Presented by Gebregziabher Gebreyohannes ((HE, Dr.) Minister for Livestock Resources Development) at the MOA/ILRI Livestock Master Plan Project Steering Committee Meeting, Addis Ababa, 5 December 2014
for more, http://www.extension.org/69093 Changes in precipitation and temperature vary by region. In general the US is seeing more precipitation and the timing and intensity of precipitation is also changing. While global temperatures are increasing, it is the variability and intensity of temperatures that are of greatest consequence to animal agriculture.
Livestock Master Plan (LMP): Roadmaps for the Ethiopia Growth and Transformat...ILRI
Presented by Barry Shapiro at the Rural Economic Development and Food Security Sector Working Group Broader Platform meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2 July 2015
Ethiopian Livestock Master Plan (LMP): Roadmaps for growth and transformation...ILRI
Poster prepared by Solomon Desta, Kidus Nigussie, and Barry Shapiro for the ILRI@40 Workshop, Addis Ababa, 7 November 2014
The Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) needs qualitative and fact-based livestock sector model and analysis to design a Livestock Master Plan (LMP) as part of the government’s wider growth and transformation plan II, covering the period 2015-2020.
Livestock and Climate Change - Tara Garnett, Food Climate Research Network, U...guycollender
During a workshop at the London International Development Centre on 12 June 2009, Tara Garnett gave an overview of livestock and contributions to climate-changing emissions.
Dairy production and related environmental issues in TanzaniaILRI
Presented by Robert Otsyina and D.G. Mlay at the CLEANED Project East Africa Stakeholder Consultation on Dairy and Environment Nairobi, Kenya, 18 September 2013
Priority areas of livestock sector for strengthening food and nutrition secur...ILRI
Presented by Tek B. Gurung and Bimal K. Nirmal at the Workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
for more, http://www.extension.org/69093 Changes in precipitation and temperature vary by region. In general the US is seeing more precipitation and the timing and intensity of precipitation is also changing. While global temperatures are increasing, it is the variability and intensity of temperatures that are of greatest consequence to animal agriculture.
Livestock Master Plan (LMP): Roadmaps for the Ethiopia Growth and Transformat...ILRI
Presented by Barry Shapiro at the Rural Economic Development and Food Security Sector Working Group Broader Platform meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2 July 2015
Ethiopian Livestock Master Plan (LMP): Roadmaps for growth and transformation...ILRI
Poster prepared by Solomon Desta, Kidus Nigussie, and Barry Shapiro for the ILRI@40 Workshop, Addis Ababa, 7 November 2014
The Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) needs qualitative and fact-based livestock sector model and analysis to design a Livestock Master Plan (LMP) as part of the government’s wider growth and transformation plan II, covering the period 2015-2020.
Livestock and Climate Change - Tara Garnett, Food Climate Research Network, U...guycollender
During a workshop at the London International Development Centre on 12 June 2009, Tara Garnett gave an overview of livestock and contributions to climate-changing emissions.
Dairy production and related environmental issues in TanzaniaILRI
Presented by Robert Otsyina and D.G. Mlay at the CLEANED Project East Africa Stakeholder Consultation on Dairy and Environment Nairobi, Kenya, 18 September 2013
Priority areas of livestock sector for strengthening food and nutrition secur...ILRI
Presented by Tek B. Gurung and Bimal K. Nirmal at the Workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
This Thematic Paper is part of a Toolkit for Project Design (Livestock Thematic Papers: Tools for Project Design) which reflects IFAD’s commitment to developing a sustainable livestock sector in which poor farmers and herders might have higher incomes, and better access to assets, services, technologies and markets.
The paper indents to be a practical tool for development practitioners, project designers and policymakers to define appropriate livestock development interventions. It also provides recommendations on critical issues for rural development and also possible responses and actions to encourage the socio-economic empowerment of poor livestock keepers.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
The purpose of this project is to help the government to prepare a comprehensive development strategy for agriculture based on an analysis of the policy sector situation and wide stakeholder consultation.
The project also aims to ensure the progress of peasants, farmers, and rural society.
Impacts of climate change on livestock sector and Kenya’s preparedness on the...ILRI
Presented by Robin M. Mbae (Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Kenya) at the Expert panel: Sustainable solutions for the livestock sector: the time is ripe! 10th Global Forum for Food and Agriculture, Berlin, 19 January 2018
Presentation by Mario Herrero, Philip Thornton and Iain Wright to Workshop on climate change vulnerability and adaptation in the livestock sector, Kathmandu, Nepal, 28-29 October 2010.
This Thematic Paper is part of a Toolkit for Project Design (Livestock Thematic Papers: Tools for Project Design) which reflects IFAD’s commitment to developing a sustainable livestock sector in which poor farmers and herders might have higher incomes, and better access to assets, services, technologies and markets.
The paper indents to be a practical tool for development practitioners, project designers and policymakers to define appropriate livestock development interventions. It also provides recommendations on critical issues for rural development and also possible responses and actions to encourage the socio-economic empowerment of poor livestock keepers.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Agricultural Transformation Agenda in GTP II
Presented by Dereje Biruk (ATA) at the Ethiopia - CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) Country Collaboration and Site Integration Meeting, Addis Ababa, 11 December 2015
Lecture 01 Introduction to Production EconomicsB SWAMINATHAN
For undergraduate agricultural students of the course ‘Ag. Econ. 6.4 Farm Management, Production, and Resource Economics (2+1)’ of Junagadh Agricultural University, Gujarat and other State Agricultural Universities in India.
Ruminant livestock production systems and imperatives for sustainable develop...ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Fiona Flintan, Jason Sircely, Cesar Patino, Mireille Ferrari and Susan MacMillan at the Joint XI International Rangeland Congress and XXIV International Grassland Congress, Nairobi, Kenya (virtual), 24–30 October 2021
Livestock marketing and supply chain management of livestock products ILRI
Presented by Steven J. Staal as a keynote address at the 74th Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, Maharashtra, India, 18-20 December 2014
The role of livestock in developing countries: Misperceptions, facts and cons...ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith at the Workshop on Extinction and Livestock: Moving to a Flourishing Food System for Wildlife, Farm Animals and Us, London, UK, 5-6 October 2017
Dairy farmers’ production systems worldwide need to be able to combine profitability with the responsibility of protecting human health, animal health, animal welfare and the environment.Dairy farmers, as the primary producers in the supply chain, should also be given the opportunity to add value to their product by adopting methods of production that satisfy the demands of processors and customers.
This Guide gives individual dairy farmers proactive guidance on how these objectives can be achieved on their farm. The Guide to good dairy farming practice has been written in a practical format for dairy farmers engaged in the production of milk from any dairy species. When adopted, it will support the production and marketing of safe, quality-assured milk and dairy products. The Guide focuses on the relationship between consumer safety and economic, social and environmental management at the farm level.
The Guide contains many individual practices that contribute to good dairy farming
practice, covering the key aspects of animal health, milk hygiene, nutrition, welfare, the
environment and socio-economic management.
These practices have been drawn from best practice guidelines and existing assurance
schemes around the world, and so individual practices will vary in their applicability to various dairying regions. They are not intended to be legally binding and readers are encouraged to select and implement those guidelines that are of relevance to their situation. As such, this Guide aims to provide a genuine framework for dairy farm assurance schemes to be developed globally, giving individual countries and dairy farmers the opportunity to develop schemes that are specific to their needs.
Elements of the Second Growth and Transformation Plan related to small rumina...ILRI
Presented by Workneh Ayalew (ATA) at the Ethiopia Small Ruminants Value Chain Strategy and Implementation Planning Workshop, Addis Ababa, 8-9 June 2015
This Thematic Paper is part of a Toolkit for Project Design (Livestock Thematic Papers: Tools for Project Design) which reflects IFAD’s commitment to developing a sustainable livestock sector in which poor farmers and herders might have higher incomes, and better access to assets, services, technologies and markets.
The paper indents to be a practical tool for development practitioners, project designers and policymakers to define appropriate livestock development interventions. It also provides recommendations on critical issues for rural development and also possible responses and actions to encourage the socio-economic empowerment of poor livestock keepers.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
The purpose of this project is to help the government to prepare a comprehensive development strategy for agriculture based on an analysis of the policy sector situation and wide stakeholder consultation.
The project also aims to ensure the progress of peasants, farmers, and rural society.
Impacts of climate change on livestock sector and Kenya’s preparedness on the...ILRI
Presented by Robin M. Mbae (Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Kenya) at the Expert panel: Sustainable solutions for the livestock sector: the time is ripe! 10th Global Forum for Food and Agriculture, Berlin, 19 January 2018
Presentation by Mario Herrero, Philip Thornton and Iain Wright to Workshop on climate change vulnerability and adaptation in the livestock sector, Kathmandu, Nepal, 28-29 October 2010.
This Thematic Paper is part of a Toolkit for Project Design (Livestock Thematic Papers: Tools for Project Design) which reflects IFAD’s commitment to developing a sustainable livestock sector in which poor farmers and herders might have higher incomes, and better access to assets, services, technologies and markets.
The paper indents to be a practical tool for development practitioners, project designers and policymakers to define appropriate livestock development interventions. It also provides recommendations on critical issues for rural development and also possible responses and actions to encourage the socio-economic empowerment of poor livestock keepers.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Agricultural Transformation Agenda in GTP II
Presented by Dereje Biruk (ATA) at the Ethiopia - CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) Country Collaboration and Site Integration Meeting, Addis Ababa, 11 December 2015
Lecture 01 Introduction to Production EconomicsB SWAMINATHAN
For undergraduate agricultural students of the course ‘Ag. Econ. 6.4 Farm Management, Production, and Resource Economics (2+1)’ of Junagadh Agricultural University, Gujarat and other State Agricultural Universities in India.
Ruminant livestock production systems and imperatives for sustainable develop...ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith, Fiona Flintan, Jason Sircely, Cesar Patino, Mireille Ferrari and Susan MacMillan at the Joint XI International Rangeland Congress and XXIV International Grassland Congress, Nairobi, Kenya (virtual), 24–30 October 2021
Livestock marketing and supply chain management of livestock products ILRI
Presented by Steven J. Staal as a keynote address at the 74th Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, Maharashtra, India, 18-20 December 2014
The role of livestock in developing countries: Misperceptions, facts and cons...ILRI
Presented by Jimmy Smith at the Workshop on Extinction and Livestock: Moving to a Flourishing Food System for Wildlife, Farm Animals and Us, London, UK, 5-6 October 2017
Dairy farmers’ production systems worldwide need to be able to combine profitability with the responsibility of protecting human health, animal health, animal welfare and the environment.Dairy farmers, as the primary producers in the supply chain, should also be given the opportunity to add value to their product by adopting methods of production that satisfy the demands of processors and customers.
This Guide gives individual dairy farmers proactive guidance on how these objectives can be achieved on their farm. The Guide to good dairy farming practice has been written in a practical format for dairy farmers engaged in the production of milk from any dairy species. When adopted, it will support the production and marketing of safe, quality-assured milk and dairy products. The Guide focuses on the relationship between consumer safety and economic, social and environmental management at the farm level.
The Guide contains many individual practices that contribute to good dairy farming
practice, covering the key aspects of animal health, milk hygiene, nutrition, welfare, the
environment and socio-economic management.
These practices have been drawn from best practice guidelines and existing assurance
schemes around the world, and so individual practices will vary in their applicability to various dairying regions. They are not intended to be legally binding and readers are encouraged to select and implement those guidelines that are of relevance to their situation. As such, this Guide aims to provide a genuine framework for dairy farm assurance schemes to be developed globally, giving individual countries and dairy farmers the opportunity to develop schemes that are specific to their needs.
Elements of the Second Growth and Transformation Plan related to small rumina...ILRI
Presented by Workneh Ayalew (ATA) at the Ethiopia Small Ruminants Value Chain Strategy and Implementation Planning Workshop, Addis Ababa, 8-9 June 2015
Tanzania Livestock Sector Analysis: Livestock Production & Household EconomyILRI
Presented by Stephen Michael, Francis Makhusaro and Solomon Desta at the Tanzania Livestock Master Plan Technical Committee Meeting, Dar es Salaam, 23 June 2016
Reconciling food production, forest conservation and landscape restoration in...IIED
This presentation by Phil Franks, senior researcher at the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), reviews the challenges and opportunities of reconciling food production, forest conservation and landscape restoration ambitions in Ethiopia.
It was prepared for the IIED-ICRAF Seminar ‘Rural land use in Ethiopia: towards increased productivity and climate change resilience’ held in London on 27 October 2016.
More details: http://www.iied.org/food-demand-forests-sub-saharan-africa
Gender in the light of customary norms and statutes : the Ghana experience i...IIED
A presentation by Saadia Bobtoya, project officer for IUCN Ghana, at a workshop held in Paris from Thursday, 3 December to Friday, 4 December during the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21).
The event organised by the International Institute for Environment and Development aimed to share the findings of its research to inform a wider debate on how REDD+ is contributing to addressing the drivers of land use and land use change.
The presentation focused on the Ghana experience in mainstreaming gender into REDD+.
More details: http://www.iied.org/redd-paris-what-could-be-it-for-people-forests
Assessing ex-ante impact of the complementary dairy improvement interventions...ILRI
Presented by Sirak Bahta, Kidus Nigussie, Getachew Gebru, Solomon Desta and Barry Shapiro at the Annual Conference of Association of Agricultural Economists of South Africa (AEASA), South Africa, 8-10 October 2019
Raising the visibility of livestock in African Policy DialogueILRI
Presented by Joseph Karugia, Coordinator, ReSAKSS-ECA at the Expert Writeshop to Finalize the Issues Paper: Raising The Visibility of Livestock in the CAADP Biennial Review Report, 9 December 2020
Presented by Tigabu Araya at the IPMS Workshop on Alternatives for Improving Field AI Delivery System to Enhance Beef and Dairy Production in Ethiopia, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 24-25 August 2011
East Africa Dairy Development in Tanzania—Cost of milk productionILRI
Presented by Baltazary, C., Kinuthia, E., Baltenweck, I. and Omondi, I. (ILRI) at the 6th Tanzania Dairy Development Forum Meeting, Njombe, Tanzania, 29 May 2016
National performance and plan for AI activities and servicesILRI
Presented by Demere F/Mariam at the IPMS Workshop on Alternatives for Improving Field AI Delivery System to Enhance Beef and Dairy Production in Ethiopia, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 24-25 August 2011
Artificial Insemination service provision started 19 years ago in Mekelle and Adigrat towns of Tigray region. Currently AI service is given by 70 AI technicians in 33 districts & town, at 52 breeding units and one farm (TDA farm).
Artificial Insemination service provision started 19 years ago in Mekelle and Adigrat towns of Tigray region. Currently AI service is given by 70 AI technicians in 33 districts & town, at 52 breeding units and one farm (TDA farm).
LMP process and its support for the incorporation of livestock in NAIPsILRI
Presented by Sirak Bahta during the second consultative workshop on “Supporting Member States to incorporate Livestock in their NAIPS”, Accra, Ghana, 10-12 March 2020
National Artificial Insemination Center (NAIC) of Ethiopia was established in 1981 with the objective of improving the milk productivity of the local cattle breeds,
Application of the principles of Sustainable Intensification (SI) on smallhol...ILRI
Presented by G.J. Manyawu, P. Thorne, S. Moyo, A. Omore, B. Lukuyu, H. Katjiuongua, I. Wright and I. Chakoma at the 9th African Dairy Conference and Exhibition Harare, Zimbabwe, 24-26 September 2013
Better lives through livestock: ILRI in SADC Region ILRI
Presented by Amos Omore and Sikhalazo Dube at the Virtual Food Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANR) / International Cooperating Partner (ICP) Group Meeting on Agriculture and Food Security. Gaborone, Botswana, 7 October 2020.
Similar to Livestock Master Plan: Roadmaps for Growth and Transformation (2015-2020) (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate Pathway
Livestock Master Plan: Roadmaps for Growth and Transformation (2015-2020)
1. Livestock Master Plan: Roadmaps for Growth
and Transformation (2015-2020)
Gebregziabher Gebreyohannes (HE, Dr.)
Minister for Livestock Resources Development
MOA/ILRI Livestock Master Plan Project Steering Committee
Meeting, Addis Ababa, 5 December 2014
2. Rationale for the LMP
• Livestock sector development has been a priority in all Government of
Ethiopia (GOE) plans for the last two decades
• Livestock is a priority in the current Growth and Transformation Plan I (GTP
I), running thru 2015
• GOE understands the need for greater funding of the development of the
sector to realize its full potential
• There has been no clear strategy and action plan for the development of the
livestock sector -- what could be achieved over the medium-term (5 years)
and long-term (15 to 20 years)
• Ethiopia made several attempts to develop a Livestock Master Plan (LMP).
This current effort began in 2013 with the use of LSIPT – Livestock Sector
Investment and Policy Toolkit
• This effort was successful due to strong support from the Livestock State
Ministry
3. The process of creating the LSA & LMP
• Accomplishing the livestock sector analysis (LSA) required that an
appropriate analytical tool be identified to develop the LMP, and then
learning how to use these tools.
• The LMP team, made up of MOA and ILRI staff, identified the Livestock
Sector Investment and Policy Toolkit (LSIPT) as an appropriate set of tools
to carry out the sector analysis for the LMP
• LSIPT came at the right time for Ethiopia – when a Livestock State Ministry
(LSM) was created and a Livestock State Minister appointed
• The LSM needed to set targets and develop a livestock plan for the
Growth & Transformation Plan II (GTP II)
• A Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) was set up by the Livestock State
Minister and the TAC met regularly to give advice on the project activities
and outputs and oversee progress
4. The process of creating the LMP (cont’d)
• Development of the Ethiopia LMP has been a consultative process of
getting expert advice and stakeholder buy-in and ownership –
ensure agreement on approach, data, parameters, and results
• 3 major production typology zones and 40 production systems (to
ensure poverty reduction) were agreed upon with the Ministry of
Agriculture
• Over 30 specialists were consulted on data and parameters for
livestock commodities, value chains and cross-cutting issues
• Based on expert experience and available literature, the key
livestock performance parameters were collected
• A comprehensive national data base and baseline (depicting the
current situation) were thus established for livestock planning
• The analyses covered 6 value chains , and 4 cross-cutting issues
6. Production and productivity
parameters of cattle by production zone
Lowland Grazing (LG) Mixed Rainfall
Deficient Sufficient
(MRD)
Mixed Rainfall
Sufficient (MRS)
Lowland Grazing (LG)
Dairy Specialized
AP PS PM S M S M S M
Herd size
9 7 18 2 6 3 9 5 100
56 56 58 57 58 60 65 85 90
Parturition rate (%) 14 12 10 11 12 12 8 8 5
Mortality rate
female calves (%)
6 7 6 7 7 7 6 1 1
Mortality rate
female sub adults
(%)
4 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 3
Mortality rate
Female adult (%)
15 16 16 12 16 15 10 6 6
Mortality rate male
calves (%)
9 12 12 8 8 8 6 1 1
Mortality rate male
sub adults (%)
7 9 9 5 6 4 4 3 3
Mortality rate male
adults (%)
11.5 10.9 11.9 11.9 11.4 11.5 10.2 32.6 35.5
Herd size
0.3 0.2 1.5 0.0 1.0 1.9 5.0 8.4 6.0
LSIPT application
process ….
7. MOA livestock production zones and sub-
zones in Ethiopia
Livestock Production System
Lowland Grazing (LG-L) Highland Mixed (MR-H)
LGAP LGP HMR-MD Medium
Small
C C
C-F
Specialized (SP)
C: Cattle
Cam: Camel
S: Sheep
S-F: Sheep fattening
Be: Bees
G:Goats
EQ: Equines
D: Dairy
C-F: Cattle
fattening
P: Backyard
Poultry
L: Layers
Br: Broilers
S
Small
L
Br
Be
MediumSmallMedium
D
C
G
HMR-MS
Small
S
CC
S
Cam
Cam
C
Small
S
Cam
G G
G
S
G
S
C-F
D
S-F
P
P
Be
P P
Be Be
P
Be
Be
P
Be
LSIPT application
process ….
8. How LSIPT analysis was used to do the
Ethiopia Sector Analysis
Livestock Sector Model
• The data and parameters were presented to the directors of the 3
MOA Livestock Sector Ministry (LSM) departments (Animal Health;
Production and Feed; and Pastoralism) for verification
• Also carried out regular communication with the livestock experts
to review the production parameters
• The LMP team (MOA and ILRI specialists) entered the “best bet”
data in the LSIPT Excel modules, and counter-checked data
reliability on the basis of past performance and analytical results
obtained
• Results were periodically presented to the TAC and the LSM for
comments. Assistance and guidance from the LSM and TAC was
regular and continuous. Periodic re-analysis and revision of results
was done based on LSM and TAC feedback
9. What does LSA mean for the development of
the sector?
• LSA is a living document that guides:
–Livestock sector development for the
coming 15 years and beyond
–Basis for setting targets for GTP II and
future 5-year plans
–Foundation for the LMP
10. Framework of the LMP roadmaps -- based
on LSA results
• Baseline for 2015
• 5-year GTP II development targets (2015-2020)
• Challenges and strategies
• Ex-ante testing of LMP interventions to achieve targets
• Investment requirements (policies and intervantions)
• LMP impacts – Return on Investment (ROI), GDP,
production-consumption balance
• Activities timeline and sequencing
• Complimentary interventions and success
requirements
11. LMP major Outcomes
• Built the livestock sector data base, baseline situation and projections
• Results from the LSA include production, technological performance
of the sector, its contribution to the household and national
economy, current status (2013), future potential (2028) to reduce
poverty, and economic growth
• Analysis of value chain development and its contribution to GDP
• Technology and investment analysis (IRR, NPV) for different scenarios
• Analysis of cross-cutting issues (Feed, Health, Genetics, Policy)
• Analysis of institutional and policy constraints and solutions
• GTP II (2016-2020) projections and targets
• Created the foundation for institutionalization of the planning
capacity of the Livestock State Ministry (LSM)
12. Key LMP Interventions – Red Meat/Milk
• Health – Rationalize public and private veterinary services, with
privatization wherever if is feasible
• Health -- Increase productivity of local breed animals in all
production typology zones through health interventions to reduce
young and adult stock mortality (YASM), treat other critical diseases
like FMD (through vaccinations), and parasite control (endo and
ecto-parasites)
• Feed – Improve grazing lands (both pasture (LG) and range(MRS &
MRD)) for more and better feed production
• Feed – Policy changes to make land available for investors for
forage seed and forage production, and promote production of
supplemental concentrates by flour and oil mills
• Support exports through promotion activities, animal identification
and traceability, export quarantine stations, disease surveillance,
export abattoir monitoring, etc.
13. The Six Key LMP Commodity Value Chains
and cross-cutting activities
Cow dairy
1.Improved Family Dairy systems (IFD) in MRS and MRD dairy belts
(peri-urban)
2.Specialized Dairy Production (SP Dairy)
Red meat (and milk) from cattle, sheep, goats and camels
3. Improved Traditional Red Meat-Milk (ITMM) systems in all
production zones (MRS, MRD and LG)
4. Specialized Beef Cattle Feedlots (SPF)
Poultry
•Improved Family Poultry (IFP) in all production zones (MRS, MRD and
LG Agro-pastoral)
•Specialized Poultry (SPP) – Broilers and Layers
Cross-cutting activities within each value chain
3.Animal Health
4.Animal Feed
5.Animal Genetics
6.Policy
14. Interventions
• Crossbreeding (AI
with synchronization
• Contracting out
forage production
• Rationalization of
public privet vet
service
• Reduce YASM
(vaccine and parasite
control)
• Improve pasture and
range land
productivity
• Support expansion
of commercial dairy
• Promote concentrate
production (flour
and oil mills)
• Promote dairy
processing
Total
investment
(in MRS)
• 146 m ETB =
Improving the
capacity of AI centers
and services, training
of AI technicians
• 214 = Reduce YASM
• 252 m ETB = Pasture
land improvement
• 215 m ETB for forage
production and trade
promotion
• 250 m ETB for wheat
flour mill
establishment
• 760 m ETB for
establishment of milk
processing plant
Outcomes
(production,
GDP
contribution)
• 93% increase
in milk
production (4
B to 7.9 B
liters)
• Cow milk GDP
contribution
increased from
28 B to 52.9 B
ETB.
• 2.5 B liter
surplus
Investment
returns
•IRR in MRS =
24-33% in
•IRR for
investment in
commercial
dairy = 29-
43%
•IRR in MRD =
1% (<10%)
Priorities
• Breed
improvement
in MRS was
recommended
but not in
MRD, except
in peri-urban
areas and dairy
belts
Cow dairy
15. Impacts of Investments in Improved Family Dairy (IFD) in MRS
and Specialized Dairy (SPD):
Internal Rates of Return (IRR) over 20-Years , 2013-2028
33
24
0
10
20
30
20-YearIRR(%)
Small Medium
Panel A: Improved Family Dairy
29
43
0
10
20
30
40
Small Medium
Panel B: Specialized Dairy
16. In MRD, AI & Synch
worked in per-urban
areas and milk sheds
In MRS AI & Synch
works everywhere
•IRR =33%
•Milk production
increases 8 times
•GDP contribution
increases 10 times
Impacts at national and regional levels of AI &
Synchronization
In LG, AI & Synch
Not tested for
breed
improvement
Overall AI & Synch Results:
•93% increase in national milk
production (4 B to 7.9 B liters)
•Cow milk contribution to GDP
increases from 28 B to 52.9 B ETB.
•2.5 B liter surplus
17. Similar results for red meat and poultry
y:
• Red meat (and milk) from cattle, sheep, goat and
camel
– Improved Traditional Red Meat-Milk (ITMM) very
profitable in all production zones (MRS, MRD and LG)
– Specialized Beef Cattle Feedlots (SPF) very profitable
• Poultry
– Improved Family Poultry (IFP) very profitable in ALL
production zones (MRS, MRD, LG Agro-pastoral)
– Specialized Poultry (SPP) very profitable – Broilers and
Layers
18. Impacts of Investments in Improved Traditional Red
Meat/Milk Production (ITMM): Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
over 20-Years, 2013-2028
17
38
23
0
10
20
30
40
20-YearIRR(%)
MRS MRD LG
Note: 10% discount rate was used. Based on LSA results.
19. Impacts of Investments in Specialized Cattle Feedlot (SPF):
Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), 2013-2028
9.0
1.3
0
2
4
6
8
10
20-YearBenefitCostRatio
Small Medium
20. Impacts of Investments in Improved Family Poultry (IFP),
Specialized Poultry (SPP-Broilers and Layers): 20-Year Benefit
Cost Ratio (BCR), 2013-2028
10.5
1.54 1.68
0
2
4
6
8
10
20-YearBCR
IFP SPP-Broiler SPP-Layer
21. LSIPT results changed MoA opinion on domestic and
export potential of livestock & products
Panel A: Red meat
C
PWO
PW
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2013 2018 2023 2028
Panel B: Chicken meat
PW
C
PWO
0
200
400
600
2013 2018 2023 2028
Panel C: All meat
PWO
PW
C
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2013 2018 2023 2028
Panel D: All milk
PWO
C
PW
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
2013 2018 2023 2028
Panel E: Eggs
PW
C
PWO0
5000
10000
15000
2013 2018 2023 2028
Source: Based on LSIPT results.
Consumption
Production with intervention
Production without interventiion
Legend:
PW=
C=
PWO=
Production-Consumption
Balance
22. GDP contribution from LMP interventions for
milk, red meat, and chicken meat and eggs
(2020)
74,064
82,489
10,054
5,577
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
Red meat (ETB
million)
All milk (ETB
million)
Egg (ETB million) Chicken meat (ETB
million)
23. Public and Private investment shares by major value chains
(ETB Millions)
24. What do LSA/LMP results mean for the GTP II
Government livestock development policy goals need to avoid
significant trade-offs:
•If invest in all LMP interventions GOE can eliminate poverty in
25% of livestock keeping households (>11 million people)
•Focus on poultry development to achieve better food security,
enable red meat exports, and lower GHG emissions
•Combination of cattle and poultry can lower domestic meat
prices, while increasing exports and foreign exchange earnings
•Focus on dairy development to achieve food security in domestic
markets and also increase export earnings
25. What LSA/LMP results mean for the PRIVATE
SECTOR role in GTP II
In conclusion, success in these interventions during GTP II will
require full participation of the private sector:
•Value adding processing by Private Sector crucial for success
•Need to attract and enable very substantial private investment
in livestock product production and processing.
•Need dramatic improvement of the investment environment
(far less bureaucracy in setting up all types and aspects of
businesses).
•Need far more attractive incentives private investment --
subsidized land leasing rates, low interest loans, tax holidays
26. MoA Reaction
• The Agriculture Minister said “GOE will adopt and
implement the LMP
• Livestock State Ministry owns the LSA, GTP II and
LMP developed using LSIPT
• Results taken as realistic, fact-based to inform
investment decisions (based on GOE criteria: poverty
reduction, food and nutrition security, or economic
growth, or combination of all)
• Committed to expand the use of the tool in academy
and research
27. Other benefits of LSIPT and LMP
• Baseline data established
– Livestock national herd numbers and infrastructure
– Livestock production parameters, and VC analysis
– Livestock contribution of GDP and poverty
reduction
– Present policies, strategies and legislations
– Consensus on production and VC parameters
reached among experts
• Traceable results and methodology
28. LMP Research Priorities
Priority research areas to implement the LMP include:
• Selection to improve indigenous red meat animals and on-farm
record keeping
• Better cross-breeding of dairy cattle and small ruminants
• Improved family poultry and camel improvement, and how to
manage/improve rangelands in pastoral areas
• Developing new poultry lines using indigenous and exotic breeds
• Reduction in animal traction and mechanization
• Ensuring that research has impact - learning how to scale up
technologies
• Impact assessment to support better policy decisions
• Improving seed and feed options for livestock producers
• How to improve livestock and livelihoods data, esp. in pastoral areas