development in Africa, focusing on health and wellbeing. It provides examples of how smart agribusiness using new technologies can promote more sustainable development in Africa. These include using satellite imaging, drones, sensors on livestock, and mobile phones to improve efficiency, resilience, and smallholder inclusion in agriculture. International organizations like CGIAR and ILRI are supporting efforts to transform smallholder systems through research, insurance programs, and building scientific capacity in Africa. Overall, the document advocates for development in Africa that promotes sustainability, health, and wellbeing through innovative, inclusive approaches tailored to the African context.
This document outlines Ghana's efforts to institutionalize ecological organic agriculture. It discusses Ghana's sector-wide approach to agriculture development involving various stakeholders. Research in ecological organic agriculture is conducted at universities and research institutions to develop knowledge and train professionals. Extension services help disseminate information to farmers. Partnerships promote collaboration across organizations in areas like market development, value chains, and networking. Challenges include changing perceptions, developing domestic markets, and reducing certification costs. Strengthening private advocacy, growing organic businesses, and mainstreaming data can help the sector thrive.
Advances of the AU-EU FNSSA Partnership towards Food Systems TransformationFrancois Stepman
23-25 January 2024. Joint SCAR workshop: “Research needs and priorities for the transformation to Sustainable Food Systems (SFS) at European and global level”
https://paepard.blogspot.com/2024/01/research-needs-and-priorities-for.html
Regional initiatives to promote biosciences innovation: The BioInnovate Progr...ILRI
The Bio-Innovate Program is a regional initiative established in 2010 to promote biosciences innovations in Eastern Africa. It focuses on strengthening agriculture, developing innovative waste treatment technologies, and enhancing policy. The program comprises 9 projects across 6 countries involving 57 institutions. It has developed an integrated wastewater treatment system using anaerobic digesters, aerobic digesters, and constructed wetlands to produce biogas and biofertilizers. This system has been piloted successfully at industries in Ethiopia, Uganda, and Tanzania. Going forward, the Bio-Innovate Program aims to scale up promising innovations and deepen private sector partnerships.
Sheryl Hendriks
POLICY SEMINAR
Transforming Food Systems to Deliver Healthy, Sustainable Diets : The View from the World’s Science Academies
Co-Organized by IFPRI and InterAcademy Partnership
FEB 14, 2019 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM EST
renforcement de la résilience des petits agriculteurs par les techniques de l...ArmandTanougong1
The document discusses strategies for promoting climate-smart agriculture (CSA) techniques to strengthen the resilience of small farmers in Niger's Tahoua region. It recommends aligning CSA efforts with Niger's existing Integrated 3N Initiative programs and institutions to leverage existing initiatives and stakeholder engagement. Specifically, it suggests establishing "climate smart villages" as demonstration sites where all stakeholders coordinate to test promising CSA practices. The goal is to systematically scale up CSA in Tahoua by building on Niger's policy framework and leveraging coordinated efforts across sectors and levels to improve productivity, adaptation and food security under climate change.
Ethiopian Experience in Irrigatiion Development by Mr. Zena Habtewold BiruMalabo-Montpellier-Panel
The Ethiopian irrigation success story was the focus of the webinar organised by the Malabo Montpellier Panel on 14th February 2019, based on their second report, Water-Wise: Smart Irrigation Strategies for Africa, which summarizes the key findings of a systematic analysis of what six African countries at the forefront of progress on irrigation have done right: Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Morocco, Niger and South Africa.
The guest speaker and author of this presentation, Mr. Zena Habtewold Biru, Director of the Planning Monitoring and Evaluation Directorate at the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) and Focal Person for the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Program (CAADP) discussed the case of Ethiopia’s remarkable growth in irrigation expansion over the last years, and the concrete practical steps that the government took to become one of the leading African countries in terms of agricultural irrigation, thereby reducing unemployment, poverty rate and malnutrition.
During the seminar Mr. Zena Habtewold Biru discussed the following questions:
•What did Ethiopia do differently?
•What are the main institutional innovations?
•What are the key policy measures?
•What are the country’s major programs and interventions?
•How and what did it take to mobilize the government to uptake strong regulatory frameworks that govern irrigation and the use of water in agriculture?
•What are the practical lessons for other Africans to learn from and to adapt to the context of their own countries?
Sustainable Intensification of Maize-Legume Cropping Systems for Food Securit...FMNR Hub
SIMLESA is a project aimed at sustainably intensifying maize and legume production in Eastern and Southern Africa through conservation agriculture practices and improved varieties. Over its first 5 years, SIMLESA worked with national agricultural research partners in 5 countries to test promising cropping systems, increase the availability of improved seeds, and build regional innovation systems. Key lessons included the need to link smallholder farms to domestic and international value chains, engage agribusiness, and integrate value chain, technology, capacity building and policy work through innovation platforms. Sustainable intensification requires systems research, innovation systems bridging research and scaling, attention to policies and partnerships, and strong monitoring and evaluation of impact.
Overview of International Livestock Research (ILRI) activities in EthiopiaILRI
Presented by Siboniso Moyo at a Consultative Meeting on Strengthening CGIAR - EARS partnerships for effective agricultural transformation in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 4–5 December 2014
Poster prepared by the International Food Policy Research Institute, March 2016
Similar to Sustainable intensification and climate change: An EARS-CGIAR Mega-program initiative in support of the Government of Ethiopia and the African Union (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Preventing the next pandemic: a 12-slide primer on emerging zoonotic diseasesILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Preventing preventable diseases: a 12-slide primer on foodborne diseaseILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Sustainable intensification and climate change: An EARS-CGIAR Mega-program initiative in support of the Government of Ethiopia and the African Union
1. Sustainable Intensification and Climate Change: An EARS-CGIAR
Mega-program Initiative In support of the Government of
Ethiopia and the African Union
Barry Shapiro (ILRI)
Strengthening CGIAR - EARS partnerships for effective agricultural transformation in Ethiopia
Consultative Meeting, 4 – 5 December 2014
2. EARS-CGIAR Program on Sustainable Intensification and
Climate Change: Origin and Development
• The GOE accepted to be the lead country in the African Union
(AU) on Climate Change
• MOA State Minister for Agriculture, HE Ato Wondirad asked ILRI
to coordinate development of an EARS-CGIAR Mega-program on
Sustainable Intensification and Climate Change
• Draft SI&CC Mega-Program concept note was developed and
discussed with EIAR and CG center senior scientists. Research
pillars identified and pillar concept note (CN) drafts developed
• More buy-in and contributions from more NARS and CG scientists
through EARS-CG Partner Dialogue CN presentation
• Another round of pillar CN development
• Integration/synthesis workshop end of January to finalize the CN
• Share with donors and other stakeholders thru REF&FS TCs to get
funding
3. Sustainable Intensification and Climate Change
Background
• As the world enters the Sustainable Development Goals
era (post MDGs), the challenge of feeding a growing
population in Africa remains
• The challenge is easily stated but more difficult to achieve:
How do we sustainably produce more food for people and
feed for livestock?
• Recently the concept of ‘sustainable intensification’ or
‘sustainable agricultural intensification’ had been used to
summarize the challenge (SDSN, 2013)
• How to define SI and how to measure SI remain issues?
4. Smallholder Agriculture is Crucial to the Future
of Agriculture in Africa
The challenge is to:
• Increase the primary productivity of both food crops
and feed for livestock (about 40% of agricultural GDP
and growing)
• Produce higher incomes and improved livelihoods for
smallholder farmers
• Promote social equity
• Protect and enhance natural resources (soil, water,
biodiversity) and ecosystem services
• Create an enabling environment and institutions
• Increase social equity
5. The Critical Role of Research in Increasing
Primary Productivity
Increasing primary productivity is critical, but to
achieve this:
• Research is needed to identify development pathways
and models – for SI of smallholder agriculture
• Two ways research on increasing primary productivity
can contribute to SI:
- Research is needed on how existing technologies and
information can be used to close the ‘yield gap’
- What new technologies and approaches can be
developed to increase potential productivity (the
‘yield potential’)
6. The Challenge of Climate Change to
productivity improvements
For agriculture the challenge is three-fold:
• Agricultural production, via land use change and especially
livestock production contributes to global warming which is
responsible for climate change
• Increased temperatures and altered precipitation patterns
caused by climate change will sometimes radically change
growing conditions for crops and livestock:
₋ Direct impacts on productivity but also key ecosystem
services (water, soils, biodiversity, pests and diseases, etc.).
• Push for ‘climate smart’ agriculture creates incentives and
constraints for farmer adoption of agricultural technologies
and strategies.
7. Advantages of Creating “Laboratory Sites”
in Ethiopia
We propose a new “laboratory site” approach to research
on SI&CC to be started in Ethiopia and then extended to
rest of Africa:
• Ethiopia offers an environment in which many of the global
challenges are manifest
• Ethiopia provides a unique location in which the research can
be conducted on SI&CC
• Ethiopia has a varied topography which creates a range of
agro-ecologies found in Africa
• 11 of the 15 global CGIAR Centres have offices in Addis
Ababa, plus ICIPE
• Inter-Centre partnership could provide a model for R4D in
other parts of the world
8. Why Start Laboratory locations in Ethiopia and
then Extend to Rest of Africa
• One of the fifteen most populous nations, with a high rate of
poverty, mainly in rural areas – population is growing rapidly
• One of the countries in Africa most likely to be affected by
climate change and must intensify
• Faces challenges in food and nutrition security
• GOE embraced agriculture sector development as an engine
of economic growth and the development of a green
economy - CRGE
• High potential for agricultural and livestock development to
improve incomes and livelihoods and increase social welfare
• Headquarters to the Africa Union (AU) which provides an
opportunity to link to the African agricultural research
network and CAADP
9. Objectives for a new research program SI&CC in
Ethiopia and Africa
• Create a world class research program focused on
increasing productivity from small-holder farming
systems
• Build capacity of EARS/EARS
• Contribute to food security and economic development
in a way that takes does not degrade the natural
resource base and future potential climate scenarios
• Focus on increasing primary productivity to produce
more food and livestock fodder
• Extended to key laboratory locations in Ethiopia and
then to the rest of Africa through a network of sites and
organizations
10. Key Components of the program
• Targeting analysis: Ex-ante analysis of options
for increasing productivity, based on agro-ecology,
climate, market potential, etc., using a
suite of modeling techniques
• Up-stream research using new biotechnology
techniques to generate new plant materials
with higher productivity, wider adaptation and
greater environmental sustainability through
lower input use per unit of usable yield
11. Key Components of the program (cont’d)
• Better use of the CGIAR gene banks (including
the ILRI forage gene bank in Addis) will be a
major resource for this research
• Long-term field research at “laboratory sites” to
test new crop and forage material, including
dual purpose crops providing food and feed in a
range of agro-ecological conditions
• Farming systems research to pilot, test and
develop options for increasing total farm
productivity, income, and protecting
environment
12. Key Components of the program (cont’d)
• Socio-economic and policy research to identify and
promote the policy, institutional and organizational
frameworks for “climate-smart” sustainable
intensification, including market access and institutions
and equity aspects including gender
• Capacity Development: The focus will be on on-the-project
training for devising, adapting, and applying
systems, tools and guidelines for benchmarking, reporting,
disseminating, and improving capacity development
across the project as a whole
Each component will have clearly defined outputs, outcomes
and potential impacts.
13. Implementation Plan
• Phase 1 -- a number of ‘laboratory sites’ will be
established within Ethiopia to undertake field trials and
systems research.
• Phase 2 -- a network of ‘laboratory sites’ in different
parts of Africa will be established.
• This research links to CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) -
Drylands, Humid Tropics, Policy Institutions and
Markets, several of the commodity CRPs, Water Land
and Ecosystems and CCAFS.
• The program will also make use of research facilities in
other locations, such as the ILRI-BeCA hub in Nairobi
and the laboratories and facilities in other Centers and
partners (capacity-building opportunities)
15. SI&CC -- Questions and Issues
• What is sustainability and how can it be practically be measured?
• How can policy promote or hinder sustainable intensification?
• What is the role of LTR in studying SI&CC?
• How can trade-offs in sustainability and intensification avoided to lead to
improved incomes and livelihoods, and environmental protection?
• How can sustainable intensification be achieved in the face of climate
change?
• How will livestock production fare versus crop production in the face of
climate change?
• Can gene mining create crops and feeds that are climate smart?
• What will smallholder farming systems look like in the LT under likely
climate change scenarios?
• Do we need to go beyond focusing on “hot spots” and also identify and
work in “sweet spots”?
16. SI&CC Program Pillars
• What is sustainable intensification and how SI be achieved in the face of CC
• How can SI be measured -- what are practical indicators at all relevant scales
• How long-term trials in laboratory sites can be used to study the risk-resilience
effects of CC and create lasting farming systems that are SI LTR
• Using gene mining to create crops and feeds which are climate smart
• Ensuring adequate supply of animal feed to lead to sustainable and
intensified animal production to meet meat/milk demand in the face of CC
• How can trade-offs in sustainability and intensification be avoided to lead to
improved incomes and livelihoods, and environmental protection
• Achieving NRM that is consistent with sustainably intensified agricultural
production in the face of climate change
• How policy and impact assessment can promote sustainability
• Capacity development to promote and achieve SI in the face of CC
• What SI smallholder farming systems will look like under climate change
18. Regional/global organizations
National organizations and institutions
Local organizations and institutions
More communities More communities
Scaling out (horizontal)
S
C
A
L
I
N
G
U
P
Sustainable Intensification Requires a Functional
Scaling Strategy
19. How to Define and Measure Sustainability
(Sustainability Indicators)
“[Sustainable development is] development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs”
Brundtland commission, 1987
• “… without compromising the needs of future
generations” immediately throws up the question of time-frames
• How can we measure an effect that may not express itself
for decades, centuries or even millennia?
• Difficult to pick out direct measurements that could be
taken in the short term
• How can we identify appropriate proxies and integrate
them into robust (but ultimately untestable) predictive
models?
20. Key Issues around Sustainability Indicators
• A definition of Sustainability?: Achieving development
without compromising the needs of future generations --
seems to be a tall order!
• There are often trade-offs – the longer the time-frame,
the more likely we are to see outcomes that were not the
ones intended by the original, purposeful action; some of
these will, inevitably, be negative
• It would appear that we can only hope to minimize the
adverse impacts of our current activities on the needs of
future generations?
• Need to go beyond focusing on “hot spots” and also
identify and work in “sweet spots”!
21. Key Issues around sustainability indicators
• Agricultural innovation is critical – but a constantly
moving target. This is perhaps the most significant
challenge to finding sustainable solutions:
₋ Innovation that works for a population density of 200
people per square km may not work 20 years later,
when each km hosts 300 or more people
• Values of environmental parameters (mean temperatures,
rainfall availability and distribution) are shifting rapidly,
only partially predictable and, we hope, under the
influence of mitigation measures (at multiple scales).
How do we define the environmental ‘sweet spots’ on
which to target sustainable innovation and how does this
affect the indicators that constitute our evidence base?
22. A multi-scale framework for practical
sustainability assessment
• Indicators established at nested scales:
– Plot
– Farm
– Household
– “Zone of influence”
• Sustainability assessment across five domains
– Productivity
– Economic
– Human
– Environmental
– Social
23. How it will work – indicators and trade-offs
Productivity
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
Economic
Human
Social
Environmen
tal
Plot - field scale
Plot 1
Plot 2
Plot 3
Farm scale
Productivity
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
Economic
Social
Environmental Human
Aggregated /
augmented
Productivity
Crop yield
Yield stability
Economic
Gross margin
Gross margin
variability
Human
Human Food
quality
Drudgery
Food safety
Environmental
Active Soil C
Cumulative
vegetative cover
Soil chemical
properties
Social
Resource conflict
intensity
Social cohesion
24. Addressing Risk and Resilience
under SI&CC
Aim of the risk and resilience pillar:
• To study interactions between system
components, people and their environment
and model potential future scenarios to
identify baskets of options to allow resource
poor farmers to sustainably intensify their
livelihoods and the environment under
changing climatic conditions
25. Indicative LTR activities
Interdisciplinary Long-term Research (LTR) to test a variety of
approaches within a range of agro-ecological and systems
contexts including:
• Identification and testing of “climate smart” agricultural
technologies to determine if they deliver what is promised in
a changing environment (combined with modelling)
• Identification and long-term testing of mitigation options to
document impact and trade-offs of productivity with
environmental degradation
• Identification and testing of novel technologies to enhance
screening and systems modelling
• Socioeconomic and anthropological studies on farmer
acceptance and preferences for adoption of new
technologies, species/crops and livestock breeds
26. Long-term Research Methods in
Laboratory Sites
• Field and household surveys to collect data on farming
system change and intensification and livelihoods
indicators
• Farmer and community capacity building
• Working at watershed scale too to ensure SI
• Farmer participatory experimentation with crop and
forage varieties, tree species and livestock breeds in on
farm situations
• Remote sensing and modelling for scenario simulation
• Not just LT varietal trials, but also other potential systems
like tree-crop-livestock systems
27. Messages: Communities, Partnerships, Capacities,
Integrating Science and Local Knowledge, Incentives
SSSustainability lessons learned so far:
1. Empower local communities & develop their
leadership capacities
2. Integrate & share scientific and local knowledge;
encourage innovation through “learning by doing”
partnerships
3. Strengthen and transform institutional and human
capacities with a special focus on DAs as the front
line champions
4. Create, align and implement incentives for success
28. Messages: Incentives, Tools, Integration, Value
Chains
5. Adapt and use new learning and planning tools
combined with effective learning processes
6. Integrate appropriate rainwater management
interventions at watershed and basin levels
7. Acknowledge downstream and off-site benefits as
well as up-stream and on-farm costs and benefits
8. Improve markets, value chains and multi-stakeholder
institutions to enhance the benefits & sustainability
of investments
29. Potential NRM to Improve Sustainable
Intensification under Climate Change
• Establishment of a series of nested multi-stakeholder
platforms from Woreda to Zone to Regional levels design
interventions from bottom up
• Action research to apply practical interventions at woreda
level that are designed to improve land and water
management integrated approaches
• Experimentation with developing capacity and incentive
structures at woreda level e.g new incentives for DA’s,
training on systems approaches, rewards for outcomes not
outputs
• Application of new planning and community engagement
tools e.g. planning simulation games at community level
30. Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture and
Forests in ‘Watershed Laboratory Sites’
With regard to the forestry sector, the GoE:
• Issued its Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) strategy in 2011
with a green growth development path. The CRGE calls for reducing
deforestation and managing forests and woodlands. It calls for
increasing production without necessarily expanding area.
• In Sept 2014, GoE pledged to rehabilitate 22 m ha of degraded lands
and forests (with ‘ex-closures’).
• The NEW Ministry of Environment and Forest is developing its plan
for GTP II, and is keen on achieving convergence with the targets for
the forestry sector set in the CRGE
What will be the implication of this to agriculture in
general and the livestock sub-sector in particular?
Can this rehabilitation challenge be turned to an
opportunity to intensify livestock farming?
31. Specific activities in ex-closures as
“Watershed Laboratory Sites”
• Characterize selected watershed ex-closures as “Laboratory Sites”
where area ex-closures with afforestation work are planned (in
terms of governance of access and use)
• Identify opportunities and constraints to achieve forestry and
agroforestry synergies with livestock to achieve both livestock and
forestry objectives at landscape level
• Identify and rank system-level intensification options that will
minimize trade-offs and maximize synergy between
forestry/agroforestry and agriculture/livestock objectives at
landscape level
• Ex-ante evaluation and on-site testing of selected options to
simultaneously achieve agriculture and forestry objectives using
participatory action research
32. Specific activities in ex-closures as “Watershed
Laboratory Sites” - cont’d
• Strengthen forestry-agriculture linkages by nurturing learning/innovation
platforms at different levels (from regional to local)
• Build capacity of frontline development practitioners, researchers, and local
community groups (women, youth, vulnerable, watershed committee, etc.) and
their institutions through tailored training and experience sharing
• Synthesize and share lessons on enabling conditions to sustaining impact and
scaling up of good practices to simultaneously achieve forestry/agroforestry and
agricultural/livestock objectives at landscape level.
33. Socioeconomics and Policy Research to
Support SI under Climate Change
• Understanding the current status of intensification and
sustainability of agriculture in Ethiopia
More in-depth analysis of the status of sustainable agricultural
intensification in the country with household surveys that have
been collected under the Agricultural Growth Program (AGP) and
the USAID Feed-the-Future (FtF) Program
• Farm-level economic analysis and climate change simulations
Study samples of typical Ethiopian farming households and
undertake economic analysis on how climate shocks will affect
them
Page 33
34. Policy Research to Support Sustainable
Intensification under Climate Change
• Economy-wide modeling
Based on Social Accounting Matrices (SAMs) and Computable
General Equilibrium (CGE) models, we can investigate how
climate change might affect Ethiopia’s economy and what the
impact will of possible mitigating policies
• Impact analysis of new technologies and policy change
Impact analysis at the farm level by using Randomized Control
Trials and/or analysis of impacts of policy changes; topics to be
defined
Page 34
35. Capacity Development
• Capacity Development efforts go far beyond the
transfer of knowledge and skills through
training, and cuts across multiple levels –
individual, organizational and institutional.
• Work in this area will follow the elements
highlighted in the Capacity Development
Framework for the 2nd round of CGIAR Research
Programs
• The focus will be on devising, adapting, and
applying systems, tools and guidelines for
benchmarking, reporting, disseminating, and
improving capacity development across the
project as a whole.
36. The CGIAR Capacity Development Framework for the 2nd
round of CGIAR Research Programs
• At its “heart” are the nine elements of
Capacity Development.
• Need to leap from individual learning to
demonstrating livelihood outcomes and
impacts through relevant science and
partnerships
• Effective assessment and strategy
formulation tailored to the cultural,
organizational and institutional contexts
• CapDev effective as a vehicle for
sustainable development if it is embedded
within Impact Pathways (IPs) of the project.
• NARS provide the unambiguous context
and strategic framework for its
implementation.
37. Required Program Investment
• Investments of about US$ 2M are being
undertaken to upgrade the research facilities and
general infrastructure on the Addis campus,
including in feed and genetics laboratories
• More investment will be needed in laboratories,
offices, housing, utilities, field sites, etc.
• Detailed costings are required but the capital
investment is likely to be about US$ 5M
• It is envisaged that the operating costs of the
program will be US$ 10M per year (US$ 50M
over the first 5-year phase)