This document discusses different types of ecological interactions between organisms including predation, parasitism, competition, mutualism, and commensalism. Predation benefits the predator but harms the prey, while parasitism benefits the parasite but harms the host. Competition is initially harmful to both organisms but eventually benefits the stronger competitor. Mutualism benefits both organisms, like flowers and butterflies. Commensalism benefits one organism without affecting the other, such as mango trees and vanda orchids.

1. ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
ASHWINI K
NATURALSCIENCE
ZM17EDNS02

2. ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
In ecology a biological interaction is the effect that
a pair of organisms living together in a community
have on each other.They can be either of the same
species or of different species.

3. TYPES OF ECOLOGICAL INTERACTION
PREDATION
PARASITISM
COMPETITION
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM

4. PREDATION
 Beneficial to one but harmful to
the other.
 Prey becomes the food of the
predator.
 Eg: Deer and tiger

6. PARASITISM
 Beneficial to one and
harmful to the other.
 The parasite depends on
the host for nutrition.
 Eg: Mango tree and
loranthus

8. COMPETITION
o Harmful to both in the
beginning.
o Then beneficial to the one
who wins.
o Eg: Paddy and weeds

10. MUTUALISM
Beneficial to both the
organisms.
Eg: Flower and butterfly

12. COMMENSALISM
Beneficial to one and is
neither beneficial nor
harmful to the other.
Eg: Mango tree and vanda

14. REFERENCES
• BASIC SCIENCE Part 2 standardVIII -Textbook