This document summarizes half wave and full wave rectifiers. It describes that a rectifier converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) through a process called rectification. There are two main types - half wave and full wave rectifiers. A half wave rectifier only conducts during the positive half cycle of the input AC signal, while a full wave rectifier conducts during both half cycles using two diodes or a diode bridge. Full wave rectifiers have higher efficiency and output than half wave rectifiers but require more diodes. The document provides circuit diagrams and explanations of operation for both half wave and full wave rectifier configurations.

1. HALF WAVE & FULL WAVE
RECTIFIERS
TRIPURA INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
A presentation on:~
Narsingarh, Tripura (West)

2. Introduction:~
Arectifier is an electrical device that converts the
alternating current (AC) , which periodically reverses
direction, into the direct current (DC) , which flows
only in one direction. This process is known as
Rectification.
Physically, rectifiers take a number of forms,
including vacuum tube diodes, mercury-arc valves,
copper and selenium oxide rectifiers, semiconductor
diodes, silicon-controlled rectifiers and other silicon-
based semiconductor switches.

3. There are two types of
rectifiers namely:~
1.Half wave rectifier
2.Full wave rectifier

4. Half Wave Rectifier
 The process of removing one-half of the
input signal to establish a dc level is called
half-wave rectification.
 In Half wave rectification, the rectifier
conducts current during positive half cycle
of input ac signal only.
 Negative half cycle is suppressed.

5. Fig:~ Circuit diagram of Half Wave Rectifier.

6.  AC voltage across secondary terminals AB changes
its polarity after each half cycle.
During negative half cycle terminal A is negative so
diode is reversed biased and conducts no current.
So, current flows through diode during positive half
cycle only.
In this way current flows through load RL in one
direction only.
Operation

7. Output frequency of
HWR is equal to input
frequency.
This means when input
ac completes one
cycle, rectified wave
also completes one
cycle.
Output frequency of Half wave rectifier
inout ff =

8. Disadvantages:~
The pulsating current in output contains ac
components whose frequency is equal to
supply frequency. So, filtering is needed.
The ac supply delivers power during half cycle
only. So, output is low.
Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages:~
The circuit of half wave rectifier is very simple
and of low cost.

9. Full wave Rectifier
 In Full wave rectification current flow
through the load in same direction for
both half cycle of input ac.
 This can be achieved with two diodes
working alternatively.
 For one half cycle one diode supplies
current to load and for next half cycle
another diode works.

10. Centre tap full wave rectifier
Circuit has two diodes D1 , D2 and a centre tap
transformer.
During positive half cycle, Diode D1 conducts and
during negative half cycle, Diode D2 conducts.
It can be seen that current through load RL is in the
same direction for both the cycles.

11. Fig:~ Circuit diagram of Centre tap Full Wave Rectifier.

12. Full wave bridge rectifier
 In full wave bridge rectifier, four diodes are
arranged in the form of a bridge.
 The main advantage of this bridge circuit is that it
does not require a special centre tapped
transformer.
 The single secondary winding is connected to
one side of the diode bridge network and the
load to the other side.

13. Fig:~ Circuit diagram of Full Wave Bridge Rectifier.

14.  Output frequency of
FWR is equal to double
of input frequency.
This means when input
ac completes one
cycle, rectified wave
completes two cycle.
inout ff 2=
Output frequency of Full wave rectifier

15.  Advantages:
I. Need for centre tap transformer is eliminated.
II. Output is twice than that of centre tap circuit.
 Disadvantages:
I. Requires 4 diodes.
II. Internal resistance voltage drop is twice than
that of Centre Tap Circuit.
Advantages & Disadvantages

16. Half wave rectifier VS Full wave rectifier
Particulars Half-wave Full-wave Bridge
No. of diodes 1 2 4
Maximum efficiency 40.6% 81.2% 81.2%
Vd.c. (no load) Vm/π 2Vm/π 2Vm/π
Average current/diode Id.c. Id.c./2 Id.c./2
Ripple factor 1.21 0.48 0.48
Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) Vm 2Vm Vm
Output frequency f 2f 2f
Transformer utilisation factor 0.287 0.693 0.812
Form factor 1.57 1.11 1.11
Peak factor 2 √2 √2

17. THANK YOU All…