This document discusses various causes of neonatal respiratory distress categorized by site of obstruction: nasal, oro/hypopharyngeal, supraglottic, glottic, subglottic, and tracheobronchial. For each site, potential differential diagnoses are provided along with key diagnostic features. Common etiologies discussed in more depth include laryngomalacia, congenital bilateral vocal cord paralysis, subglottic hemangioma, and vascular compressions from anomalies like double aortic arch. Treatment approaches are also summarized for various conditions.