Ecological interactions refer to the effects that organisms have on each other when living together in a community. There are different types of interactions including predation, parasitism, competition, mutualism, and commensalism. Predation benefits one species while harming the other, parasitism benefits one species at the expense of the other, and competition negatively impacts both species. Mutualism positively benefits both species, while commensalism benefits one species without affecting the other. Examples of each type of interaction are provided.

1. WELCOME……

2. Ecological
Interactions

3. ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
• In ecology the effect that a pair of organism living together
in a community have on each other is known as ecological
interactions.
• The organisms should be on the same species or the different
one.
• There are different types of interactions are present in the
nature.

4. • TYPES OF
ECOLOGICAL
INTERACTIO
NS
Predation Parasitism
Competition Mutualism
Commensalism

5. TYPE OF INTERACTION SIGN EFFECTS
PREDATION +/-
One species is benefited other
one is harmed
PARASITISM -/+
One gets benefition on the other
hand one get negative effects
COMPETITION -/-
Each species is affected
negatively
MUTUALISM +/+ Both are positively affected
COMMENSALISM 0/+
One species is positively affected
other one has no effects.

6. Beneficial to one but
harmful to the other.
Prey becomes the food of
the predator.
Eg; Deer and Cheetah
PREDATION

7. Venus fly trap Shark and small fishes

8. PARASITISM
• Beneficial to one and harmful to another.
• The parasite depends on the host for
nutrition.
• Eg; mango tree and loranthus

9. PARASITISM- Examples
Tape worm in
animal gut
Mango tree and
loranthus
Mosquito and
animals

10. COMPETITION
EFFECTS
• Harmful to both in the
beginning.
• Then beneficial to the
one who wins.
• Eg ; paddy and weeds
EXAMPLE

11. MUTULISM
• Beneficial
to both the
organisms
• Eg ; Butter
fly and
flower
Sea anemone and coral reefs
Deer and birds
• Butter
fly and
flower

12. COMMENSALISM
• Beneficial to one and
is neither harmed
nor beneficial to the
other.
• Eg ; Mango tree and
Vanda