The document discusses various aspects of hospital pharmacy operations including definitions, inpatient and outpatient dispensing systems, and controlled drug handling. It describes the key functions of hospital pharmacies like procurement, storage, manufacturing and distribution of medications. For inpatients, it explains individual prescription ordering as well as floor stock systems including charge, non-charge and unit dose methods. Outpatient dispensing involves dispensing medications to patients not admitted. Proper storage, documentation and authorization are needed for controlled substances.
Hospital Formulary - presentation gives the detail idea about Hospital formulary, its advantage, disadvantage, how to prepare Hospital formulary and much more. this will be useful for Pharm.D-IV YEAR students, which was in their Hospital pharmacy subject. regards APOLLOJAMES
Drug distribution is one of the basic service provided by the hospital pharmacy.
Drug distribution system falls in to 3 categories -
1)Ward – controlled system
2)Pharmacy controlled imprest based system
3)Pharmacy controlled patient issue system
hospital formulary is developed under the guidance of pharmacy and therapeutic commitee of the hospital.pharmacist working in a hospital should play an important role in the preparation of the hospital formulary
Hospital Formulary - presentation gives the detail idea about Hospital formulary, its advantage, disadvantage, how to prepare Hospital formulary and much more. this will be useful for Pharm.D-IV YEAR students, which was in their Hospital pharmacy subject. regards APOLLOJAMES
Drug distribution is one of the basic service provided by the hospital pharmacy.
Drug distribution system falls in to 3 categories -
1)Ward – controlled system
2)Pharmacy controlled imprest based system
3)Pharmacy controlled patient issue system
hospital formulary is developed under the guidance of pharmacy and therapeutic commitee of the hospital.pharmacist working in a hospital should play an important role in the preparation of the hospital formulary
Drug Information Services, Drug information Sources, Illegal DIC, Drug Information Bulletin, Classification of scientific literature, services offered bu drug information services
Drug Information Services, Drug information Sources, Illegal DIC, Drug Information Bulletin, Classification of scientific literature, services offered bu drug information services
Introduction to secure use of controlled substances. Topics include: Introduction, CSUA, Storage site controls and security, Orders / Delivery / Receipt, Use Logs and Biennial Inventory, Transfers / Imports / Exports, Disposal, Diversion and Loss Reporting, and Illicit Activities and Repercussions. For use by the University of California only.
OPD is the mirror of the hospital, which reflects the functioning of the hospital being the first point of contact between the patient and the hospital staff.
Patients visit the OPD for various purposes, like consultation, day care treatment, investigation, referral, admission and post discharge follow up. Not only for treatment but also for preventing and promotive services like, health check up, Immunisation, Physio-therapy and so on.
Inpatient care is the care of patients whose condition requires admission to a hospital. Progress in modern medicine and the advent of comprehensive out-patient clinics ensure that patients are only admitted to a hospital when they are extremely ill or have severe physical trauma.
Drug distribution is defined as, "Physical transfer of drugs from storage area in the hospital to the patient's bedside".
This involves two types of drug distribution. They are:
In-patient distribution
Out-patient distribution
The drug distribution to the in patient department can be carried out from the out patient dispensing area.
The pharmacists involved in dispensing the drugs for out patient can dispense drugs for in patients too.
The pharmacist employed for drug distribution to the in patient wards should be well skilled and qualified staff.
Out patient refers to the patients not occupying beds in hospital or in clinics, health centers and other places where out patients usually go for health care.
No medicaments should be issued without the prescription.
After the issue has been made the quantities supplied must be recorded.
In short form the out patient department was called as OPD.
CLASSIFICATION OF PATIENTS
EMERGENCY
TERTIARY CARE
PRIMARY CARE
AMBULATORY.
pharmacy practice sem 7 notes unit 2
Dispensing of drugs to inpatients, types of drug distribution systems, charging policy
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3. Hospital pharmacy
hospital pharmacy may be defined as that
department of the hospital witch deals with procurement
,storage ,compounding ,dispensing ,manufacturing ,testing
,packing ,and distribution of drugs.
Functions
Providing specifications for the purchase of drugs ,chemicals.
Proper storing of drugs.
Manufacturing &distribution of medicaments such as
paranteral products ,tablets ,capsules ,ointments & stock mix
4.
5. In-patient:
In-patients are those patients ,who require hospitalization i.e
get themselves admitted in the hospital, stay there for treatment
till they are discharged.
They are four systems in general use for dispensing
drugs for inpatients.They may be classified as follows;
1.Individual prescription order
2.Complete floor stock system
3.Combination of individual &floor stock system
4.Unit dose system
6. 1.Individual prescription order system:
It is a type of prescription system where the physician writes
the prescription for individual patient who obtains the drug
prescribed from any medical store or hospital dispensary by
paying own charges.
Advantages:
All medication orders are directly reviewed by pharmacists.
It provides the interaction of pharmacist-doctor,nurse and
the patient.
It provides clear control of inventory.
7. 2.Complete floor stock system:
Under this system ,the drugs are given to the patient through
the nursing station and the pharmacy supplies from the drug
store of a hospital.
• Drugs on the nursing station or ward may be divided
in to.
A.Charge floor stock drugs
B.Non charge floor stock drugs.
8. a . Charge floor stock system:
Medicines which are stocked on the nursing station at all times
and charged to the patient’s account after they have been
administered to them.
Dispensing of floor stock drugs.
The patient is charged for every single dose administered
to him.
Selection of these drugs in various wards is decided by
PTC
Once the floor stock list is prepared ,it becomes the
responsibility of the hospital pharmacist to make the drugs
available
9. Pharmaceutical and related preparation
Category Preparation
Anti-allergies Prednisolone tablet
Antibiotics Penicillin G inj.
Anticoagulant heparin
Cardio vascular agents Digoxin inj.
10. A label for a charge floor stock:
Ward-
Phenobarbitone tablets.
EEaacchh t taabblelett c coonnttaaininss
PPhheennoobbaarrbbititoonnee - -5500gg
VIGNAN HOSPITAL PHARMACY
11. b.Non-charge floor stock drugs:
Non charge floor stock drugs are the medicaments that are placed
at the nursing station for the use of all patients on the floor.
These drugs ,there shall be no direct charge from the patients
account. It is divided in to two methods.
a. Drug basket method.
b. Mobile dispensary unit.
12. Drug basket method:
Nurse fill a requisition form for delivery of drugs at their floor;
When there is an empty container ,the nurse place it in the drug
basket.
Once the basket is completed,it delivery to the floor via messenger
service.
Alternatively mobile dispensary can be utilised.
13. Mobile dispensary:
It is specially constructed stainless steel .
60 inches high.
48 inches wide and 25 inches deep.
It is mounted on bottom tyres.
14. Label for non charge floor stock drug:
Ward-
Ward-
Ferrous sulphate tablets
Ferrous sulphate tablets
Each tablet contains:
Ferrous sulphate 0.3gm.
VIGNAN HOSPITAL PHARMACY
16. Difference between floor&non floor stock system
Charge floor stock system Non-charge floor stock
The charges are made in the system
patients account after the have
been administered from the
stock drugs.
Every dose of the drug
administered to the patients are
charged .
Only those dose are charged
which are expansive can rarely
used.
Floor stock list is prepared
which is sent to make the drugs
available to all the nursing
station
The drugs are not made in the
account directly even after the
drug have been administered .
This system charges are made
indirectly to the patients.
The cost of the drugs are not
high as they are mostly used in
tablets, capsules.
A pre-determined list is
prepared by nursing station.
17. 3.Combination of individual and floor
stock system:
This system is fallowed in the government and also in
private hospital who run on the basis of no profit and no
loss.
Individual prescription or medication system is fallowed
as a major means.
Requirement of drugs or surgical items are given to the
patient who purchase and deposit these items in hospital
wards or rooms under supervision of registered nurse .
18. 4.Unit dose dispensing:
Those medications which are ordered ,packed
,handled administered and charged in multiples of single dose
units containing a predetermined amount of drug or supply
sufficient for one regular dose.
A single unit package is one witch contains one complete
pharmaceutical dosage forms
Ex-one tablet,capsul.
19. Advantages :
Better financial control.
It prevents the loss of partially used medications.
It does not require storage facilities at the nursing
station.
21. A.Centralised unit-dose drug distribution
system(CUDD):
All in-patient drugs are dispensed in unit doses and
all the drugs are stored in central area of the
pharmacy and dispensed at the time the dose is due
to be given to the patient.
Drugs re transferred from the pharmacy to the
indoor patient by medication cards.
22. B.Decentralized unit dose dispensing:
This operates through small satellite pharmacies located on each floor
of the hospital.
Procedure:
Patient profile card containing full date ,disease ,diagnosis is
prepared.
Prescription are sent directly to the pharmacist witch are then entered
in the patient profile card.
Pharmacist checks medication order.
Patient profile card and prescription order is filled by pharmacy
technicians.
The nurses administer the drugs and make the entry in their records.
23. Advantages:
Easy for the administration staff.
accounting becomes easier in certain cases.
better stability of the products
Ex-Eno-fruit salt in sachets.
24. Disadvantages:
High cost.
consumes more time and doubtful.
will occupy more space for storing.
ledger posting and inventory control problem.
25. Pharmacy Prescription copied by
nurse
Rx written by
Doctor
Inpatient discharge
medications Returns
to credit
Inpatient
medication orders
Rx received by
pharmacist
Filling of order
Dispensing order
Charge
Rx received by
pharmacist
Filling of
prescription
Dispensing
prescription
Credit
issue
Free Cash Credit
Statistics and
control
General flow chart for In-patients
26.
27. Out-patient:
out patient refers to patients not occupying beds in a
hospital or in clinics, health centers and other places .
out patient load into three categories.
28. Emergency:
A person given emergency or accidental care for
conditions which require immediate medical attention.
suffering from serious health conditions or illness.
29. Tertiary care:
He is directly to outpatient department by his
attending medical practitioner for specific treatment
other than an emergency treatment.
30. Primary care.
• primary care is majority care .
• It describe a range of services adequate for meeting
• Most primary care is used by patients who are
ambulatory i.e are able to move about freely.
31. Location of out-patient dispensing:
It should be located on the ground floor of the
building .
The out patient dispensing area should be provided
with proper seating arrangement .
The pharmacy receives its supplies from medical
stores weekly but emergency supplies can be obtained
at any time.
32. Layout of out-patient department(OPD)
Racks of storing drugs
Refrigeration Dispensary
Office
Windows for dispensary
Seating arrangement for patients
33. Out-patient activity chart
Rcvd by
pharmacist
Filling of
prescription
Dispensing of patient
Prescription Prescription filled
Payment
Prescription filled
Prescription
Payment
Receipt of
cash
payment cash
Change
Static and report
Static and report
Receipt of
payment
Change
Regular
Prescription file
Regular
Prescription file
Narcotic
Prescription
file
Narcotic
Prescription
file
RRxx w wrritittteenn b byy d dooccttoorr
34. Drug distribution to out-patient:
No medicaments should be issued without the
prescription .
After the issue has been made the quantities supplied
must be recorded.
Medicines are given to the out- patients from the
pharmacy situated in the out patient block.
36. Dispensing of control drugs:
Hospital control procedures:
1.Responsibility for controlled substance in the
hospital.
2.Ordering ward stock of the controlled substances
from the pharmacy.
3.Doctros orders for administration of controlled
drugs.
37. Responsibility for controlled substances:
The administrative head of the hospital is
responsible for the proper safeguarding and the handling
of controlled substances within the hospital.
38. Ordering ward stock of the controlled
substances from the pharmacy:
a. A requisition for ward stock controlled substances
is completed by insertion a check mark opposite the
name ,strength from of controlled substance
desired.
b. Before any new controlled substances are issued to a
ward
40. Doctros orders for administration of controlled
drugs:
The fallowing information must appear on the “
Doctor’s controlled drug order sheet”.
41. PRESCRIPTIONS:
In dispensing of controlled substances, the following
requirements should be with prescriptions:
1. Except when dispensed
2. Drugs may be dispensed on the oral prescription in an
emergency situation.
3. Prescription shall be retained in conformity with the
requirements of this law.
42. 4. No prescription for a controlled substance in
Schedule II may be refilled.
5. Controlled substances in Schedule III or IV may not
be dispensed a written or oral prescription in
conformity.
43. Information on daily controlled drug
administration sheet:
The full information required on the Daily Controlled
Drugs Administration Sheet is as follows:
1. Date.
2. Amount given.
3. Patient’s full name
4. Patient’s hospital number.
5. Name of doctor ordering.
6. Signature of nurse administering.
7.Frequency and route of administration
44. Date- Ward no- Floor--
Daily controlled Drugs Administration Form
Paint’s
name
Specific
descriptio
n of drug
No of
tabs Strength
No of
tabs
Strength
used
used
Order by
doctor
Adm. By
nurse
Daily controlled drugs administration
VIGNAN HOSPITAL PHARMACY
45. Most Commonly Abused Rx Drugs:
Pain relievers (opioids, narcotics)
Oxycodone (e.g., OxyContin, Percocet), hydrocodone,
codeine, and morphine
Central nervous system depressants (sedatives, tranquilizers,
hypnotics)
Barbiturates (e.g., Mebaral, Nembutal) and
benzodiazepines (e.g., Valium, Xanax)
Stimulants (used to treat attention deficit disorders,
narcolepsy, and weight loss)
Dextroamphetamine (e.g., Dexedrine,) and
methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin,)