Lecture

2.  Pre-Impact (Prevention & Mitigation)
1. UNISDR (United Nations Office For Disaster
Risk Reduction-regional Office For Asia And
Pacific )
2. HYOGO Framework for Action on
Disaster Reduction
3. HRVA

3.  Develop
preventive
laws &
regulations
 Implement
advanced
codes and
standards
 Establish
zoning
requirements
 Buy insurance
 Construct
barriers
 Stock disaster
supplies kit
 Develop
mutual aid
agreements
and plans
 Train response
personnel &
concerned
citizens
 Prepare
shelters &
backup
facilities
 Search &
rescue to
identify
affected people
 Assess initial
damage
 Provide first-
aid &
humanitarian
assistance
 Open &
manage
shelters
 Debris removal
 Precise
damage
assessment
 Infrastructure
destruction &
reconstruction
 Restore the
livelihoods
 Community
development
In the Philippines there are at
least 3 Laws on DRMM.
They are:
• RA 10121 “AKA PDRRM of
2010”
• RA 10344 “AKA Risk
Reduction & Preparedness
Equipment Protection Act”
• RA 10821 “AKA Children’s
Emergency Relief &
Protection Act”

4.  United Nations Office for Disaster Risk
Reduction-Regional Office for Asia and
Pacific (UNISDR AP) and United Nations
Economic and Social Commission for Asia
and the Pacific (ESCAP) have provided the
following guidelines on: 7 ways to reduce
vulnerability and prepare for disaster.

5.  Know the hazards, vulnerabilities, and risk.
 Know how to find information about the
weather and how to protect self, family, and
property from potential threats.
 Know how to take immediate actions around
home to help minimize a disaster if
something begins to occur.

6.  A widespread and strong social network
can be very helpful during and after a
disaster.
 Identify those who can be communicated
during the disaster.

7.  Get to know community officials responsible
for things such as announcing mandatory
evacuations.
 Before disasters, identify trusted local media
sources that you know you can count on to
provide valuable information in the event of
an emergency.

8.  Gather items that need to be carried.
 It is traditional to have enough food and
water that could last 3 days.
 If possible, keep a small stockpile of
medication

9.  Includes access to transportation in the
event of disaster, working and personal
vehicle, and neighbors that can evacuate
you with
 Also include things like the freedom to leave
work if needed or the ability to pick up kids
from school in the event of an emergency.

10.  Is often referred to as mitigation and includes
taking actions to reduce or eliminate risks of
impact during a disaster.
 This can include activities such as putting in
levees or dykes on property, raising home,
securing heavy furniture to the wall, buying
flood insurance, and more.

11.  Recognizing where you and your family are
not able to easily adapt, is the first step in
thinking of alternative ways to address them
in a disaster situation.

12.  Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015:
Building the resilience of Nations and
Communities to Disasters is the first plan to
explain, describe and detail the work that is
required from all different sectors and actors to
reduce disaster losses.
 Developed and agreed on with the many
partners needed to reduce disaster risk—
governments, international agencies, disaster
experts and many others—bringing them into a
common system of coordination.

13.  The HFA outlines five properties for action,
and offers guiding principles and practical
means for achieving disaster resilience.
 Its goals is to substantially reduce disaster
losses by 2015 by building the resilience of
nations and communities to disasters. This
means reducing loss of lives and social,
economic, and environmental assets when
hazards strike. The Philippines is a signatory
to this plan.

14. 1. Priority Action 1: ensure that disaster risk
reduction is a national and a local priority
with a strong institutional basis for
implementation.
2. Priority Action 2: identify, assess and
monitor disaster risks and enhance early
warning.
3. Priority Action 3: use knowledge, innovation
and education to build a culture of safety and
resilience at all levels.

15. 4. Priority Action 4: reduce the underlying
factors.
5. Priority Action 5: strengthen disaster
preparedness for effective response at all
levels.

16.  Disasters result from the combination of
hazards, conditions of vulnerability and
insufficient capacity or measures to reduce
the potential negative consequences of risk.
 The purpose of the HRVA is to help a
community make risk-based choices to
address vulnerabilities, mitigate hazards,
and prepare for response to, and recovery
from, a range of hazard events.

17.  Hazards are defined as “phenomenon that
pose a threat to people, structures, economic
assets and which may cause a disaster. They
could be either manmade or natural.
 Is a potentially damaging physical event,
phenomenon, or human activity that may
cause the loss of life, or injury, property
damage, social, and economic disruption or
environmental degradation (UNISDR, 2002).

18.  Risk is the probability of harmful
consequences, or expected losses resulting
from interactions between natural and
human-induced hazards and vulnerable
conditions (UNDP, 2004).
 Disaster risk is the chance of likelihood of
suffering harm and loss as a result of
hazardous event. It closely depends upon the
exposure of something to a hazard.

19.  People, household, and community
structures, facilities and services, livelihood
and economic activities are described as
“elements at risk”
 In many cases. The natural environment is
also an element at risk.

20.  Is a participatory process to assess the
hazards, vulnerabilities and capacities of a
community.
 Through hazard assessment, the
likelihood of the occurrence, the severity
and duration of various hazards is
determined.

21.  Vulnerability assessment identifies what
elements are at risk and the causes of their
vulnerable conditions. The households and
groups that are most exposed to a hazard are
identified.
 The assessment takes into account the
physical, geographical, economic, social, and
political factors that make some people
vulnerable to the dangers of a given hazard.

22.  In the capacity assessment, the
community’s resources and coping strategies
are identified.
 The result of the disaster risks assessment is
a ranking of the disaster risks of the
community as basis of planning for risk
reduction.

23.  Vulnerability is the condition determined by
physical, social, economic, and environmental
factors or processes, which increase the
susceptibility of a community to the impact of
hazards (UNISDR, 2002).
 It is the diminished capacity of an individual or
group to anticipate, cope up, resist, and
recover from the impact of a natural or man-
made hazard.

24.  It also relates to the lack of resilience of the
system to adapt to the extreme situations.
 It could also pertain to epidemiological and
psychological fragilities, ecosystem sensitivity, or
the conditions, circumstances and drives that
make people vulnerable to natural and economic
stressors (De Leon, 2006).
 In general, vulnerability means the potential to
be harmed by natural hazards.

25.  It pertains to elements in the environment
which hazardous events may occur.
 Exposure is a necessary component of a risk
but not sufficient enough to be its
determinant. It means that one can be
considered exposed to a harmful setting or
event but it doesn’t always mean that one is
vulnerable to it.
 To be vulnerable, one of the requirement is to
be exposed

26.  Various elements that may be exposed to
hazards are as follow:
1. Physical vulnerability
a. Human Vulnerability
b. Agricultural vulnerability
c. Structural vulnerability
2. Social vulnerability
3. Economic vulnerability
4. Environmental vulnerability

27. 1. Getting
Started
2. Identify
Hazards
3. Understand
Community Risk &
Resilience
4. Assess Hazard
Likelihood &
Change to
Likelihood
5. Assess
Consequences
6. Build a Risk
Profile
7. Identify Risk
Reduction
Strategies
8. Generate &
Assemble your
Report
9. Review &
Approve your
Report
2. Identify Hazards
• Gather Hazard Info
• Conduct Hazard Identification
Workshops
• Conduct Hazard Identification
Interviews
• Select Applicable Hazards
from hazards list
• Define any unique local
hazards
• Provide a progress report to
the executive committee
3.Understand Community
Resilience
• Describe Existing Risk Reduction
Measures
• Gather or Generate Community
Maps
• Identify Critical Assets &
Infrastructure
• Identify Social & Economic
Vulnerabilities
• Identify Physical &
Environmental vulnerabilities
• Identify underlying Risk Drivers
• Write Hazard Scenarios
4.Assess Hazard Likelihood
• Gather & Apply Knowledge
• Determine Historical Likelihood
Score
• Understand & Document
Changing Likelihood
• Assess future likelihood
• Conduct a Hazard Likelihood
Assessment Workshop
5.Assess Consequence
• Review consequence
Categories & rating System
• Rate & Document
Consequences
• Conduct a Hazard
Consequence Assessment
Workshop
6.Build a Risk Profile
• Read about Risk Matrices
• Generate Risk Level
• Generate Risk Matrix &
Consequence Graph
• Review Hazard Priority
Levels
7.Identify Risk Reduction
Strategies
• Review Risk Reduction
Measures already in Place
• Recommend New Risk
Reduction Measures
• Conduct a Risk Reduction
Measures Workshop
8.Generate & Assemble your
Report
• Generate Preliminary Report
• Assemble Companion
Documents
• Assemble & Review Final
Report (Draft)
• Present the HRVA Report to
your Management
Committee
9.Review & Approve Your
Report
• Obtain Feedback from
Partners
• Determine a Maintenance
Schedule
• Submit Report for Official
Approval
• Publish & Share Final Report
• Provide Document Feedback

28. Thank You
!