The document discusses strategies for promoting climate-smart agriculture (CSA) techniques to strengthen the resilience of small farmers in Niger's Tahoua region. It recommends aligning CSA efforts with Niger's existing Integrated 3N Initiative programs and institutions to leverage existing initiatives and stakeholder engagement. Specifically, it suggests establishing "climate smart villages" as demonstration sites where all stakeholders coordinate to test promising CSA practices. The goal is to systematically scale up CSA in Tahoua by building on Niger's policy framework and leveraging coordinated efforts across sectors and levels to improve productivity, adaptation and food security under climate change.

1. Strengthening the resilience of small farmers through Climate
Smart Agriculture (PRP-AIC) techniques in the Tahoua Region
Larwanou Mahamane
National Climate smart agriculture expert

2. ToRs National Climate Smart Agriculture Expert
• 1) Prepare a technical inception report and
contribute to the Inception Report and support
the presentation and discussion during the
inception workshop
• 2) Preparatory Technical Studies and Reviews
(Component A): Provide inputs and conduct the
required analyses/studies with regards to CSA
and the formulation of the Outcome 2 “Climate-
smart agriculture techniques are promoted and
reduce the vulnerability of smallholder farmers
to climate”, following the guidance provided by
the PPG Team Leader. The report should include
at least:
• a. Baseline/situational analysis of the rural
development in the region of Tahoua for the full-
size project (FSP);
• conduct stakeholder consultations and
participate to the stakeholder analysis;
• introduce the results of the gender analysis in
the design of the proposed rural development
activities;
• d. Provide inputs to and integrate
recommendations from the UNDP Social and
Environmental Screening Procedure (SESP) in the
technical report;
• e.Support the identification of the project sites;
• f.Support the completion of any additional
studies;
• g. Support the Team Leader on the studies
review / validation workshop.

3. • 3) Formulation of the Project Document, CEO Endorsement
Request and Mandatory and Project Specific Annexes (Component B):
Prepare inputs and support the development of final PPG
deliverables, as agreed with the PPG Team Leader.
• 4) Validation Workshop (Component C):
• a. Contribute to the validation workshop; and
• b. Support all necessary revisions that arise during the workshop,
as appropriate.

4. Presentation outline
• 1. Introduction - National context
• 2. Definition
• 3. CSA and 3iN pillars– building block
• 4. Five key guiding principles of i3N
• 5. CSA principles
• 6. Promising CSA interventions in Tahoua region
• 7. Examples of existing and on going work on CSA in Tahoua
• 8. What could be the best strategy to upscale CSA in Tahoua?
• 9. Climate smart village – a good model to promote CSA in Tahoua
• 10. Conclusion

5. 1. Introduction - National context
• Area: 1,267,000 km² of which only 12% is devoted to agricultural
activities.
• Population: About 18.5 million inhabitants
• More than 75% of the territory receives less than 300 mm and 1%
records more than 600 mm of rain per year.
• About 80% of its population lives in a strip of land 200 km wide and about
1500 km long.
• It is a young population (half to less than 15 years old)
• A population growth rate of 3.9%.
• National economy is dominated by primary sector (45,2% of the GDP in
2010) ;

6. Nat’al context cont.
• A lean secondary sector ((11,4% of the GDP in 2010);
• Primary sector is mainly agropastoral and plays a key role in
economic growth;
• Between 2006 and 2010, the primary sector showed an increase of
25% against 20% for all the sectors;
• Agropastoral activities are sensitive to risks of various origins:
climatic, ecological, ecomomic and social;
• Unability to meet the necessary food for the people;
• Vulnerability to food insecurity originating from recurrent cereal
and fodder deficit, inappropriate feeding behavior and the
structural poverty of some social groups.

7. Challenges
• Population pressure;
• Adaptation to climate change;
• Increase of livestock vs. fodder scarcity;
Opportunities
• Lands for intensive production systems especially for irrigation;
• An impressive livestock which can be better valued;
• Competitive goods, etc.
Constraints
The objective constraints to the transformations we want are mainly : the
weakness of the provisionning systems of fertilisers and other inputs as
well as support to farmers, the competition among the production
systems (agriculture/livestock) and limited financial resources.

8. 2. Definition (CCAFS)
• Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) may be defined as an approach for
transforming and reorienting agricultural development under the
new realities of climate change (Lipper et al. 2014).
• FAO defines CSA as “agriculture that sustainably increases
productivity, enhances resilience (adaptation),
reduces/removes GHGs (mitigation) where possible, and
enhances achievement of national food security and
development goals”.
• In this definition, the principal goal of CSA is identified as food
security and development (FAO 2013a; 2 Lipper et al. 2014 1);
while productivity, adaptation, and mitigation are identified as the
three interlinked pillars necessary for achieving this goal.

9. 3. CSA and 3iN pillars– building block
In principle, CSA and 3iN share similar goal,
objectives and principles of implementation

10. CSA pillars
1. Productivity: CSA aims to sustainably increase agricultural productivity and incomes from
crops, livestock and fish, without having a negative impact on the environment
2. Adaptation: CSA aims to reduce the exposure of farmers to short-term risks, while also
strengthening their resilience by building their capacity to adapt and prosper in the face of shocks
and longer-term stresses.
3. Mitigation: Wherever and whenever possible, CSA should help to reduce and/or remove
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
6 key characteristics

11. i3N pillars
1: Increase and diversification of agro-sylvo-pastoral and halieutic
productions
2. Regular supply of rural and urban markets in agricultural and agri-
food products
3. Improving people's resilience to climate change, crises and disasters
4. Improving the nutritional status of Nigeriens
5. Animation and Coordination of the I3N
12 operational programs and an institutional set-up whose main characteristics are inclusiveness,
co-responsibility, consultation and permanent dialogue

12. sustainability
of the
productive
base
concentratio
n of actions
and support
at all levels
gender and
specific
groups into
account in
all actions
mobilization
and
empowerme
nt of all
stakeholder
targeting to
optimize
investments
4. Five key guiding principles of i3N

13. 5. CSA principles
In line with national policies
CSA should take into account
national development priorities and
the local context.
CSA needs coordination across
agricultural sub-sectors (crop
production, livestock, forestry and
fisheries) and energy and water
sectors
touches the multiple levels and
scales of production (from the farm
to the landscape, along the value
chain, from local to global, from
short to long term)
CSA aims to promote synergies
between elements of the
production system, objectives and
multiple results that are specific to
the local context.
CSA

14. 6. Promising CSA interventions in Tahoua
region
• Soil fertility management
• Diversification systems
• Agricultural intensification
• Conservation agriculture
• Use of water stress tolerant crop varieties
• Development and use of improved varieties
• Irrigation systems
• Forestry and agroforestry
• Land rehabilitation through soil and water conservation techniques
• Fodder banks
• Livestock production

15. 7. Examples of existing and on going work on CSA in
Niger

16. Water and Soil Conservation-Soil Defense and Restoration (CES/DRS)
• Stone strings
• Diguettes
• Zai or Tassa
• Half moon
• Glacis bench
• Fixation of the dunes

17. Reforestation
- Improved weed control
- Creation and management
of village nurseries
- Assisted natural
regeneration
Gestion de la fertilité des sols
- Utilisation des micro-doses d’engrais
- Gestion intégrée de la fertilité des sols (utilisation des engrais,
intrants organiques, pratiques locales)
- Utilisation du fumier et du compost
Agriculture de
conservation
Le Paillage
Les cultures intercalaires
La rotation des cultures
Système de diversification
- Approches systèmes pour récupérer les terres dégradées et
l’autonomisation des femmes
- Approches systèmes pour augmenter la production agricole et
réduire l’érosion des sols
- Petite irrigation à grande échelle pour la production des légumes
Développement et utilisation des variétés améliorées et variétés tolérantes au stress hydrique
- Variétés tolérantes au stress thermique
- Variétés à maturation précoce
- Variétés tolérantes aux maladies

19. Improved soil fertility and
an increase in fodder production

20. FODDER IS LESS A
CONSTRAINT AND LIVESTOCK
DEPENDS 6 MONTHS/YEAR ON
TREES

21. 8. What could be the best strategy
to upscale CSA in Tahoua region?
Alignment with the 12 i3N operational programmes and institutional
arrangement which is inclusive, co-responsible, concerting and
permanent dialogues

22. What is the comparative advantage
of this alignment in scaling up CSA?
• 1. build on existing initiatives, plans and programmes;
• 2. open ground and easy of access;
• 3. legal, administrative policy and institutional set-up already in place;
• 4. existing channels can be used;
• 5. all the champions of change are already on board – government,
communes, extension agents, researchers, NGOs, local communities,
etc

23. We should not start from the scratch
Other stakeholders are already on the ground implementing programmes and
projects
• There is already a national alliance on CSA of 7 institutions – timid and without
enough resources and institutional anchoring.
• This should be strengthened and enlarged with other projects, NGOs (national
and international), research institutions (national and international), link with
similar initiatives at sub-regional, regional and international levels
Bonne coordination

24. - --More importantly---
• Support from national government in providing:
- institutional anchorage, financial support and official lobbying to
bilateral and multilateral partners.
- Enacting a national policy on CSA;
- Institute to all projects and programmes to include CSA in their
interventions and fund the same.
Better coordination

25. 9. Climate smart village – a good
model to promote
• Bringing all promising technologies and best bet practices in one basket
including climate information systems to guide decision making – a basket
of change
• A village – as an experimental site where all stakeholders concentrate,
intervene, and play their key roles with clear responsibilities;
• Allowing room for adjustment
• Adopting the principle of knowing by doing – research interventions

26. Research to fill gaps in knowledge
• Multiple impacts of land
restoration in the region and
beyond
• Costs and benefits
• Winners and losers
• Expand the scale of land
restoration successes.
• We know how to do it.
• Let’s act !!
To up scale CSA in order to ensure the
productivity of the production systems and at
the same time the resilience of small scale
farmers to mitigate the impacts of climate
change

27. Conclusion
• Due to rapid population growth, and Niger's limited potential for
agricultural expansion, there is a significant risk of over-exploitation
of already limited agricultural resources.
• The proposed methodology will use the already existing potential
and mechanisms to scale up CSA in Tahoua region
• The challenge now is to promote a broad adoption of climate-smart
agricultural interventions in Tahoua region of sustainable production
systems.

28. I thank you for your attention