bridge rectifier with filter

1. Bridge Rectifier

2. INTRODUCTION
•A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating
current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct
current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The process is
known as rectification, since it "straightens" the direction of
current.
•A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating
current(AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct
current (DC), which flows in only one direction.
The process is known as rectification

3. • Half-wave rectification
• Full-wave rectification
Full-wave rectifier using a center tap transformer and 2 diodes.
Rectifier circuits

4. BRIDGE RECTIFIER with filter
(A full-wave rectifier using four diodes)

5. A rectifier diode (silicon controlled rectifier) and associated mounting hardware. The heavy
threaded stud attaches the device to a heatsink to dissipate heat.

6. • MODEL:
SIMULATION
*This shows a AC transformer plus full-wave bridge rectifier. It converts 230 volts AC to 220 volts DC.
*The full-wave bridge rectifier plus capacitor combination then converts this to DC.
*The resistor represents a typical load.

7. Simulation Results
shows how AC voltage is converted to DC Voltage

8. Filters
• The devices which converts the pulsating DC in to pure DC is called filter.
• As the name specifies it filters the oscillations in the signal and provides a
pure DC at the output.
• The electronic reactive elements like capacitor and inductors are used to do
this work.
Filters for Rectifier Circuits

9. Capacitor filter
• The pulsating Direct Current (DC) produced by the full wave rectifier
contains both AC and DC components.
• We know that the capacitor allows the AC components and blocks the
DC components of the current.
• When the DC current that contains both DC components and AC
components reaches the filter,
• The DC components experience a high resistance from the capacitor
whereas the AC components experience a low resistance from the
capacitor.

10. • Electric current always prefers to flow through a low resistance path.
• So the AC components will flow through the capacitor whereas the DC
components are blocked by the capacitor.
• Therefore, they find an alternate path and reach the output load
resistor RL.
• The flow of AC components through the capacitor is nothing but the
charging of a capacitor.
• Thus, the filter converts the pulsating DC into pure DC

11. The output of the
rectifier pulsating in
nature, it consists of a
desired DC component of
voltage and unwanted
ripple components.
These ripple components
are removed by placing
filter circuit at the output
of the rectifier.

12. • The pulsating Direct Current (DC) produced by the full wave rectifier contains
both AC and DC components.
• We know that the capacitor allows the AC components and blocks the DC
components of the current.
• When the DC current that contains both DC components and AC components
reaches the filter, the DC components experience a high resistance from the
capacitor whereas the AC components experience a low resistance from the
capacitor.
• Electric current always prefers to flow through a low resistance path. So the AC
components will flow through the capacitor whereas the DC components are
blocked by the capacitor.
• Therefore, they find an alternate path and reach the output load resistor RL. The
flow of AC components through the capacitor is nothing but the charging of a
capacitor.
• Thus, the filter converts the pulsating DC into pure DC

14. When input AC signal is applied across the bridge rectifier, during
the positive half cycle diodes D1 and D2 are forward biased and
allows electric current while the diodes D3 and D4are reverse
biased and blocks electric current.
On the other hand, during the negative half cycle diodes D3 and
D4 are forward biased and allows electric current while diodes
D1 and D2 are reverse biased and blocks electric current.
During the positive half cycle, the terminal A becomes positive
while the terminal B becomes negative. This causes the diodes
D1 and D2 forward biased and at the same time, it causes the
diodes D3 and D4 reverse biased.
The smoothing capacitor converts the full-
wave rippled output of the rectifier into a
more smooth DC output voltage.