This document summarizes different types of patients and pharmacy services in a hospital setting. It describes outpatients as patients who visit the hospital for less than 24 hours or on an outpatient basis. Inpatients, in contrast, stay overnight or for an extended period in the hospital. The document then outlines various outpatient and inpatient pharmacy services, including dispensing prescriptions, maintaining records, and providing drug consultations for outpatients or ensuring inpatients receive the correct medications. It also summarizes different systems for dispensing drugs to inpatients, such as individual prescriptions, floor stock, unit dose, and combinations of these approaches.
Hospital Formulary - presentation gives the detail idea about Hospital formulary, its advantage, disadvantage, how to prepare Hospital formulary and much more. this will be useful for Pharm.D-IV YEAR students, which was in their Hospital pharmacy subject. regards APOLLOJAMES
Hospital Formulary - presentation gives the detail idea about Hospital formulary, its advantage, disadvantage, how to prepare Hospital formulary and much more. this will be useful for Pharm.D-IV YEAR students, which was in their Hospital pharmacy subject. regards APOLLOJAMES
Drug distribution is one of the basic service provided by the hospital pharmacy.
Drug distribution system falls in to 3 categories -
1)Ward – controlled system
2)Pharmacy controlled imprest based system
3)Pharmacy controlled patient issue system
Inpatient care is the care of patients whose condition requires admission to a hospital. Progress in modern medicine and the advent of comprehensive out-patient clinics ensure that patients are only admitted to a hospital when they are extremely ill or have severe physical trauma.
Drug distribution is one of the basic service provided by the hospital pharmacy.
Drug distribution system falls in to 3 categories -
1)Ward – controlled system
2)Pharmacy controlled imprest based system
3)Pharmacy controlled patient issue system
Inpatient care is the care of patients whose condition requires admission to a hospital. Progress in modern medicine and the advent of comprehensive out-patient clinics ensure that patients are only admitted to a hospital when they are extremely ill or have severe physical trauma.
Drug distribution is defined as, "Physical transfer of drugs from storage area in the hospital to the patient's bedside".
This involves two types of drug distribution. They are:
In-patient distribution
Out-patient distribution
The drug distribution to the in patient department can be carried out from the out patient dispensing area.
The pharmacists involved in dispensing the drugs for out patient can dispense drugs for in patients too.
The pharmacist employed for drug distribution to the in patient wards should be well skilled and qualified staff.
Out patient refers to the patients not occupying beds in hospital or in clinics, health centers and other places where out patients usually go for health care.
No medicaments should be issued without the prescription.
After the issue has been made the quantities supplied must be recorded.
In short form the out patient department was called as OPD.
CLASSIFICATION OF PATIENTS
EMERGENCY
TERTIARY CARE
PRIMARY CARE
AMBULATORY.
pharmacy practice sem 7 notes unit 2
Dispensing of drugs to inpatients, types of drug distribution systems, charging policy
and labelling, Dispensing of drugs to ambulatory patients, and Dispensing of
controlled drugs
New product dedisions provide a dear path to the business. New product development
astep by step process. A Complete idea is required behind new product.
1 1deal Generation: The development of a product starts with the concept and idea.
The remaining process is depending on that idea.
2 Screening of Idea: This step is cruial to ensure that unsuitable ideas, for whatever
reason, are rejected as soon as possible. Ideas need to be considered objectively,
ideally by a group or committee.
3. Concept Development and Testing: After having an idea, next is the sreening
stage. The idea should now convert into concept. It has depth information which can
be visualizing by the consumer.
4. Anaysis of business: After finalization of concept, a business case needs to be kept
algTStogether to consider whether the new service /product will be gainful.
2665.Product Development If the nev product is approved, it will be approved to the
2marketing and technical development step.
6. Test Marketing: Market testing (test marketing or) is different to consumer testing.
in that it introduces the product that follows proposed plan of marketing.
od7. Commercialization: When the concept has been tested and developed, final
0decisions are required to move the product to its introduction into the market.
8. Launch: A detailed plan of launch is required for this step. This is the important
stage for success of a product
New Drug Developments and general anaesthetic and the rest is the rest of them and they are you can do it for me if you can afford to get it from the rest of the year and general anaesthetic drugs and general anaesthetic drugs
New product dedisions provide a dear path to the business. New product development
astep by step process. A Complete idea is required behind new product.
1 1deal Generation: The development of a product starts with the concept and idea.
The remaining process is depending on that idea.
2 Screening of Idea: This step is cruial to ensure that unsuitable ideas, for whatever
reason, are rejected as soon as possible. Ideas need to be considered objectively,
ideally by a group or committee.
3. Concept Development and Testing: After having an idea, next is the sreening
stage. The idea should now convert into concept. It has depth information which can
be visualizing by the consumer.
4. Anaysis of business: After finalization of concept, a business case needs to be kept
algTStogether to consider whether the new service /product will be gainful.
2665.Product Development If the nev product is approved, it will be approved to the
2marketing and technical development step.
6. Test Marketing: Market testing (test marketing or) is different to consumer testing.
in that it introduces the product that follows proposed plan of marketing.
od7. Commercialization: When the concept has been tested and developed, final
0decisions are required to move the product to its introduction into the market.
8. Launch: A detailed plan of launch is required for this step
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
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Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
2. is a patient who is hospitalized for less than 24 hours.
Or a patient who is not hospitalized overnight but who visits a
hospital, clinic, or associated facility for diagnosis or
treatment .
OUTPATIENT
3. a patient who stays for one or more nights in a hospital for
treatment
An inpatient is "admitted" to the hospital and stays overnight
or for an indeterminate time, usually several days or weeks or
years, sometimes until death.
INPATIENT
5. Provide medications for all in-patients of the hospital on a 24-
hour per day.
Cooperate with the medical drug research ( if present.. May be
in case of clinical pharmacist)
Make sure you receive the right medication at the right time
Offer personalized consultations on medications,
interactions and side effects
IN-PATIENT SERVICES DIVISION
6. They are four systems in general use for dispensing
drugs for inpatients.They may be classified as follows;
1.Individual prescription order
2.Complete floor stock system
3.Combination of individual &floor stock system
4.Unit dose system
IN-PATIENT PHARMACY :
7. It is a type of prescription system where the physician
writes the prescription for individual patient who obtains the
drug prescribed from any medical store or hospital
dispensary by paying own charges.
Advantages:
All medication orders are directly reviewed by pharmacists.
It provides the interaction of pharmacist , doctor , nurse and
the patient.
It provides clear control of inventory.
1.INDIVIDUAL PRESCRIPTION ORDER
SYSTEM:
8. 2.COMPLETE FLOOR STOCK SYSTEM:
Under this system ,the drugs are given to the patient through
the nursing station and the pharmacy supplies from the drug
store of a hospital.
• Drugs on the nursing station or ward may be divided in
to.
A . Charge floor stock drugs
B . Non charge floor stock drugs.
9. A. CHARGE FLOOR STOCK
SYSTEM:
Medicines which are stocked on the nursing station at all times and
charged to the patient’s account after they have been administered to
them.
Dispensing of floor stock drugs.
• The patient is charged for every single dose administered
to him.
• Selection of these drugs in various wards is decided by
PTC
• Once the floor stock list is prepared ,it becomes the
responsibility of the hospital pharmacist to make the drugs
available
10. B.NON-CHARGE FLOOR STOCK
DRUGS:
Non charge floor stock drugs are the medicaments that are placed
at the nursing station for the use of all patients on the floor.
These drugs ,there shall be no direct charge from the patients
account. It is divided in to two methods.
a. Drug basket method.
b. Mobile dispensary unit.
11. Nurse fill a requisition form for delivery of drugs at their
floor;
When there is an empty container ,the nurse place it in the
drug basket.
Once the basket is completed,it delivery to the floor via
messenger service.
Alternatively mobile dispensary can be utilised.
A. DRUG BASKET METHOD:
12. B. MOBILE DISPENSARY:
It is specially constructed stainless steel .
60 inches high.
48 inches wide and 25 inches deep.
It is mounted on bottom tires.
13. This system is fallowed in the government and also
in private hospital who run on the basis of no profit
and no loss.
Individual prescription or medication system is
fallowed as a major means.
Requirement of drugs or surgical items are given to
the patient who purchase and deposit these items
in hospital wards or rooms under supervision of
registered nurse .
3.COMBINATION OF INDIVIDUAL
AND FLOOR STOCK SYSTEM:
14. 4.UNIT DOSE DISPENSING:
Those medications which are ordered ,packed
,handled administered and charged in multiples of single dose
units containing a predetermined amount of drug or supply
sufficient for one regular dose.
A single unit package is one witch contains one complete
pharmaceutical dosage forms Ex: one tablet , capsule.
15. Better financial control.
It prevents the loss of partially used medications.
It does not require storage facilities at the nursing station.
ADVANTAGES :
16. Two methods of dispensing unit doses are:
A. Centralized unit dose drug distribution system (CUDD)
B. Decentralized unit dose drug distribution system (DUDD)
17. A.CENTRALISED UNIT-DOSE DRUG
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM(CUDD):
All in-patient drugs are dispensed in unit doses and
all the drugs are stored in central area of the
pharmacy and dispensed at the time the dose is due
to be given to the patient.
Drugs re transferred from the pharmacy to the indoor
patient by medication cards.
18. B . DECENTRALIZED UNIT DOSE
DISPENSING:
This operates through small satellite pharmacies located on each floor
of the hospital.
Patient profile card containing full date ,disease ,diagnosis is
prepared.
Prescription are sent directly to the pharmacist witch are then entered
in the patient profile card.
Pharmacist checks medication order.
Patient profile card and prescription order is filled by pharmacy
technicians.
The nurses administer the drugs and make the entry in their records.
19. ADVANTAGES:
Easy for the administration staff.
accounting becomes easier in certain cases.
better stability of the products
Ex: Eno-fruit salt in sachets.
20. DISADVANTAGES:
High cost.
consumes more time and doubtful.
will occupy more space for storing.
ledger posting and inventory control problem.
21. OUT-PATIENT PHARMACY :
out patient refers to patients not occupying beds in a
hospital or in clinics, health centers and other places .
out patient load into three categories.
1. Emergency
2. Primary care
3. Tertiary care
22. EMERGENCY:
A person given emergency or accidental care for
conditions which require immediate medical attention.
suffering from serious health conditions or illness.
23. PRIMARY CARE
• primary care is majority care .
• It describe a range of services adequate for meeting
• Most primary care is used by patients who are
ambulatory i.e. are able to move about freely.
24. TERTIARY CARE
He is directly to outpatient department by his attending
medical practitioner for specific treatment other than an
emergency treatment.
25. LOCATION OF OUT-PATIENT
DISPENSING:
It should be located on the ground floor of the
building .
The out patient dispensing area should be provided
with proper seating arrangement .
The pharmacy receives its supplies from medical stores
weekly but emergency supplies can be obtained at any
time.
26. DRUG DISTRIBUTION TO OUT-PATIENT:
No medicaments should be issued without the
prescription .
After the issue has been made the quantities supplied
must be recorded.
Medicines are given to the out- patients from the
pharmacy situated in the out patient block.