This document discusses full wave rectifiers. A full wave rectifier converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) by using diodes to allow current to flow through the load in one direction for both half cycles of the input AC. There are two main types of full wave rectifiers: the center tap full wave rectifier, which uses two diodes and a center tap transformer, and the full wave bridge rectifier, which uses four diodes without a center tap transformer. The full wave bridge rectifier has the advantages of not requiring a center tap and having a lower peak inverse voltage across the diodes, but it uses four diodes instead of two.
This document describes an electronics lab experiment on implementing a half wave rectifier using a diode. The objectives are to build a half wave rectifier circuit using a diode, load resistance, capacitor, oscilloscope and signal generator. The procedure instructs how to connect the components, observe the rectified output on an oscilloscope, and measure input and output voltages with and without the capacitor. A lab report is required with the circuit diagram, procedure, measurements, equipment list, and expected output graph.
This document discusses a bridge rectifier, which is a circuit that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). A bridge rectifier uses four diodes in a bridge configuration to provide full-wave rectification. It explains that during the positive half cycle of the AC input, diodes D1 and D2 are forward biased and conduct, while D3 and D4 are reverse biased. During the negative half cycle, D3 and D4 conduct and D1 and D2 are reverse biased. The output is pulsating DC that contains both AC and DC components. A filter capacitor is used to smooth the output by blocking the AC components and producing pure DC.
This document discusses full wave rectifier circuits. It defines a full wave rectifier as a circuit that converts AC voltage to pulsating DC voltage using both half cycles of the input voltage. It then describes two types of full wave rectifiers: 1) a center tapped full wave rectifier that uses two diodes connected to the center tapped secondary winding of a transformer, and 2) a full wave bridge rectifier that uses four diodes arranged in a bridge configuration without needing a center tapped transformer. The document concludes by stating that a full wave rectifier allows for almost all incoming AC power to be converted to DC.
Full Wave Rectifier Circuit Working and Theoryelprocus
Know about Full wave rectifier circuit working and theory. It is uses two diodes to produces the
entire waveform both positive and negative half-cycles. The full-wave rectifier allows us to convert
almost all the incoming AC power to DC.
A bridge rectifier circuit converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) using four diodes arranged in a bridge configuration. It consists of a transformer, diode bridge, filter, and regulator. The transformer steps down the AC voltage, then the diode bridge rectifies it to produce pulsating DC, which is filtered by a capacitor to produce smooth DC that can power electronics. Bridge rectifiers are classified as single or three phase, and uncontrolled or controlled based on the input phase and whether devices like thyristors can vary the output. Their main applications include power supplies, radio signal detection, and welding equipment.
This document describes a study of single full wave controlled rectifiers using thyristors with a resistive load. It discusses the experimental setup using various equipment to observe the output voltage waveforms. The key findings are:
1) The output voltage varies with the firing angle α, providing control of the DC voltage between 0° and 180°.
2) A full wave rectifier using two thyristors provides greater output than a half wave rectifier using a single thyristor.
3) Waveforms were observed on an oscilloscope to analyze the relationship between output voltage, current, and firing angle.
This document discusses full wave rectifiers. A full wave rectifier converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) by using diodes to allow current to flow through the load in one direction for both half cycles of the input AC. There are two main types of full wave rectifiers: the center tap full wave rectifier, which uses two diodes and a center tap transformer, and the full wave bridge rectifier, which uses four diodes without a center tap transformer. The full wave bridge rectifier has the advantages of not requiring a center tap and having a lower peak inverse voltage across the diodes, but it uses four diodes instead of two.
This document describes an electronics lab experiment on implementing a half wave rectifier using a diode. The objectives are to build a half wave rectifier circuit using a diode, load resistance, capacitor, oscilloscope and signal generator. The procedure instructs how to connect the components, observe the rectified output on an oscilloscope, and measure input and output voltages with and without the capacitor. A lab report is required with the circuit diagram, procedure, measurements, equipment list, and expected output graph.
This document discusses a bridge rectifier, which is a circuit that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). A bridge rectifier uses four diodes in a bridge configuration to provide full-wave rectification. It explains that during the positive half cycle of the AC input, diodes D1 and D2 are forward biased and conduct, while D3 and D4 are reverse biased. During the negative half cycle, D3 and D4 conduct and D1 and D2 are reverse biased. The output is pulsating DC that contains both AC and DC components. A filter capacitor is used to smooth the output by blocking the AC components and producing pure DC.
This document discusses full wave rectifier circuits. It defines a full wave rectifier as a circuit that converts AC voltage to pulsating DC voltage using both half cycles of the input voltage. It then describes two types of full wave rectifiers: 1) a center tapped full wave rectifier that uses two diodes connected to the center tapped secondary winding of a transformer, and 2) a full wave bridge rectifier that uses four diodes arranged in a bridge configuration without needing a center tapped transformer. The document concludes by stating that a full wave rectifier allows for almost all incoming AC power to be converted to DC.
Full Wave Rectifier Circuit Working and Theoryelprocus
Know about Full wave rectifier circuit working and theory. It is uses two diodes to produces the
entire waveform both positive and negative half-cycles. The full-wave rectifier allows us to convert
almost all the incoming AC power to DC.
A bridge rectifier circuit converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) using four diodes arranged in a bridge configuration. It consists of a transformer, diode bridge, filter, and regulator. The transformer steps down the AC voltage, then the diode bridge rectifies it to produce pulsating DC, which is filtered by a capacitor to produce smooth DC that can power electronics. Bridge rectifiers are classified as single or three phase, and uncontrolled or controlled based on the input phase and whether devices like thyristors can vary the output. Their main applications include power supplies, radio signal detection, and welding equipment.
This document describes a study of single full wave controlled rectifiers using thyristors with a resistive load. It discusses the experimental setup using various equipment to observe the output voltage waveforms. The key findings are:
1) The output voltage varies with the firing angle α, providing control of the DC voltage between 0° and 180°.
2) A full wave rectifier using two thyristors provides greater output than a half wave rectifier using a single thyristor.
3) Waveforms were observed on an oscilloscope to analyze the relationship between output voltage, current, and firing angle.
A bridge rectifier circuit converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) using four diodes arranged in a bridge configuration. It works like a Wheatstone bridge but does not require a center-tapped transformer. The voltage drop is double that of a single diode rectifier due to the use of two additional diodes. A bridge rectifier takes a time-varying alternating voltage and produces a unidirectional pulsating DC voltage.
Full Wave Bridge Rectifier simulation (with/without filter capacitor)Jaspreet Singh
1) The document describes a full wave bridge rectifier circuit with and without a filter capacitor.
2) It explains how the circuit works by using 4 diodes to convert an AC input voltage into a DC output voltage that only contains the positive half of the sinusoidal wave.
3) The summary compares the results with and without a filter capacitor, noting that the capacitor reduces the ripple in the output when used.
Half wave Rectifier & Full wave Rectifier with their descriptions.Deepanjana Paul
This document summarizes half wave and full wave rectifiers. It describes that a rectifier converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) through a process called rectification. There are two main types - half wave and full wave rectifiers. A half wave rectifier only conducts during the positive half cycle of the input AC signal, while a full wave rectifier conducts during both half cycles using two diodes or a diode bridge. Full wave rectifiers have higher efficiency and output than half wave rectifiers but require more diodes. The document provides circuit diagrams and explanations of operation for both half wave and full wave rectifier configurations.
This document discusses various rectifier circuits including half wave, full wave, center tap, and bridge rectifiers. It provides details on their circuit diagrams, operation, waveforms, parameters like ripple factor, efficiency, peak inverse voltage, advantages and disadvantages. Half wave rectifiers are shown to have high ripple factor and low efficiency while bridge rectifiers have advantages of not requiring a center tap transformer and using lower voltage diodes.
Rectification is the process of converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) using rectifier circuits. There are two main types of rectifiers: half-wave and full-wave. A half-wave rectifier uses a single diode to pass only the positive half of the AC waveform, resulting in a DC output that fluctuates between 0V and the peak voltage. A full-wave rectifier uses four diodes in a bridge configuration to rectify both the positive and negative halves of the AC waveform, producing a fuller DC output.
This document discusses different types of rectifiers used in particle accelerators to convert alternating current to direct current needed to power electromagnets. It describes half-wave rectifiers, which use a single diode and only conduct during one half of the AC cycle, producing low power output. Full-wave rectifiers, including center-tapped and bridge configurations, use two or four diodes respectively to conduct on both halves of the AC cycle, doubling the output power compared to half-wave rectifiers. The document provides details on the operation, advantages, and disadvantages of these various rectifier topologies.
Rectification converts alternating current to direct current using a diode that only allows current to flow in one direction. There are two main types of rectification: half-wave and full-wave. Half-wave only uses half of the AC cycle, while full-wave is more efficient by using the entire AC cycle. Filters are used to separate frequencies, with low-pass filters allowing low frequencies and blocking high frequencies, while high-pass filters do the opposite.
This document summarizes a presentation on a three phase fully controlled rectifier. It introduces the topic, outlines the objectives to design and fabricate the rectifier and its control unit. It describes applications of three phase rectifiers such as DC motor speed control and battery charging. Block diagrams and circuit diagrams are shown to illustrate the design.
Rectifier types were presented including half wave, full wave, and bridge rectifiers. Half wave rectifiers only pass one half of the AC wave while full wave rectifiers pass both halves using either two diodes in a center-tapped transformer or four diodes. Bridge rectifiers use four diodes in a bridge configuration to achieve full-wave rectification and have the advantage of requiring no transformer.
This document discusses full wave rectifiers, specifically the center tap full wave rectifier and the full wave bridge rectifier. It explains that full wave rectifiers allow current to flow in the same direction during both half cycles of the input AC signal. A center tap full wave rectifier uses two diodes and a center tapped transformer, while a full wave bridge rectifier uses four diodes in a bridge configuration without needing a center tapped transformer. The document analyzes the voltage outputs and advantages/disadvantages of each circuit.
This document summarizes a physics project on constructing a full wave rectifier. The student aims to show that alternating current can be rectified into direct current. Key components of the circuit include a transformer, diodes, capacitor, and resistor. When alternating current enters the circuit, the diodes allow current to flow through the circuit in only one direction on both half-cycles of current, rectifying it into direct current which is then filtered by the capacitor and resistor before powering an LED.
Bridge Rectifier Circuit with Working Operation and Their Typeselprocus
A bridge rectifier is an arrangement of four or more diodes in a bridge circuit configuration which provides the same output polarity for either input polarity. It is used for converting an alternating current (AC) input into a direct current (DC) output.
This document contains 13 solved problems related to rectifier circuits using diodes. The problems calculate various electrical characteristics of half-wave, full-wave, and bridge rectifier circuits, including DC and AC voltages and currents, power delivered to loads, ripple factor, transformer specifications, and diode voltage ratings. Example calculations are shown for circuits using a single diode, full-wave rectifiers, and full-wave rectifiers with LC filter components.
This document discusses different types of rectifiers used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). It describes half-wave and full-wave rectifiers for single-phase AC as well as three-phase half-wave, full-wave using center-tapped transformer, and bridge rectifier configurations. The advantages of rectifiers include producing DC output from an AC source. Disadvantages of some types include higher voltage drops or requiring additional diodes. Oscilloscopes can be used to observe the output waveforms of rectified systems.
The document discusses different types of diode rectifiers. It describes half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, including center-tap and bridge configurations. It covers diode ratings like current handling capacity and peak inverse voltage. Metrics for comparing rectifiers like ripple factor and rectification efficiency are defined. Performance measures are given for half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, such as total RMS value, RMS value of AC components, and ripple factor.
This document discusses rectifiers, which are devices that convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). It explains that AC current periodically changes direction, while DC current flows in one constant direction. A rectifier uses a step-down transformer to lower the voltage of an AC source, and then diodes to allow only one half of the AC cycle to pass to the load. When a diode is forward biased during the positive half cycle, it acts like a closed switch and allows current to flow. During the negative half cycle, when the diode is reverse biased, it acts like an open switch and blocks current flow. This has the effect of converting the alternating current into a pulsing direct current.
This document discusses different types of rectifiers used to convert alternating current to direct current. It describes half-wave and full-wave rectification processes. Half-wave rectifiers only use one half of the AC cycle while full-wave rectifiers use both halves. Full-wave rectifiers include center-tapped and bridge rectifier configurations. The document provides diagrams and equations for calculating voltage values and compares the operation and components of these various rectifier designs.
This document describes the operation of a full wave bridge rectifier circuit. It explains that two diodes conduct during the positive half cycle and the other two conduct during the negative half cycle, allowing current to flow through the load in only one direction. This produces a full wave rectified output with both half cycles used. The input AC waveform is shown along with the rectified DC output waveform. Advantages of the bridge rectifier are listed as not requiring a center-tapped transformer and producing twice the output of a center-tap circuit for the same secondary voltage. Disadvantages include requiring four diodes and having double the voltage drop across the diodes compared to a center-tap rectifier.
This document is a project report on a three phase full wave rectifier. It includes an index, certificate, acknowledgements, abstract, introduction on rectifiers and three phase rectifiers. It also includes the circuit diagram, description of circuit components, working principle, Simulink model, description of Simulink blocks used and conclusion on advantages and applications of the three phase full wave rectifier.
This document discusses single phase half wave rectifiers. It begins with an introduction to rectifiers and their classifications. It then describes the working of a single phase half wave rectifier, including that it only allows the positive half cycles of the AC input to pass through the diode. The document outlines the characteristics of a half wave rectifier such as its high ripple factor of 1.21, peak inverse voltage equal to the input voltage, and low transformer utilization factor of 0.287. Finally, it notes that while half wave rectifiers have a simple circuit and low cost, they are inefficient with a maximum theoretical efficiency of only 40% and high output ripples.
This document describes an experiment on the characteristics of Zener diodes. The experiment uses a regulated power supply, Zener diode, resistances, multimeter and connecting wires. The procedure involves connecting the circuit as shown, varying the input voltage while keeping the load resistance constant to note the output voltage, and plotting the resulting graph. It also involves keeping the input voltage constant while varying the load resistance to note the corresponding readings. A data table is used to record the readings and a lab report on the experiment is required.
The document provides information about the electrical engineering lab manual for the third semester, including the index, syllabus, instructions, lab ethics guidelines, and experiments. It outlines 12 experiments focused on writing programs in C and PSPICE to analyze and simulate DC, AC, and transient behavior of circuits. The first experiment involves drawing circuit symbols for common electrical components.
A bridge rectifier circuit converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) using four diodes arranged in a bridge configuration. It works like a Wheatstone bridge but does not require a center-tapped transformer. The voltage drop is double that of a single diode rectifier due to the use of two additional diodes. A bridge rectifier takes a time-varying alternating voltage and produces a unidirectional pulsating DC voltage.
Full Wave Bridge Rectifier simulation (with/without filter capacitor)Jaspreet Singh
1) The document describes a full wave bridge rectifier circuit with and without a filter capacitor.
2) It explains how the circuit works by using 4 diodes to convert an AC input voltage into a DC output voltage that only contains the positive half of the sinusoidal wave.
3) The summary compares the results with and without a filter capacitor, noting that the capacitor reduces the ripple in the output when used.
Half wave Rectifier & Full wave Rectifier with their descriptions.Deepanjana Paul
This document summarizes half wave and full wave rectifiers. It describes that a rectifier converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) through a process called rectification. There are two main types - half wave and full wave rectifiers. A half wave rectifier only conducts during the positive half cycle of the input AC signal, while a full wave rectifier conducts during both half cycles using two diodes or a diode bridge. Full wave rectifiers have higher efficiency and output than half wave rectifiers but require more diodes. The document provides circuit diagrams and explanations of operation for both half wave and full wave rectifier configurations.
This document discusses various rectifier circuits including half wave, full wave, center tap, and bridge rectifiers. It provides details on their circuit diagrams, operation, waveforms, parameters like ripple factor, efficiency, peak inverse voltage, advantages and disadvantages. Half wave rectifiers are shown to have high ripple factor and low efficiency while bridge rectifiers have advantages of not requiring a center tap transformer and using lower voltage diodes.
Rectification is the process of converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) using rectifier circuits. There are two main types of rectifiers: half-wave and full-wave. A half-wave rectifier uses a single diode to pass only the positive half of the AC waveform, resulting in a DC output that fluctuates between 0V and the peak voltage. A full-wave rectifier uses four diodes in a bridge configuration to rectify both the positive and negative halves of the AC waveform, producing a fuller DC output.
This document discusses different types of rectifiers used in particle accelerators to convert alternating current to direct current needed to power electromagnets. It describes half-wave rectifiers, which use a single diode and only conduct during one half of the AC cycle, producing low power output. Full-wave rectifiers, including center-tapped and bridge configurations, use two or four diodes respectively to conduct on both halves of the AC cycle, doubling the output power compared to half-wave rectifiers. The document provides details on the operation, advantages, and disadvantages of these various rectifier topologies.
Rectification converts alternating current to direct current using a diode that only allows current to flow in one direction. There are two main types of rectification: half-wave and full-wave. Half-wave only uses half of the AC cycle, while full-wave is more efficient by using the entire AC cycle. Filters are used to separate frequencies, with low-pass filters allowing low frequencies and blocking high frequencies, while high-pass filters do the opposite.
This document summarizes a presentation on a three phase fully controlled rectifier. It introduces the topic, outlines the objectives to design and fabricate the rectifier and its control unit. It describes applications of three phase rectifiers such as DC motor speed control and battery charging. Block diagrams and circuit diagrams are shown to illustrate the design.
Rectifier types were presented including half wave, full wave, and bridge rectifiers. Half wave rectifiers only pass one half of the AC wave while full wave rectifiers pass both halves using either two diodes in a center-tapped transformer or four diodes. Bridge rectifiers use four diodes in a bridge configuration to achieve full-wave rectification and have the advantage of requiring no transformer.
This document discusses full wave rectifiers, specifically the center tap full wave rectifier and the full wave bridge rectifier. It explains that full wave rectifiers allow current to flow in the same direction during both half cycles of the input AC signal. A center tap full wave rectifier uses two diodes and a center tapped transformer, while a full wave bridge rectifier uses four diodes in a bridge configuration without needing a center tapped transformer. The document analyzes the voltage outputs and advantages/disadvantages of each circuit.
This document summarizes a physics project on constructing a full wave rectifier. The student aims to show that alternating current can be rectified into direct current. Key components of the circuit include a transformer, diodes, capacitor, and resistor. When alternating current enters the circuit, the diodes allow current to flow through the circuit in only one direction on both half-cycles of current, rectifying it into direct current which is then filtered by the capacitor and resistor before powering an LED.
Bridge Rectifier Circuit with Working Operation and Their Typeselprocus
A bridge rectifier is an arrangement of four or more diodes in a bridge circuit configuration which provides the same output polarity for either input polarity. It is used for converting an alternating current (AC) input into a direct current (DC) output.
This document contains 13 solved problems related to rectifier circuits using diodes. The problems calculate various electrical characteristics of half-wave, full-wave, and bridge rectifier circuits, including DC and AC voltages and currents, power delivered to loads, ripple factor, transformer specifications, and diode voltage ratings. Example calculations are shown for circuits using a single diode, full-wave rectifiers, and full-wave rectifiers with LC filter components.
This document discusses different types of rectifiers used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). It describes half-wave and full-wave rectifiers for single-phase AC as well as three-phase half-wave, full-wave using center-tapped transformer, and bridge rectifier configurations. The advantages of rectifiers include producing DC output from an AC source. Disadvantages of some types include higher voltage drops or requiring additional diodes. Oscilloscopes can be used to observe the output waveforms of rectified systems.
The document discusses different types of diode rectifiers. It describes half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, including center-tap and bridge configurations. It covers diode ratings like current handling capacity and peak inverse voltage. Metrics for comparing rectifiers like ripple factor and rectification efficiency are defined. Performance measures are given for half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, such as total RMS value, RMS value of AC components, and ripple factor.
This document discusses rectifiers, which are devices that convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). It explains that AC current periodically changes direction, while DC current flows in one constant direction. A rectifier uses a step-down transformer to lower the voltage of an AC source, and then diodes to allow only one half of the AC cycle to pass to the load. When a diode is forward biased during the positive half cycle, it acts like a closed switch and allows current to flow. During the negative half cycle, when the diode is reverse biased, it acts like an open switch and blocks current flow. This has the effect of converting the alternating current into a pulsing direct current.
This document discusses different types of rectifiers used to convert alternating current to direct current. It describes half-wave and full-wave rectification processes. Half-wave rectifiers only use one half of the AC cycle while full-wave rectifiers use both halves. Full-wave rectifiers include center-tapped and bridge rectifier configurations. The document provides diagrams and equations for calculating voltage values and compares the operation and components of these various rectifier designs.
This document describes the operation of a full wave bridge rectifier circuit. It explains that two diodes conduct during the positive half cycle and the other two conduct during the negative half cycle, allowing current to flow through the load in only one direction. This produces a full wave rectified output with both half cycles used. The input AC waveform is shown along with the rectified DC output waveform. Advantages of the bridge rectifier are listed as not requiring a center-tapped transformer and producing twice the output of a center-tap circuit for the same secondary voltage. Disadvantages include requiring four diodes and having double the voltage drop across the diodes compared to a center-tap rectifier.
This document is a project report on a three phase full wave rectifier. It includes an index, certificate, acknowledgements, abstract, introduction on rectifiers and three phase rectifiers. It also includes the circuit diagram, description of circuit components, working principle, Simulink model, description of Simulink blocks used and conclusion on advantages and applications of the three phase full wave rectifier.
This document discusses single phase half wave rectifiers. It begins with an introduction to rectifiers and their classifications. It then describes the working of a single phase half wave rectifier, including that it only allows the positive half cycles of the AC input to pass through the diode. The document outlines the characteristics of a half wave rectifier such as its high ripple factor of 1.21, peak inverse voltage equal to the input voltage, and low transformer utilization factor of 0.287. Finally, it notes that while half wave rectifiers have a simple circuit and low cost, they are inefficient with a maximum theoretical efficiency of only 40% and high output ripples.
This document describes an experiment on the characteristics of Zener diodes. The experiment uses a regulated power supply, Zener diode, resistances, multimeter and connecting wires. The procedure involves connecting the circuit as shown, varying the input voltage while keeping the load resistance constant to note the output voltage, and plotting the resulting graph. It also involves keeping the input voltage constant while varying the load resistance to note the corresponding readings. A data table is used to record the readings and a lab report on the experiment is required.
The document provides information about the electrical engineering lab manual for the third semester, including the index, syllabus, instructions, lab ethics guidelines, and experiments. It outlines 12 experiments focused on writing programs in C and PSPICE to analyze and simulate DC, AC, and transient behavior of circuits. The first experiment involves drawing circuit symbols for common electrical components.
Analog and Digital Electronics Lab ManualChirag Shetty
This document provides details on 12 experiments conducted in an Analog and Digital Electronics Lab. The first experiment involves simulating clipping and clamping circuits using diodes. The second experiment involves simulating a relaxation oscillator using an op-amp and comparing the frequency and duty cycle to theoretical values. The third experiment involves simulating a Schmitt trigger using an op-amp and comparing the upper and lower trigger points. The remaining experiments involve simulating circuits such as a Wein bridge oscillator, power supply, CE amplifier, half/full adders, multiplexers, and counters. Procedures and calculations are provided for analyzing and verifying the output of each circuit simulation.
The document describes a student mini project to create a voltage doubler circuit using a 555 timer IC. It includes sections on the introduction, background, circuit design, testing and results, and conclusions. The circuit works by using the 555 timer to generate a square wave that drives diodes and capacitors, effectively doubling the input voltage. Testing showed the circuit operates as intended by outputting a voltage close to double the input. Further improvements could include adding more stages to create a voltage multiplier circuit.
This document provides details on designing and using an in-circuit tester for line output transformers (LOPTs) in TVs and computer monitors. The tester uses a "ring testing" principle where a pulse is applied to the LOPT primary winding and the decay of the resulting ringing waveform is measured. A faster decay indicates increased losses likely due to a fault. The circuit generates pulses and compares ringing amplitude to light LEDs, with more LEDs indicating a healthier LOPT. It is battery powered, inexpensive, and allows testing components in the circuit without removal.
This document describes the design and operation of an inexpensive battery-powered tester for testing line output transformers (LOPTs) and other high frequency wound components. The tester uses a "ring testing" principle where a pulse is applied to the component being tested and the decay of the resulting ringing waveform is measured. Faster decay indicates increased losses likely due to a fault. The tester outputs a bar graph display showing the number of ringing cycles above a threshold, with more LEDs indicating a healthier component. Feedback from technicians found the tester capable of identifying at least 80% of LOPT faults in TVs and monitors.
The document describes a project to upgrade an old circuit board from 2012 used in SolAero Technologies' LAPSS capacitance testing process. The upgraded circuit adds a push button to simplify testing and a switch to control the lamp signal. It breaks down the new circuit into sections for debouncing the button, generating a timing pulse, integrating delays, and controlling the lamp and data collection. Schematics, simulations, component selection, and PCB layout were developed for the upgraded circuit board to improve the capacitance testing process.
This document provides test procedures for the Procon 750p power amplifier. It includes instructions for visual inspection, supply voltage checks, channel checks, level meter adjustment, and troubleshooting advice. The test procedures involve using an audio generator, oscilloscope, multimeter, and various resistor loads to evaluate the performance and check that supply voltages are within specifications. Safety precautions are also outlined to prevent damage during testing.
This document describes a monitoring, protection, and control module for a radar transmitter. The module monitors key transmitter parameters, protects the system by triggering faults if parameters exceed thresholds, and controls the transmitter's on/off sequencing. It uses comparators to detect parameter faults, a microcontroller for control and interfacing, an ADC to convert analog signals, and an LCD for output display. The design aims to safely monitor and protect the expensive transmitter components.
This document outlines an electronics lab experiment on measuring the I-V characteristic of a Zener diode. The experiment uses a DC power supply, Zener diode, resistor, and multimeter to build a circuit. Students will connect the circuit, vary the applied voltage and measure the corresponding output voltage and current readings. They will record the data in a table and plot a graph of voltage versus current to analyze the Zener diode's behavior under reverse bias and forward bias conditions. Students are expected to submit an individual lab report containing the topic, circuit diagram, procedure, data table, equipment list, and graph.
Here are the key steps to design a variable gain audio amplifier using LM380:
1. The LM380 is an audio power amplifier that can provide a gain of up to 200. It is powered by a supply voltage between 4-15V.
2. A potentiometer is used to provide a variable gain from 1 to 50. The potentiometer is connected between the non-inverting and inverting inputs of the LM380. Turning the potentiometer varies the voltage division and thus the gain.
3. The audio input signal is given to the non-inverting terminal. A coupling capacitor is used to block any DC from the signal source and allow only the AC audio signal to pass.
This document provides guidelines for writing lab manuals and instructions for students conducting experiments. It includes details on drawing circuit diagrams, taking observations, completing calculations, and obtaining instructor signatures. It then provides the content for 5 sample lab experiments, including aims, apparatus required, theory, circuit diagrams, procedures, observations tables, calculations, precautions, and results. The experiments cover topics like half wave and full wave rectifiers, zener diodes as voltage regulators, the frequency response of a CE amplifier, and cascaded CE amplifiers with and without feedback.
chapter_1 Intro. to electonic Devices.pptLiewChiaPing
The document discusses power electronics concepts and devices. It begins with an introduction to power electronics and outlines various power electronic converters including controlled rectifiers, choppers, inverters, cycloconverters, and AC voltage controllers. It then discusses applications of power electronic converters in various industries. The document also describes several power semiconductor devices used in power electronics, such as power diodes, transistors, MOSFETs, IGBTs, thyristors, GTOs, and IGCTs. It covers the characteristics, ratings, and drive circuits of these devices.
The document provides details of experiments to be conducted in an Instrumentation Systems Design laboratory. It includes experiments to design instrumentation amplifiers, active filters, voltage/current converters, cold junction compensation circuits, signal conditioning circuits for RTDs and thermocouples, orifice plates, rotameters, control valves, and PID controllers using operational amplifiers and microprocessors. Circuit diagrams, equipment lists, procedures, and objectives are provided for each experiment.
1. The document describes a three phase protection circuit that monitors the availability of three phase power supply and switches off connected appliances in the event of failure of one or two phases. It uses three 12V relays, a 555 timer IC, and a 230V coil contactor with four poles.
2. Key components of the protection circuit are described, including relays, contactors, 555 timer IC, diodes, zener diodes, transistors, capacitors, resistors, transformers, and optocoupler ICs. The operation of the three phase protection circuit is also explained.
3. The circuit automatically disconnects power to protected appliances through the contactor when any phase fails, and automatically restores
Analog & Digital Integrated Circuits - Material (Short Answers) Mathankumar S
This document contains two-mark questions and answers related to analog and digital integrated circuits. It includes definitions and explanations of terms like virtual short, differential amplifier, slew rate, characteristics of an ideal op-amp, common mode rejection ratio, average and peak detector, linear and non-linear applications of op-amps, precision diode, hysteresis, filters, power supply rejection ratio, and more. It also provides circuit diagrams for integrator, Schmitt trigger, astable multivibrator, full wave rectifier, and instrumentation amplifier.
The ACS712 is a fully integrated, Hall effect-based linear current sensor IC that provides precise current sensing with 2.1 kVRMS isolation. It outputs an analog voltage signal linearly proportional to the primary sampled current. Key features include low noise, 80 kHz bandwidth, 1.5% accuracy, and isolation from the current path. It is offered in models optimized for currents of ±5A, ±20A, and ±30A and is packaged in a small SOIC8 package.
This document contains an outline for a project on building a black box system for a car. It includes chapters on embedded systems, transformers, microcontrollers, software used, and conclusions. The chapters cover topics like embedded system design cycles, ideal transformer equations, voltage regulators, rectifiers, filters, and the AT89S52 microcontroller's memory and UART. The document provides details on the various components and concepts involved in the project.
Assignment 1 Description Marks out of Wtg() Due date .docxfredharris32
Assignment 1
Description Marks out of Wtg(%) Due date
Assignment 1 200 20 28 August 2015
Part A: Comparators and Switching (5%)
(1) Signal limit detector
Use a 339 comparator, a single 74LS02 quad NOR gate and a +5V power supply only to
design a circuit which will detect when a voltage goes outside the range +2.5V to +3.5V
and such that an LED lights and stays lit. Provide a manual reset to extinguish the LED.
Design hints
1. The circuit has an analog input and a digital output so some form of comparator circuit
is required. There are two thresholds so two comparators are required, with the analog
input applied to both. This arrangement is sometimes known as a window detector.
2. Arrange the output of the comparators to be +5V logic levels, and combine the two
outputs logically to produce one signal which is for example, high for out-of-range, and
low for within-range.
3. Latch the change from in-range to out-of-range.
Design procedure
1. Start at the output and work backwards.
2. Select a latch circuit (flip-flop) and determine what combinations of inputs are needed to
latch and then reset it, ensuring that the LED is connected correctly with regard to both
logic and current flow.
3. Determine the logic needed to combine two comparator outputs in such a way as to
correctly operate the latch.
4. Choose comparator outputs which will correctly drive the logic. Remember that the
reference voltage at the input of the comparator may be at either the + or – input.
5. Choose resistors to provide the correct reference voltages.
Note: You will need to consult data for both the 74LS02 and the 339 (see data sheets).
Test
It is strongly recommended that you assemble and test your circuit.
(2) MOSFET Switching
Find out information on the operation of, and configuring of, MOSFETs to be used in
switching circuits. In particular note the differences between BJTs and MOSFETs in this
role. Draw up a table to highlight the differences and hence the pros and cons on each
device for particular situations (eg. Switching high-to-low or low-to-high (ie. P or N type),
high or low current switching, low or high voltage switching).
Consider the following BJT switching circuit. Analyse the operation of the circuit to
understand the parameters involved. Choose suitable replacement MOSFETs to be used
ELE2504 – Electronic design and analysis 2
instead of the output switching BJTs in the given circuit. Include any necessary circuit
changes for the new devices to operate so as to maintain the circuit’s required parameters.
Where Vcc = 12V and Relay resistance = 15Ω .
ELE2504 – Electronic design and analysis 3
Part B: Transistor amplifier design (6%)
Design and test a common emitter amplifier using the circuit shown and the selected
specifications.
Specifications
Get your own spec ...
Similar to Edc lab 5 - to implement a full wave rectifier using diode (20)
This document discusses uncertainty and probability theory. It begins by explaining sources of uncertainty for autonomous agents from limited sensors and an unknown future. It then covers representing uncertainty with probabilities and Bayes' rule for updating beliefs. Examples show inferring diagnoses from symptoms using conditional probabilities. Independence is described as reducing the information needed for joint distributions. The document emphasizes probability theory and Bayesian reasoning for handling uncertainty.
The document discusses logical agents and knowledge-based agents. It covers topics including propositional logic, knowledge bases, logical inference, and different proof methods. Propositional logic is introduced as the simplest logic using symbols and truth tables. Knowledge bases contain representations of facts about the world in some formal language. Logical inference allows agents to derive new facts by applying inference rules without understanding meaning. Different proof methods for logical inference like model checking and natural deduction are also discussed.
This document discusses game playing as an area of artificial intelligence research. It provides examples of how search algorithms like minimax and alpha-beta pruning have been used to develop computer programs that can play games like chess at a grandmaster level. Specifically, it mentions how IBM's Deep Blue program was able to defeat world chess champion Garry Kasparov through brute force search methods combined with these algorithms. The document then provides details on minimax search and how static board evaluation functions allow searches to estimate values beyond search depths.
This document discusses informed search strategies and local search algorithms for optimization problems. It covers best-first search, greedy search, A* search, heuristic functions, hill-climbing search, and escaping local optima. Specifically, it provides examples of applying greedy search, A* search, and hill-climbing to solve the 8-puzzle problem and discusses the drawbacks of hill-climbing getting stuck at local maxima.
The document discusses problem solving by searching. It describes problem solving agents and how they formulate goals and problems, search for solutions, and execute solutions. Tree search algorithms like breadth-first search, uniform-cost search, and depth-first search are described. Example problems discussed include the 8-puzzle, 8-queens, and route finding problems. The strategies of different uninformed search algorithms are explained.
This document discusses intelligent agents and their environments. It covers:
1) Intelligent agents are entities that perceive their environment through sensors and act upon the environment through actuators. They map percept sequences to actions.
2) A rational agent should select actions that are expected to maximize its performance measure given the percept sequence and its prior knowledge. Performance measures evaluate how well the agent solves its task.
3) Agent environments can have different properties such as being fully or partially observable, deterministic or stochastic, episodic or sequential, static or dynamic, discrete or continuous, and single-agent or multi-agent. The simplest is fully observable, deterministic, etc. but most real environments are more complex.
This document provides an overview of an artificial intelligence course titled CSE 412 taught in fall 2018. It introduces topics that will be covered like what AI is, the foundations and history of AI, the state of the art in AI, philosophical foundations, and logic programming using Prolog. The instructor is Tajim Md. Niamat Ullah Akhund and the document outlines the major sections and contents to be covered in the course.
This document outlines the course details for the Artificial Intelligence course CSE 412 offered in the spring 2019 semester at Daffodil International University. The 3-credit course provides an introduction to the basic principles and applications of AI through topics like problem solving, game playing, logical agents, uncertainty, and natural language processing. Students will be assessed based on class attendance, assignments, tests, presentations, and exams. Grades use a letter system from A+ to F and are based on numerical scores. The course will be taught through required classes, tests, and assignments.
The document provides an overview of an AI lab course plan that includes both software and hardware implementations of artificial intelligence. The software portion covers topics like data preparation, supervised and unsupervised learning techniques, and natural language processing. The hardware portion involves building robots that can be controlled in various ways, including through Android apps, line following, RFID recognition, obstacle avoidance, and gestures or voice.
This document discusses using the Newton Raphson method in MATLAB to find the roots of nonlinear equations. It begins with an introduction to the Newton Raphson method and its use in solving equations that are too complex for algebraic methods. The objectives and theory behind the Newton Raphson method are then outlined. Examples are provided and the MATLAB code presented to find the roots of sample equations graphically and via the console output. The document walks through applying the Newton Raphson method in MATLAB to several equations.
This document provides an overview of MATLAB basics including:
- MATLAB syntax and variables - commands are executed immediately and results returned
- Common operators like % for comments and ; to suppress output
- Special variables like ans, eps, i, Inf, NaN, pi
- Defining and naming variables - they must be assigned before use
- Creating vectors and matrices - row vectors use spaces/commas, column uses semicolons
- Basic math operations on vectors and matrices
Circuit lab 9 verification of maximum power transfer theorem
.
This lecture is from my class lectures in IIT-JU.
.
Find me:
Website: https://www.tajimiitju.blogspot.com
Linked in: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tajimiitju
Researchgate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tajim_Md_Niamat_Ullah_Akhund
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/tajimiitju?sub_confirmation=1
Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/TajimMdNiamatUllahAk
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/tajim.mohammad
Gitlab: https://gitlab.com/users/tajimiitju
Google+: plus.google.com/+tajimiitju
Email: tajim.mohammad.3@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tajim53
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
9. Procedure
Connect the circuit as shown in
figure.
Observe the rectified output
on the oscilloscope.
Measure the rms value of the
input and output voltages.
Remove the capacitor and
note the change, if any.
Tajim 9
12. LAB Report
1. LAB report must
be hand written.
2. Report on today’s
LAB must be
submitted on next
class individually.
3. LAB report will
contain: topic, brief
description of the
topic, circuit
diagram, procedure,
data table,
equipment list and
graph.
by Tajim
12