The document discusses key concepts in disaster risk such as exposure, sensitivity, vulnerability, and risk. Exposure refers to people and assets located in hazard-prone areas, while sensitivity describes how communities can be affected. Vulnerability is the inability to withstand hazards or respond to disasters, and can be social, psychological, physical, economic, or environmental. A vulnerability assessment identifies hazards, susceptible areas, affected sectors, and a community's ability to cope. Such assessments inform disaster preparedness planning.

1. Exposure and
Vulnerability

2. Exposure and Sensitivity
Exposure – is another concept in disaster risk. It can be
measured by total number of individual or different assets in an
area. The magnitude of exposure varies depending on location
and interaction of elements.
- Defined as the situation of people, infrastructure, housing,
production capacities and other tangible human assests located
in prone-hazard areas.

3. Sensitivity – is prevalent when talking about disaster risk.
This is the degree to which a certian community can be
affected by hazards.

4. Gender- is another consideration when talking about sensitivity
in disaster risk. According to united Nations (UN), gender
perspective in disaster risk reduction helps gender-specific
capacities vulnerabilities to prepare, confront, and recover from
disasters.

5. Vulnerability
Explains how people and the differences among them
contribute to the situation or context wherein they
operate.
- Is the inability to resists a hazard or to respond when a
disaster has occured.

6. Hazard:
Waves, storms,
erosion, sea level
rise
Exposure:
Population and
infrastructure
situated in low-
lying coastal
areas
Vulnirability:
Susceptiability to
damage and
capacity to cope
and/or adapt
Risk

7. Different Types of Vulnerability
1. Social vulnerability – a situation such as a lack of inclusion
of women in decision-making may lead to more vulnerable
communities.
2. Psychological vulnerability – this pertains to the trauma to
an unhealthy condition.
3. Physical vulnerability – this includes physical assets such
as money and houses.

8. Vulnerability can be seen in many ways...
• Economic factors associated with the levels of savings, debt,
and availability of credit and insurance.
• Physical vulnerabilities, including geographical location and
infrastructure.
• Social vulnerabilities such as education, peace and order, good
governance, health and nutrition .
• Environmental vulnerablities are caused by natural resources
depletion and destruction.

9. Vulnerability Assessment
A vulnerability assessment is hence a crucial component to
initiate preparedness planning.
Vulnerability assessment is essentially a methodology by
which we can measure the community’s susceptibility to
hazards and resilience to cope and withstand the impacts of
hazards.

10. In a nutshell, vulnerability assessments should:
• identify the characteristics, frequency; and potential severity of the
hazards a community faces;
• identify the particular geographical areas and communities that are
most susceptible and vulnerable to hazards;
• identify the main sectors of a community that would be affected
by a specific type of hazard and inticipate how thay might be
affected; and
• assess the ability of communities to withstand and cope with the
effects of hazardous phenomena.

11. Importance of Vulnerability Assessment
• First, this is central in developing disaster preparedness
plans. It serves as a roadmap used by decision-makers in
crafting framework for and response disaster.
• Second, vunerability assessment indicates where the impacts
of the disaster are mostly to be evident. This assessment
may facilitate prioritization of activities and identification
of target groups and program beneficiaries.

12. • Third, site-specific vunerability assessment determines
the capacity of the community, or the lack thereof, in
coping with and reducing the adverse impact of the
disaster.
• Finally, vulnerability assessment can impart vital inputs
for the national disaster preparedness strategy. In a
technical level, community-based assessments form part
of the national mobilization of disaster preparedness.

13. Planning
• This process will carry out actions and measures which
are aimed at building the capacity of the community to
cope with and withstand future hazards.

14. Preparedness Planning
Defines the activities and measures taken in advance to
ensure effective response to the impact of hazards.
Furthermore, this component envolves arranging
organizational resources and identifying the rules and
functions of each level.
Thus, preparedness planning largely determines the scale
of loss and damage a community may sustain from the
impact of an actual emergency.

15. Planners
The dynamic process of planning envolves concerted
efforts and mutual trust of organization, interest, groups,
government officials, and affected population.

16. Coordination
In terms of disaster preparedness, vertical and horizontal
coordination are of similar importance in carrying out the
planning efforts.
Vertical coordination is between local and higher authority
while horizontal coordination pertains to engagements
among agencies operating at the same level.
In the event of disaster, decentralization of responsibilities is
generally recommended as it allows more efficient,
immediate, and practical responses.

17. Important Points of Planning
• It clearly defines the objective or set of objectives of the
whole disaster preparedness excercise.
• It reflects a systematic sequence of activities in a logical
and clear manner.
• It assigns specific tasks and responsibilities to the
planners and targeted population.
• It integrates its activities, tasks, and responsibilities to
mobilize the overall disaster preparedness.

18. • It reflects reliable and comprehensive data covering relevant
aspects, such as hazards, vulnerabilities, capacities, and risks.It
consequently analyzes events and anticipates which events are
likely to happen in the future.
• It presents different scales and types or responses which
address extreme events and chaotic events.
• Its information is available and useful for all parties.Its
ownership shall to be everyone involved so that commitment
and trust will be fostered in the planning team.
• It is reviewed and updated regularly to meet the dynamic
process of disaster preparedness.