Dr.laith notes about common radiological signs
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This document lists and describes various common radiological signs seen on imaging studies. Some of the signs mentioned include the Hilum Overlay Sign seen on chest x-rays, the Fat Pad Sign seen on elbow x-rays, and the Onion Skin Periosteal Reaction seen on x-rays of bones affected by conditions such as Ewing's sarcoma or osteomyelitis. Many of the signs described relate to specific abnormalities seen on imaging of the lungs, bones, abdomen and gastrointestinal system that can help radiologists identify different diseases or pathologies.
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This document provides a list of clinical conditions organized by body system. It includes over 200 pathologies affecting the chest, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, genitourinary system, female reproductive system, head and neck, and others. The list serves as a reference for learning about various disease processes and their radiologic manifestations to help with successful patient management.
Radiological signs
Radiological signs provide important diagnostic information for physicians. X-rays and other imaging tests allow doctors to see inside the body and examine bones, organs, and other tissues for abnormalities. Certain findings on scans and images can help confirm or rule out medical conditions and guide treatment decisions.
Lumbar spinal stenosis surgery
Do you have low back pain and it does not go away?Then be careful.It may be Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. The term lumbar spinal stenosis refers to a narrowing of the an individual's spinal canal. This happens when the growth of bone or other tissue (or possibly the combination of the two) reduces the size of the opening in the spinal bones. Our website spinalstenosis.org can help you to provide more information about Lumbar Spinal Stenosis,its treatment and about the surgery .
Oa for undergraduates
1. Osteoarthritis is a slowly progressive degenerative disease leading to gradual loss of articular cartilage that affects the entire joint, including bone, cartilage, ligaments and synovial membrane.
2. It is classified as primary, which commonly affects weight-bearing joints and is age-related, or secondary, which has an identifiable cause such as joint injury.
3. Treatment involves both non-pharmacological options like exercise and weight control as well as pharmacological therapies including analgesics, NSAIDs, viscosupplementation and surgery for advanced cases.
Cervical spinal stenosis surgery
Do you have low back pain and it does not go away?Then be careful.It may be Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. The term lumbar spinal stenosis refers to a narrowing of the an individual's spinal canal. This happens when the growth of bone or other tissue (or possibly the combination of the two) reduces the size of the opening in the spinal bones.
Anatomical basis of spread of breast carcinoma
Breast carcinoma can spread through three main routes: lymphatic spread to axillary lymph nodes, hematogenous spread through the bloodstream to distant organs, and direct extension into surrounding tissues. The lymphatic drainage of the breast is primarily to the axillary lymph nodes, with some drainage also occurring to the parasternal lymph nodes. The axillary lymph nodes are divided into three levels based on their location relative to the pectoralis minor muscle. Metastasis to regional lymph nodes can occur early in the progression of breast cancer.
dr.salah, radiology, joint disease 2nd lect
This document provides a summary of various joint diseases and conditions as seen on radiographs. It compares and contrasts osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, describing features such as joint space narrowing, erosion, and subchondral sclerosis. Infectious arthritis, septic arthritis, and Charcot joints are also summarized. Avascular necrosis, Perthes' disease, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, and developmental dysplasia of the hips are discussed along with their characteristic radiographic findings.
Radiological signs in thoracic imaging ( AJR article)
IMPORTANT
THE MATERIAL OF THIS LECTURE IS DERIVED FROM THIS ARTICLE: RADIOLOGICAL SIGNS IN THORACIC IMAGING: CASE-BASED REVIEW AND SELF-ASSESSMENT MODULE. PUBLISHED IN AJR MARCH 2009
Noninfective inflammatory arthropathy- RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that commonly affects the small joints of the hands and feet. It results from an autoimmune response causing synovial inflammation and destruction of articular cartilage and bone. Early radiographic signs include soft tissue swelling, joint space widening, and juxta-articular osteopenia. Later findings consist of joint space narrowing, erosions, subluxations, and bony ankylosis. MRI is the best imaging modality for detecting early synovitis, bone marrow edema, and erosions. Characteristic sites of involvement include the second and third MCP and PIP joints bilaterally.
CT interesting cases
This document summarizes several case studies examined by CT imaging. The first case discusses a 62-year-old male smoker found to have lung cancer with metastases to the brain and adrenal gland. A second case involves a 13-year-old female with acute appendicitis in an atypical retrocolic and pararenal location. A third case is about a 22-year-old female with back pain and imaging findings suggestive of a compression fracture or possible metastases. The document then briefly mentions two additional cases of sigmoid cancer and ankylosing spondylitis detected on CT scans.
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Radiology ----Classical Signs in GIT Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
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Radiological signs in thoracic imaging ( AJR article)
Radiological signs in thoracic imaging ( AJR article)
Noninfective inflammatory arthropathy- RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Noninfective inflammatory arthropathy- RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
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This document provides an overview of chest x-ray basics and interpretation. It discusses key radiographic densities seen on CXRs and different chest x-ray views. The document outlines how to assess image quality factors like inspiration, penetration, and rotation. It then describes the systematic approach to interpreting various anatomical structures on CXRs like the airway, bones, heart, diaphragm, lungs, and hila. Common abnormalities are defined, such as consolidation, atelectasis, effusions, masses, and interstitial lung disease.
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This document discusses the evaluation and management of abdominal pain using imaging modalities. It covers:
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This document provides descriptions and radiographic signs of various pulmonary conditions seen on chest x-rays and CT scans. It includes definitions of terms like secondary lobule and centrilobular emphysema. Specific pathologies covered include Langerhans cell histiocytosis, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, pulmonary fibrosis patterns, and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. Radiographic findings are presented for different conditions along with accompanying CT images to illustrate signs like cysts, nodules, and reticulation. Differential diagnoses are discussed based on imaging appearance.
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This document describes several radiographic signs seen on chest x-rays and CT scans. It provides brief definitions and explanations for signs such as the ginkgo leaf sign, Golden S sign, holly leaf sign, coin lesion, and reverse halo sign among others. Each sign provides clues to possible underlying conditions based on their appearance on imaging studies.
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This document summarizes 10 radiology cases:
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2. A 26-year-old male who fell from height showed signs of bilateral pneumothoraces, pulmonary contusions, and small amount of gas in the posterior mediastinum.
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LUNG MASSES
The document discusses the evaluation of pulmonary masses and nodules seen on imaging. It defines a mass as greater than 3 cm in diameter and a nodule as 3 cm or less. Location, size, number, characteristics like calcification and cavitation, and doubling times are among the factors used to evaluate lesions. Specific entities like lung cancer often appear as solitary, thick-walled cavitary masses. Cystic lesions may demonstrate water density. Fat density suggests conditions like lipoid pneumonia. Adjacent bone destruction is strongly suggestive of lung cancer.
Special path image
The document describes various pathologies of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine observed during endoscopy and microscopy. It includes images and descriptions of acute esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, esophageal cancer, esophageal varices, gastric and duodenal ulcers, Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric cancer, small bowel infarction, and hernia. Clinical histories and characteristics of each condition are provided.
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This document provides a classification and descriptions of various lung abnormalities visualized on radiography. It groups abnormalities according to their shape, size and distribution. Examples include bilateral total homogeneous shadows caused by conditions like pulmonary edema, bilateral opacity in the major part of the lung seen in diseases such as pulmonary edema and pneumonia, and unilateral total homogeneous opacity associated with pleural effusions or lung collapse. Circular or oval homogeneous shadows over 2cm may indicate tumors, infections or other pathologies. Multiple descriptions and radiologic findings of specific lung diseases are also provided.
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Dr.laith notes about common radiological signs
- 1. Common Radiological signs Presented by Dr Laith fadhel MBchB, P.G.C.R
- 2. Hilum Overlay Sign differentiates large pulmonary artery from hilar mass on chest x-ray; mass superimposes on vessels
- 3. Fat Pad Sign elevation of extrasynovial, intracapsular fat around the elbow as a result of distension of the joint by an effusion, usually traumatic
- 4. David Letterman Sign widening of distance between the scaphoid and lunate (>3mm) on PA view from ligament disruption-AKA Terry Thomas sign
- 5. Onion Skin Periosteal Reaction lamellar reaction from concentric layers of new growth seen in Ewing's, osteomyelitis, and osteosarcoma
- 6. Codman's Triangle triangular elevation of periosteum from an aggressive, usually malignant, bone tumor such as an osteosarcoma
- 7. Oil Droplets multiple punched-out lytic defects seen in multiple myeloma
- 8. Cotton Wool Appearance islands of poorly marginated sclerotic disease surrounded by less dense skull in Paget disease
- 9. Cobra Head Abnormality rounded dilatation of distal ureter, surrounded by thin lucent line, seen in patients with adult-type ureteroceles
- 10. Mercedes Benz Sign Tri-radiate appearance of air in gallstone seen on CT and plain films
- 11. Omental Cake plaque-like Neoplastic infiltration of the greater omentum most often caused by stomach, colon or ovarian carcinoma
- 12. Crescent Sign appearance of a sliver of air usually best seen beneath the right hemi diaphragm in pneumoperitoneum
- 13. Falciform Ligament Sign visualization of usually invisible falciform ligament from surrounding air in pneumoperitoneum
- 14. Corkscrew Esophagus constricted, twisted lumen usually seen in diffuse esophageal spasm from abnormal, tertiary contractions
- 15. Thumb printing indentation in contrast or air-filled bowel lumen caused by sub mucosal infiltration and resembling a thumbprint; e.g. ischemia
- 16. Cobblestone Appearance GI-alternating normal and denuded mucosa from ulceration, esp. in Cohn's disease of the colon
- 17. Lead Pipe Colon rigid, ahaustral appearance of colon classically seen with chronic ulcerative colitis
- 18. Coffee-bean Sign dilated sigmoid colon in sigmoid volvulus thought to resemble a giant coffee-bean
- 19. Colon Cutoff Sign dilated transverse colon, usually to splenic flexure, associated with pancreatitis or ischemic colitis
- 20. Apple Core appearance of an annular constricting carcinoma of the bowel, usually the colon, from circumferential involvement of lumen