Early Colonizing Bacteria in the GI Tract - Lessons from Poultry and Strategies for Swine - Dr. Tom Rehberger, President, Agro BioSciences, from the 2016 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 17-20, 2016, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-leman-swine-conference-material
The document discusses factors that influence the establishment and spread of exotic species. It summarizes research showing that areas with higher native species diversity tend to also have higher exotic diversity, and that ruderal native plants in particular facilitate the establishment of exotic plants. Evidence from studies of birds also suggests exotic birds are more common in urban than natural areas, and utilize habitat and food resources more than native birds. The document then discusses life history traits like fast growth and high propagule pressure that allow some species to establish populations despite small initial numbers and lack of adaptation to the new environment.
New technologies for manufacturing recombinant products in embryonated eggsEluemuno R Blyden
Â
New non-GMO vector technologies for expressing recombinant proteins in hen eggs offer a novel development and production platform for biologics and vaccines. By upgrading egg-based manufacturing, these technologies bring a wealth of experience and resources to the 21st Century fight against emerging diseases. The AdCEV(TM) vector technology developed by AfriVax and the Sendai Virus vector technologies can potentially improve manufacturing in eggs by increasing yields, expanding the repertoire of possible products, and increasing biosafety. With AdCEV(TM) technology, eggs can be used as miniature bioreactors for rapidly manufacturing a wide range of high-value biopharmaceuticals. The speed with which recombinant products can be developed, scaled and manufactured with these technologies offers a unique competitive advantage compared to other industrial technologies like cell culture and plants.
This document discusses hatchery design and technology standards. It notes that modern hatcheries are expected to meet higher standards around preventing disease spread, improving efficiency, meeting animal welfare requirements, and optimizing incubation conditions for performance. Key factors in hatchery design include layout, airflow, sanitation procedures, incubation equipment tailored to current high-yield genetics, automation, and addressing food safety, welfare and labor concerns. The optimal design considers the unique needs of the embryo at each stage of incubation to maximize chick quality and yield.
This document discusses research from 4Life on transfer factors and their impact on the immune system. It summarizes a study showing that consuming 4Life Transfer Factor supplements significantly increased levels of secretory IgA, an antibody that is the body's first line of defense, in participants' saliva within 2 weeks. This was the first evidence that transfer factors can positively affect the immune system's B cells and antibody function. The document also outlines new 4Life products released in 2009 like RioVida Burst and Transfer Factor Spray designed to provide transfer factors and support immune function.
Poultry House Management for Alternative ProductionElisaMendelsohn
Â
The indoor environment and management are crucial for free-range poultry production. Alternative poultry production usually includes outdoor access but also requires attention to the indoor environment like ventilation, temperature, lighting and litter conditions. The publication provides information on managing these indoor environmental conditions for small-scale alternative poultry production.
Isolation , characterization and comparative study of lactobacillus sp. using...Vaibhav Maurya
Â
The document summarizes a study that aimed to isolate, characterize, and compare Lactobacillus strains from different milk product samples. Various tests were performed on isolated strains including Gram staining, biochemical tests, analysis of growth parameters like absorbance and pH, and FTIR analysis. Results showed that the Lactobacillus ATCC 7469 strain and a strain isolated from Bifilac produced the highest amounts of lactic acid and had growth most similar to the reference strain based on FTIR analysis. The study characterized and compared Lactobacillus isolates from different milk sources.
The document discusses factors that influence the establishment and spread of exotic species. It summarizes research showing that areas with higher native species diversity tend to also have higher exotic diversity, and that ruderal native plants in particular facilitate the establishment of exotic plants. Evidence from studies of birds also suggests exotic birds are more common in urban than natural areas, and utilize habitat and food resources more than native birds. The document then discusses life history traits like fast growth and high propagule pressure that allow some species to establish populations despite small initial numbers and lack of adaptation to the new environment.
New technologies for manufacturing recombinant products in embryonated eggsEluemuno R Blyden
Â
New non-GMO vector technologies for expressing recombinant proteins in hen eggs offer a novel development and production platform for biologics and vaccines. By upgrading egg-based manufacturing, these technologies bring a wealth of experience and resources to the 21st Century fight against emerging diseases. The AdCEV(TM) vector technology developed by AfriVax and the Sendai Virus vector technologies can potentially improve manufacturing in eggs by increasing yields, expanding the repertoire of possible products, and increasing biosafety. With AdCEV(TM) technology, eggs can be used as miniature bioreactors for rapidly manufacturing a wide range of high-value biopharmaceuticals. The speed with which recombinant products can be developed, scaled and manufactured with these technologies offers a unique competitive advantage compared to other industrial technologies like cell culture and plants.
This document discusses hatchery design and technology standards. It notes that modern hatcheries are expected to meet higher standards around preventing disease spread, improving efficiency, meeting animal welfare requirements, and optimizing incubation conditions for performance. Key factors in hatchery design include layout, airflow, sanitation procedures, incubation equipment tailored to current high-yield genetics, automation, and addressing food safety, welfare and labor concerns. The optimal design considers the unique needs of the embryo at each stage of incubation to maximize chick quality and yield.
This document discusses research from 4Life on transfer factors and their impact on the immune system. It summarizes a study showing that consuming 4Life Transfer Factor supplements significantly increased levels of secretory IgA, an antibody that is the body's first line of defense, in participants' saliva within 2 weeks. This was the first evidence that transfer factors can positively affect the immune system's B cells and antibody function. The document also outlines new 4Life products released in 2009 like RioVida Burst and Transfer Factor Spray designed to provide transfer factors and support immune function.
Poultry House Management for Alternative ProductionElisaMendelsohn
Â
The indoor environment and management are crucial for free-range poultry production. Alternative poultry production usually includes outdoor access but also requires attention to the indoor environment like ventilation, temperature, lighting and litter conditions. The publication provides information on managing these indoor environmental conditions for small-scale alternative poultry production.
Isolation , characterization and comparative study of lactobacillus sp. using...Vaibhav Maurya
Â
The document summarizes a study that aimed to isolate, characterize, and compare Lactobacillus strains from different milk product samples. Various tests were performed on isolated strains including Gram staining, biochemical tests, analysis of growth parameters like absorbance and pH, and FTIR analysis. Results showed that the Lactobacillus ATCC 7469 strain and a strain isolated from Bifilac produced the highest amounts of lactic acid and had growth most similar to the reference strain based on FTIR analysis. The study characterized and compared Lactobacillus isolates from different milk sources.
This document summarizes a presentation about probiotics in poultry nutrition. It discusses how single-strain probiotics often fail to reliably impact birds because they do not colonize the entire gastrointestinal tract or stay long after consumption stops. An effective probiotic should be multi-strain, species-specific, and well-positioned to colonize the whole GI tract, multiply faster, and be less eliminated. Trials demonstrate that the probiotic PoultryStar reduced issues like lameness, inflammation, and necrotic enteritis in poultry. The presentation provides information on selecting probiotic strains and applying probiotics in poultry to enhance immunity and gut health.
This document discusses various feed additives used in livestock and poultry production. It defines feed additives as non-nutrient substances that can accelerate growth, improve feed efficiency, or benefit health or metabolism. The document then provides a broad classification of common feed additives including growth promoters, disease preventing agents, supplements, and auxiliary substances. Specific examples within each category are listed and described in more detail.
The document discusses the avian digestive system. It describes the major digestive organs like the mouth, esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, ceca, large intestine, and cloaca. It explains the functions of these organs and how they aid in digestion. Accessory digestive glands like the salivary glands, pancreas, and liver are also described. The mechanisms of enzyme production and activation in the digestive system are briefly covered.
Digestive system of poultry (avian physiology)mithu mehr
Â
The document summarizes the digestive system of poultry. It describes the 10 main parts of the digestive tract from mouth to vent. It also discusses 3 accessory digestive glands - salivary glands, pancreas, and liver. For each part and gland, it provides details on structure, secretions, and role in digestion. The mechanisms of enzyme production and activation are also explained.
The document evaluates the antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus isolated from curd samples against human pathogens. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from curd using MRS media and identified through morphological and biochemical tests as Lactobacillus species. The isolated Lactobacillus strains were screened for their ability to produce bacteriocin exhibiting antagonistic activity against indicator strains like E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus using agar well diffusion assays. Clear inhibition zones were observed around the wells indicating the isolated Lactobacillus strains could produce bacteriocin with antimicrobial activity against pathogens.
This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus isolated from curd samples against common pathogens. Lactobacillus strains were isolated from curd using MRS media and identified through morphological and biochemical tests. The isolates were screened for bacteriocin production using agar well diffusion assay against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Clear inhibition zones were observed around the wells containing supernatant from Lactobacillus cultures, indicating they produced bacteriocin with antimicrobial activity against the test pathogens. This demonstrates the potential of using bacteriocin from Lactobacillus as natural preservatives.
The document discusses the gut microbiota. It states that the gut contains trillions of microbes including bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses. These microbes help digest food, harvest energy, regulate the immune system and prevent diseases like IBS and cancer. Techniques to study the gut microbiota include culturing, PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization and direct sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Pyrosequencing provides high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and allows identification of unknown bacterial species. Stool samples are commonly used to study the gut microbiota as they are easier to collect than biopsy samples.
The document discusses probiotics, which are live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed. It defines probiotics and lists common types including various Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium bacteria. The document then outlines uses of probiotics for humans, cattle/poultry, and aquaculture. It provides a table of commercial probiotic strains and discusses specific probiotic supplements including Bio-K+, Bio-K+ Fruity, Bio-K+ Dairy Free, and Bio-Kaps Regular Strength.
An overview of the internal organs of the female chicken is shown in figures and number of different systems are represented and they will be discussed individually.Contents:
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Skeletal system
Muscle system
Reproductive system - female
Reproductive system - male
Circulatory system
Nervous system
Excretory system
Immune system
An overview of the internal organs of the female chicken is shown in Figure 3.1. A
number of different systems are represented and they will be discussed individually.
Production of lactic acid and acidic acidTHILAKAR MANI
Â
This document discusses the production of acetic acid and lactic acid. It provides details on:
- Acetic acid production through chemical reactions, fossil fuels, and biological processes using acetic acid bacteria. The biological process can be aerobic or anaerobic.
- Anaerobic acetic acid production is a two-step fermentation process using yeast and Acetobacter bacteria. Clostridium bacteria can also be used in anaerobic processes.
- Lactic acid is a product of carbohydrate fermentation and is produced by microbes and higher organisms during metabolism. It has various uses including in dairy and cheese production.
The document discusses the gut microbiota and its importance. It notes that the gut contains trillions of microbes, weighing up to 5 lbs, with thousands of bacterial species. The major phyla include Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. The gut microbiota plays key roles in digesting nutrients, preventing pathogenic growth, and supporting metabolic and immune system functions. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with obesity, stress, anxiety, depression, autism and other conditions. Future research on the gut microbiota is needed to better understand its development and impact on health and disease.
VHIR Seminar led by Joel DorĂŠ. Research Director. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Abstract: The human intestinal tract harbours a complex microbial ecosystem which plays a key role in nutrition and health. Interactions between food constituents, microbes and the host organism derive from a long co-evolution that resulted in a mutualistic association.
Current investigations into the human faecal metagenome are delivering an extensive gene repertoire representative of functional potentials of the human intestinal microbiota. The most redundant genomic traits of the human intestinal microbiota are identified and thereby its functional balance. These observation point towards the existence of enterotypes, i.e. microbiota sharing specific traits but yet independent of geographic origin, age, sex etc.. It also shows a unique segregation of the human population into individuals with low versus high gene-counts. In the end, it not only gives an unprecedented view of the intestinal microbiota, but it also significantly expands our ability to look for specificities of the microbiota associated with human diseases and to ultimately validate microbial signatures of prognostic and diagnostic value in immune mediated diseases.
Metagenomics of the human intestinal tract was applied to specifically compare obese versus lean individuals as well as to explore the dynamic changes associated with a severe calory-restricted diet. Microbiota structure differs with body-mass index and a limited set of marker species may be used as diagnostic model with a >85% predictive value. Among obese subjects; the overall phenotypic characteristics are worse in individuals with low gene counts microbiota, including a worse evolution of morphometric parameters over a period of 10 years, a low grade inflammatory context also associated with insulin-resistance, and the worst response to dietary constraints in terms of weight loss or improvement of biological and inflammatory characteristics. Low gene count microbiota is also associated with less favourable conditions in inflammatory bowel disease, such as higher relapse rate in ulcerative colitis patients.
Finally, microbiota transplantation has seen a regain of interest with applications expanding from Clostridium difficile infections to immune mediated and metabolic diseases.
The human intestinal microbiota should hence be regarded as a true organ, amenable to rationally designed modulation for human health.
Probiotics- unfolding their potential in boosting poultry industryX S
Â
Definition:
âLiving microorganisms when conferred in sufficient amount on the host, will render beneficial effects on health.â(FAO/WHO)
Lactobacillus, Candida, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, Aspergillus, and Saccharomyces spp.
History
Ălie Metchnikoff (20th century)
Werner Kolath(1953)
Probiotics for poultry
Need of Probiotics?
Selection criteria
Probiotics in poultry industry
First decisive incident
Commercial vs. wild chicken
Selection criteria
Probiotic requirement in poultry (concept)
How probiotics act?
Maintain normal intestinal microflora
competitive exclusion and resistance
Change metabolism
speeding digestive enzyme activity
Perk up feed intake and digestion
Diminish bacterial enzyme activity and ammonia production
Stimulate the immune system
Evaluation of probiotics on poultry
Growth performance
Intestinal microbiota and morphology
Immune response
Meat quality/chicken caracass
Side effects(toxicity of ingredients)
Growth performance
broilers fed with two probiotic species put on more weight(Lan et al.,2003 )
weight gain significantly higher in probiotic fed birds(Kabir et al.,2004) .
inactivated probiotics have constructive actions on the production achievement (Huang et al.,2004).
Contâd
values of giblets and dressing percentage elevated for probiotic fed broilers (Mahanjan et al.,1999)
Intestinal microbiota and morphology
Probiotics inhibited pathogens by dwelling on intestinal wall space(Kabir et al.,2005 )
Birds fed dietary B. subtilis for 28 days displayed better growth and prominent intestinal histologies. (Samanya and Yamauchi.,2002)
Chicks given Lactobacillus strains had less amount of coliforms in cecal grindings(Watkins and Kratzer.,1983 ).
Contâd
L. salivarius 3d strain decreased the number of Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella enteritidis (Kizerwetter-Swida and Binek., 2009).
Probiotic species have an implicit action on regulation of intestinal microflora and pathogen occlusion (Higgins et al., 2007)
Immune response
Higher amount of antibody production(Kabir et al.,2005 )
Improved serum and intestinal antibodies to a foreign antigens in chickens (Haghighi et al.,2005)
Probiotics protected broilers against Eimeria acervulina infection even with a moderate dose (Dalloul et al.,2003)
Contâd
Better local immune defenses against coccidiosis.
Splenocytes and cecal tonsil cells, STAT2 and STAT4 genes were greatly stimulated and the expression of STAT2, STAT4, IL-18, IFN-alpha, and IFN-gamma genes in cecal tonsil cells were up-regulated after treating with L. acidophilus DNA.
Additive probiotic supplements were ineffective on systemic IgG (Midilli et al.,2008 ).
The document discusses the importance of gut microbiota and microbial diversity in gut health and disease. It notes that the gut is home to trillions of microorganisms that play a vital role in digestion, immunity, and overall health. A balanced gut microbiota supports digestive health, but disruptions to this balance through factors like antibiotics, poor diet, pollution, and stress can lead to gut dysbiosis and conditions like leaky gut syndrome. Maintaining a healthy gut microbiota through a fiber-rich diet, limiting sugars and processed foods, taking probiotics, and avoiding overuse of antibiotics is key for overall wellness.
This document provides an overview of probiotics, focusing on the bacteria Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. It discusses the history of probiotics, why they are important for human health, examples of foods containing probiotics, and their mechanisms of action. The document also covers commercial probiotic strains, genetically engineered probiotics, prebiotics, and Indian probiotic manufacturers.
Conclusions
⢠Each additive affects microflora in a different manner
⢠Succesful and Sustentable Additives should contribute to mantain microflora diversity
⢠Some additives may also affect the host directly, not only the microbial communities
⢠Effects at host level should be understood and used to improve holistic efficiency
Microbiome, gut function and immunity finalElla Allred
Â
The microbiome refers to the trillions of microorganisms that live in and on the human body. The microbiome plays a crucial role in human health, affecting functions of the immune system, digestive system, and other body systems. The microbiome is established early in life, beginning in the placenta and developing further during birth and through breastfeeding. Maintaining a healthy microbiome involves avoiding overuse of antibiotics, eating a high-fiber diet with fermented foods, limiting stress, and consuming prebiotic and probiotic supplements. Imbalances in the microbiome are linked to various diseases like IBS, IBD, and metabolic disorders.
The document reports on Muhammad Tanveer Shah's 16-week internship at the Government Poultry Farm in Quetta from September 19, 2011 to January 8, 2012. The farm breeds layers and broilers for commercial egg and meat production. Management of the layers and broilers involves selection of breeds, housing, feeding, vaccination schedules, and disease control protocols carried out on a weekly basis to optimize production.
The document discusses breeding and seed production techniques for various aquaculture species in Southeast Asia. It covers the life cycles, sexual maturity sizes, spawning seasons and methods, larval rearing protocols, and hatchery management practices for marine fish, tilapia, crustaceans, and abalone. Constraints to sustainable aquaculture development in the region include the availability of technology, seed supply, suitable feeds, disease management, and trained personnel.
The document summarizes the results of a 7-week swine production training program, including:
- Key activities learned like artificial insemination, castration, medication administration, and feeding/cleaning.
- Technical results for individual sows and the whole unit, including litter size, mortality rates, and growth performance.
- Observations made on farm facilities, staff, and operations.
- Lessons learned from hands-on experience and recommendations to improve the farm.
The training program provided practical experience in applying swine breeding, feeding, and management concepts. Trainees gained skills through activities like artificial insemination and medication administration. Production results and daily records and were analyzed.
1) The document examines the effect of early feeding strategies on broiler chicken performance. 420 male broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups - a control group without early feeding and 3 treatment groups that received early access to boiled egg whites, orange pieces, or a pre-starter diet.
2) Results showed that early feeding with orange or the pre-starter diet led to improved growth performance, organ development, and carcass characteristics compared to the control or egg white groups. Economically, these two treatments also had the highest efficiency.
3) In conclusion, providing feed access in the hatchery or during transport benefits broiler performance and it is recommended for practical use in the industry. The first week of a bro
Layer breeder management by Dr.Nikhil NalabaleNiksreddy1
Â
This document provides an overview of layer breeder management. It discusses breeding objectives such as egg production, disease resistance, and reproductive efficiency. It also covers housing and environmental considerations, nutrition management, health management, and reproductive management for layer breeders. The goal of layer breeder management is to selectively breed laying hens that produce high-quality eggs efficiently through specialized rearing and breeding practices.
This document summarizes a presentation about probiotics in poultry nutrition. It discusses how single-strain probiotics often fail to reliably impact birds because they do not colonize the entire gastrointestinal tract or stay long after consumption stops. An effective probiotic should be multi-strain, species-specific, and well-positioned to colonize the whole GI tract, multiply faster, and be less eliminated. Trials demonstrate that the probiotic PoultryStar reduced issues like lameness, inflammation, and necrotic enteritis in poultry. The presentation provides information on selecting probiotic strains and applying probiotics in poultry to enhance immunity and gut health.
This document discusses various feed additives used in livestock and poultry production. It defines feed additives as non-nutrient substances that can accelerate growth, improve feed efficiency, or benefit health or metabolism. The document then provides a broad classification of common feed additives including growth promoters, disease preventing agents, supplements, and auxiliary substances. Specific examples within each category are listed and described in more detail.
The document discusses the avian digestive system. It describes the major digestive organs like the mouth, esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, ceca, large intestine, and cloaca. It explains the functions of these organs and how they aid in digestion. Accessory digestive glands like the salivary glands, pancreas, and liver are also described. The mechanisms of enzyme production and activation in the digestive system are briefly covered.
Digestive system of poultry (avian physiology)mithu mehr
Â
The document summarizes the digestive system of poultry. It describes the 10 main parts of the digestive tract from mouth to vent. It also discusses 3 accessory digestive glands - salivary glands, pancreas, and liver. For each part and gland, it provides details on structure, secretions, and role in digestion. The mechanisms of enzyme production and activation are also explained.
The document evaluates the antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus isolated from curd samples against human pathogens. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from curd using MRS media and identified through morphological and biochemical tests as Lactobacillus species. The isolated Lactobacillus strains were screened for their ability to produce bacteriocin exhibiting antagonistic activity against indicator strains like E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus using agar well diffusion assays. Clear inhibition zones were observed around the wells indicating the isolated Lactobacillus strains could produce bacteriocin with antimicrobial activity against pathogens.
This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus isolated from curd samples against common pathogens. Lactobacillus strains were isolated from curd using MRS media and identified through morphological and biochemical tests. The isolates were screened for bacteriocin production using agar well diffusion assay against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Clear inhibition zones were observed around the wells containing supernatant from Lactobacillus cultures, indicating they produced bacteriocin with antimicrobial activity against the test pathogens. This demonstrates the potential of using bacteriocin from Lactobacillus as natural preservatives.
The document discusses the gut microbiota. It states that the gut contains trillions of microbes including bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses. These microbes help digest food, harvest energy, regulate the immune system and prevent diseases like IBS and cancer. Techniques to study the gut microbiota include culturing, PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization and direct sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Pyrosequencing provides high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and allows identification of unknown bacterial species. Stool samples are commonly used to study the gut microbiota as they are easier to collect than biopsy samples.
The document discusses probiotics, which are live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed. It defines probiotics and lists common types including various Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium bacteria. The document then outlines uses of probiotics for humans, cattle/poultry, and aquaculture. It provides a table of commercial probiotic strains and discusses specific probiotic supplements including Bio-K+, Bio-K+ Fruity, Bio-K+ Dairy Free, and Bio-Kaps Regular Strength.
An overview of the internal organs of the female chicken is shown in figures and number of different systems are represented and they will be discussed individually.Contents:
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Skeletal system
Muscle system
Reproductive system - female
Reproductive system - male
Circulatory system
Nervous system
Excretory system
Immune system
An overview of the internal organs of the female chicken is shown in Figure 3.1. A
number of different systems are represented and they will be discussed individually.
Production of lactic acid and acidic acidTHILAKAR MANI
Â
This document discusses the production of acetic acid and lactic acid. It provides details on:
- Acetic acid production through chemical reactions, fossil fuels, and biological processes using acetic acid bacteria. The biological process can be aerobic or anaerobic.
- Anaerobic acetic acid production is a two-step fermentation process using yeast and Acetobacter bacteria. Clostridium bacteria can also be used in anaerobic processes.
- Lactic acid is a product of carbohydrate fermentation and is produced by microbes and higher organisms during metabolism. It has various uses including in dairy and cheese production.
The document discusses the gut microbiota and its importance. It notes that the gut contains trillions of microbes, weighing up to 5 lbs, with thousands of bacterial species. The major phyla include Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. The gut microbiota plays key roles in digesting nutrients, preventing pathogenic growth, and supporting metabolic and immune system functions. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with obesity, stress, anxiety, depression, autism and other conditions. Future research on the gut microbiota is needed to better understand its development and impact on health and disease.
VHIR Seminar led by Joel DorĂŠ. Research Director. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Abstract: The human intestinal tract harbours a complex microbial ecosystem which plays a key role in nutrition and health. Interactions between food constituents, microbes and the host organism derive from a long co-evolution that resulted in a mutualistic association.
Current investigations into the human faecal metagenome are delivering an extensive gene repertoire representative of functional potentials of the human intestinal microbiota. The most redundant genomic traits of the human intestinal microbiota are identified and thereby its functional balance. These observation point towards the existence of enterotypes, i.e. microbiota sharing specific traits but yet independent of geographic origin, age, sex etc.. It also shows a unique segregation of the human population into individuals with low versus high gene-counts. In the end, it not only gives an unprecedented view of the intestinal microbiota, but it also significantly expands our ability to look for specificities of the microbiota associated with human diseases and to ultimately validate microbial signatures of prognostic and diagnostic value in immune mediated diseases.
Metagenomics of the human intestinal tract was applied to specifically compare obese versus lean individuals as well as to explore the dynamic changes associated with a severe calory-restricted diet. Microbiota structure differs with body-mass index and a limited set of marker species may be used as diagnostic model with a >85% predictive value. Among obese subjects; the overall phenotypic characteristics are worse in individuals with low gene counts microbiota, including a worse evolution of morphometric parameters over a period of 10 years, a low grade inflammatory context also associated with insulin-resistance, and the worst response to dietary constraints in terms of weight loss or improvement of biological and inflammatory characteristics. Low gene count microbiota is also associated with less favourable conditions in inflammatory bowel disease, such as higher relapse rate in ulcerative colitis patients.
Finally, microbiota transplantation has seen a regain of interest with applications expanding from Clostridium difficile infections to immune mediated and metabolic diseases.
The human intestinal microbiota should hence be regarded as a true organ, amenable to rationally designed modulation for human health.
Probiotics- unfolding their potential in boosting poultry industryX S
Â
Definition:
âLiving microorganisms when conferred in sufficient amount on the host, will render beneficial effects on health.â(FAO/WHO)
Lactobacillus, Candida, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, Aspergillus, and Saccharomyces spp.
History
Ălie Metchnikoff (20th century)
Werner Kolath(1953)
Probiotics for poultry
Need of Probiotics?
Selection criteria
Probiotics in poultry industry
First decisive incident
Commercial vs. wild chicken
Selection criteria
Probiotic requirement in poultry (concept)
How probiotics act?
Maintain normal intestinal microflora
competitive exclusion and resistance
Change metabolism
speeding digestive enzyme activity
Perk up feed intake and digestion
Diminish bacterial enzyme activity and ammonia production
Stimulate the immune system
Evaluation of probiotics on poultry
Growth performance
Intestinal microbiota and morphology
Immune response
Meat quality/chicken caracass
Side effects(toxicity of ingredients)
Growth performance
broilers fed with two probiotic species put on more weight(Lan et al.,2003 )
weight gain significantly higher in probiotic fed birds(Kabir et al.,2004) .
inactivated probiotics have constructive actions on the production achievement (Huang et al.,2004).
Contâd
values of giblets and dressing percentage elevated for probiotic fed broilers (Mahanjan et al.,1999)
Intestinal microbiota and morphology
Probiotics inhibited pathogens by dwelling on intestinal wall space(Kabir et al.,2005 )
Birds fed dietary B. subtilis for 28 days displayed better growth and prominent intestinal histologies. (Samanya and Yamauchi.,2002)
Chicks given Lactobacillus strains had less amount of coliforms in cecal grindings(Watkins and Kratzer.,1983 ).
Contâd
L. salivarius 3d strain decreased the number of Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella enteritidis (Kizerwetter-Swida and Binek., 2009).
Probiotic species have an implicit action on regulation of intestinal microflora and pathogen occlusion (Higgins et al., 2007)
Immune response
Higher amount of antibody production(Kabir et al.,2005 )
Improved serum and intestinal antibodies to a foreign antigens in chickens (Haghighi et al.,2005)
Probiotics protected broilers against Eimeria acervulina infection even with a moderate dose (Dalloul et al.,2003)
Contâd
Better local immune defenses against coccidiosis.
Splenocytes and cecal tonsil cells, STAT2 and STAT4 genes were greatly stimulated and the expression of STAT2, STAT4, IL-18, IFN-alpha, and IFN-gamma genes in cecal tonsil cells were up-regulated after treating with L. acidophilus DNA.
Additive probiotic supplements were ineffective on systemic IgG (Midilli et al.,2008 ).
The document discusses the importance of gut microbiota and microbial diversity in gut health and disease. It notes that the gut is home to trillions of microorganisms that play a vital role in digestion, immunity, and overall health. A balanced gut microbiota supports digestive health, but disruptions to this balance through factors like antibiotics, poor diet, pollution, and stress can lead to gut dysbiosis and conditions like leaky gut syndrome. Maintaining a healthy gut microbiota through a fiber-rich diet, limiting sugars and processed foods, taking probiotics, and avoiding overuse of antibiotics is key for overall wellness.
This document provides an overview of probiotics, focusing on the bacteria Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. It discusses the history of probiotics, why they are important for human health, examples of foods containing probiotics, and their mechanisms of action. The document also covers commercial probiotic strains, genetically engineered probiotics, prebiotics, and Indian probiotic manufacturers.
Conclusions
⢠Each additive affects microflora in a different manner
⢠Succesful and Sustentable Additives should contribute to mantain microflora diversity
⢠Some additives may also affect the host directly, not only the microbial communities
⢠Effects at host level should be understood and used to improve holistic efficiency
Microbiome, gut function and immunity finalElla Allred
Â
The microbiome refers to the trillions of microorganisms that live in and on the human body. The microbiome plays a crucial role in human health, affecting functions of the immune system, digestive system, and other body systems. The microbiome is established early in life, beginning in the placenta and developing further during birth and through breastfeeding. Maintaining a healthy microbiome involves avoiding overuse of antibiotics, eating a high-fiber diet with fermented foods, limiting stress, and consuming prebiotic and probiotic supplements. Imbalances in the microbiome are linked to various diseases like IBS, IBD, and metabolic disorders.
The document reports on Muhammad Tanveer Shah's 16-week internship at the Government Poultry Farm in Quetta from September 19, 2011 to January 8, 2012. The farm breeds layers and broilers for commercial egg and meat production. Management of the layers and broilers involves selection of breeds, housing, feeding, vaccination schedules, and disease control protocols carried out on a weekly basis to optimize production.
The document discusses breeding and seed production techniques for various aquaculture species in Southeast Asia. It covers the life cycles, sexual maturity sizes, spawning seasons and methods, larval rearing protocols, and hatchery management practices for marine fish, tilapia, crustaceans, and abalone. Constraints to sustainable aquaculture development in the region include the availability of technology, seed supply, suitable feeds, disease management, and trained personnel.
The document summarizes the results of a 7-week swine production training program, including:
- Key activities learned like artificial insemination, castration, medication administration, and feeding/cleaning.
- Technical results for individual sows and the whole unit, including litter size, mortality rates, and growth performance.
- Observations made on farm facilities, staff, and operations.
- Lessons learned from hands-on experience and recommendations to improve the farm.
The training program provided practical experience in applying swine breeding, feeding, and management concepts. Trainees gained skills through activities like artificial insemination and medication administration. Production results and daily records and were analyzed.
1) The document examines the effect of early feeding strategies on broiler chicken performance. 420 male broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups - a control group without early feeding and 3 treatment groups that received early access to boiled egg whites, orange pieces, or a pre-starter diet.
2) Results showed that early feeding with orange or the pre-starter diet led to improved growth performance, organ development, and carcass characteristics compared to the control or egg white groups. Economically, these two treatments also had the highest efficiency.
3) In conclusion, providing feed access in the hatchery or during transport benefits broiler performance and it is recommended for practical use in the industry. The first week of a bro
Layer breeder management by Dr.Nikhil NalabaleNiksreddy1
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This document provides an overview of layer breeder management. It discusses breeding objectives such as egg production, disease resistance, and reproductive efficiency. It also covers housing and environmental considerations, nutrition management, health management, and reproductive management for layer breeders. The goal of layer breeder management is to selectively breed laying hens that produce high-quality eggs efficiently through specialized rearing and breeding practices.
This document summarizes information presented by Dr. T. Citarasu on aquaculture and disease control. It discusses the importance of aquaculture as a lucrative industry with opportunities for growth. However, diseases pose significant economic losses. The document then outlines current problems in aquaculture including disease outbreaks and issues with antibiotic usage. It proposes alternative disease control methods like herbal medicines, immunostimulants, probiotics, and recombinant technologies like edible antibodies, DNA vaccines, and RNA interference to control pathogens.
A broiler management course is a program designed to educate farmers, poultry producers, and other interested individuals on the best practices for managing broiler chickens. Broiler chickens are raised for meat production and require specialized care to ensure their growth, health, and well-being. The course typically covers various aspects of broiler management, including housing, feeding, health management, and disease prevention. It may also cover topics such as breeding, hatching, and marketing of broiler chickens. Participants in a broiler management course will learn about the different types of broiler housing and the best practices for managing temperature, ventilation, and lighting to ensure optimal growth and production. They will also learn about the various types of broiler feed and how to formulate a balanced diet that meets the nutritional requirements of broiler chickens. Health management is a critical aspect of broiler management, and the course will cover topics such as biosecurity measures, vaccination programs, and disease diagnosis and treatment. Participants will learn how to recognize common health problems in broiler chickens and how to implement preventative measures to keep their flocks healthy. Marketing is also an important aspect of broiler management, and the course may cover topics such as market analysis, pricing strategies, and distribution channels. Overall, a broiler management course provides participants with the knowledge and skills needed to raise healthy, productive broiler chickens, and to operate a successful broiler farming business.
Defined, consistent quality: The only all-in-one solution to simplify algae engineering:
GeneArtÂŽ Algae Engineering Kits for rapid production. Previously, algae research and production labs relied on poorly characterized, non-optimized cell stocks and cloning tools for their work. Preparing growth medium was convoluted and time-consuming, and growth rates and yields from the transformed cells were disappointing. New GeneArtÂŽ Algae Engineering Kits for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Synechococcus elongatus are the first commercially available genetic modification and expression systems for photosynthetic microalgae. These kits are designed for rapid scale-up and production and consistent, defined quality.
Metagenomic and Nutrigenomics of Indonesian TempeICTempe
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1. The document discusses tempeh, a fermented soy product made through the growth of Rhizopus molds on soybeans. Tempeh production generates enzymes like proteases and lipases that break down soybeans into simpler, more digestible compounds.
2. The document presents various studies analyzing the microbial communities involved in tempeh production, including bacteria, yeasts, and molds. Methods like T-RFLP and ARISA are used to study bacterial and fungal diversity and compare community profiles between different tempeh samples.
3. NGS sequencing is also used to analyze microbial communities in tempeh. Studies find that Klebsiella pneumoniae, commonly found in Indonesian tempeh, is
Eric nutrition part of ATB Free meat production chain?John Vietnam
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This document discusses strategies for producing pigs without using antibiotics, focusing on the importance of nutrition. It outlines several nutritional management practices that can support animal health and reduce disease, including balancing protein levels, selecting high-quality feed ingredients, and managing gut flora through probiotics and prebiotics. Overall, the document argues that nutrition is a key part of the solution for antibiotic-free meat production by supporting animal immunity and health.
This document discusses broiler chicken management. It begins by explaining the importance of proper brooding management for chick development and performance. It emphasizes establishing feeding and drinking behaviors early. The document then discusses brooding layout, including stocking density and distribution of feeders and drinkers. It stresses the importance of temperature, humidity, ventilation and the bird's perceived thermal comfort. Longer ventilation cycles and minimizing fluctuations are recommended over short cycles. The document provides targets for water quality, lighting programs, and feed specifications. Overall it emphasizes that matching the environment to the bird's requirements is key for successful broiler production.
Microbiological Profile and Quality Assessment of Unbranded Groundnut Oil Mar...IJRTEMJOURNAL
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This work was conducted to assess the microbial profile and quality attributes of unbranded
groundnut oil sold at Keffi. A total of 25 samples of unbranded groundnut oil were collected from different
locations and subjected to microbial and quality assessment. The total viable bacteria count ranged from 2.1â
7.2 Ă 105 cfu/ml, while the total faecal coliform count ranged from 2.2â6.2 Ă 105
cfu/ml. The
Salmonella/Shigella count ranged from 1.4â4.2 Ă 105
cfu/ml and the fungal count ranged from 3.6 â 8.2 Ă 105
cfu/ml. The microbial isolates obtained were Mucor spp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus spp.,
Penicillium spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., E. coli and
Salmonella spp. Anti-biogram of the bacterial isolates revealed a varying level of resistance/susceptibility to the
antibiotics tested. The result of mineral contents analysis showed that all samples had high detectable levels of
Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Cd and Pb. These results indicated values that exceeded the maximum limits set by regulatory
agencies, thereby making these oils unsafe for consumption. It can therefore be concluded that it is imperative
for the manufacturers of these products to adopt good manufacturing practices and ensure proper quality
assurance of their products.
Microbiological Profile and Quality Assessment of Unbranded Groundnut Oil Mar...journal ijrtem
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This work was conducted to assess the microbial profile and quality attributes of unbranded
groundnut oil sold at Keffi. A total of 25 samples of unbranded groundnut oil were collected from different
locations and subjected to microbial and quality assessment. The total viable bacteria count ranged from 2.1â
7.2 Ă 105 cfu/ml, while the total faecal coliform count ranged from 2.2â6.2 Ă 105
cfu/ml. The
Salmonella/Shigella count ranged from 1.4â4.2 Ă 105
cfu/ml and the fungal count ranged from 3.6 â 8.2 Ă 105
cfu/ml. The microbial isolates obtained were Mucor spp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus spp.,
Penicillium spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., E. coli and
Salmonella spp. Anti-biogram of the bacterial isolates revealed a varying level of resistance/susceptibility to the
antibiotics tested. The result of mineral contents analysis showed that all samples had high detectable levels of
Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Cd and Pb. These results indicated values that exceeded the maximum limits set by regulatory
agencies, thereby making these oils unsafe for consumption. It can therefore be concluded that it is imperative
for the manufacturers of these products to adopt good manufacturing practices and ensure proper quality
assurance of their products.
The production of haploid plants exploiting the totipotency of microspore.
Androgenesis is the in vitro development of haploid plants originating from totipotent pollen grains through a series of cell division and differentiation.
The document provides guidelines for conducting experiments on animals as per the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA). It discusses common laboratory animals, the role and functions of CPCSEA and Institutional Animal Ethics Committees (IAEC) in regulating animal experiments. It outlines guidelines for animal procurement, housing, care, treatment and technical staff qualifications. The aim is to promote humane care of animals used for research and testing as per Good Laboratory Practice standards.
Insects possess a highly sensitive and sophisticated nervous system capable of detecting pico-gram amounts of volatile chemicals and resolving these signals in space and time to millisecond accuracy. This allows them to use volatiles to judge the quality of potential hosts and to signal to each other. They process these volatile signals and react differently to them according to the blend composition, the context within which they are perceived, previous experience and how the odours are released over time. For example, Aphis fabae, is attracted to a blend of host odours but repelled by the same compounds if released individually and Sitobion avenae is repelled by alarm pheromone (E)-β-farnesene but only if exposed to a short burst and not if there is prolonged exposure. Positive responses can become accentuated if they are associated with a reward. Adjusting behavioural responses gives insects the flexibility to adapt to changing environments with different host availability and by integrating many signals they get a more robust picture of their external environment. Both aphids and their parasitoids are under selective pressure to maximise their fitness by optimising host location by finding good quality hosts and avoiding poor quality hosts. For example, Sitobion avenae can recognise fusarium head blight infected wheat plants and avoid them. Conversely, plants are under selective pressure to avoid being eaten by either reducing attraction of aphids or increasing attraction of parasitoids. Aphids are stealthy herbivores which induce fewer volatiles when feeding compared to chewing herbivores, however, aphid parasitoids are able to recognise plants which are attacked by aphids. Furthermore, uninfested plants which are connected belowground by mycorrhizae can also attract aphid parasitoids. Another consideration is hyperparasitism which potentially adds a complicating factor if signals plants release to attract primary parasitoids also attract hyperparasitoids. There are opportunities to exploit volatile signals in pest management both in terms of repelling pests and attracting their natural enemies but their deployment strategies need to have at least the same level of sophistication as the insects they are designed to manage.
Multimycotoxin contamination in selected fermented foods and the perception o...Francois Stepman
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12-14 September 2017. Ghent, Belgium. 1st MYCOKEY International Conference.
Presentation by: Adekoya Ifeoluwa*, Njobeh P.B., Obadina A.O., Chilaka A.C., Okoth S., De Boevre M., and De Saeger S.
*Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
The document is an Indian River Broiler Pocket Guide that provides a quick reference for broiler stock management. It covers topics such as chick management, feeding programs, health and biosecurity, housing and environment, monitoring performance, and pre-processing management. The guide emphasizes the importance of stockmanship and monitoring chick behavior and crop fill to ensure proper brooding conditions. It provides recommendations for environmental conditions, feeding schedules, and ideal physical qualities of feed at different ages.
This document provides guidance on producing live food organisms for larviculture. It discusses selecting food that larvae can perceive, ingest and digest. Two natural food types are phytoplankton and zooplankton. Culturing phytoplankton involves maintaining, enriching and isolating unialgal cultures. Isolating single algal units uses a capillary pipette method. Zooplankton culturing focuses on Brachionus plicatilis, describing its taxonomy, morphology, food/feeding, and culture techniques like daily tank transfers.
Similar to Dr. Tom Rehberger - Early Colonizing Bacteria in the GI Tract - Lessons from Poultry and Strategies for Swine (20)
Jordan Hoewischer - OACI Farmer Certification ProgramJohn Blue
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OACI Farmer Certification Program - Jordan Hoewischer, Ohio Farm Bureau, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Fred Yoder - No-till and Climate Change: Fact, Fiction, and IgnoranceJohn Blue
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No-till and Climate Change: Fact, Fiction, and Ignorance - Fred Yoder, Former President, National Corn Growers Association, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. John Grove - Fifty Years Of No-till Research In KentuckyJohn Blue
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Long-term no-till research can provide valuable insights into crop production over many seasons. This research found that no-till soils generally had higher yields than tilled soils over time. No-till soils had cooler temperatures, held more water after rain, and had different soil biological properties and nutrient stratification compared to tilled soils. The impacts of no-till and fertilizer nitrogen on soil organic carbon and crop yields changed over the 50 years of the study.
Dr. Warren Dick - Pioneering No-till Research Since 1962John Blue
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Pioneering No-till Research Since 1962 - Dr. Warren Dick, OSU-OARDC (retired), from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Christine Sprunger - The role that roots play in building soil organic ma...John Blue
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The role that roots play in building soil organic matter and soil health - Dr. Christine Sprunger, OSU - SENR, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Leonardo Deiss - Stratification, the Role of Roots, and Yield Trends afte...John Blue
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Stratification, the Role of Roots, and Yield Trends after 60 years of No-till - Dr. Leonardo Deiss, OSU, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Steve Culman - No-Till Yield Data AnalysisJohn Blue
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No-Till Yield Data Analysis - Dr. Steve Culman, OSU Soil Fertility Extension Specialist, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Alan Sundermeier and Dr. Vinayak Shedekar - Soil biological Response to BMPs John Blue
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This document summarizes the results of soil health tests conducted on five fields with different tillage and cover cropping histories. Biological, chemical, and physical soil health indicators such as microbial biomass, soil organic matter, active carbon, and bulk density showed improved soil health in fields that were no-tilled or had cover crops for longer durations compared to conventionally tilled fields or fields with shorter cover cropping histories. Long-term no-till and cover cropping practices increased soil organic matter, microbial activity, and nutrient availability and decreased bulk density compared to conventional tillage systems.
Dr. Curtis Young - Attracting And Protecting PollinatorsJohn Blue
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Attracting And Protecting Pollinators - Dr. Curtis Young, OSU Extension, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Sarah Noggle - Cover Crop Decision Tool SelectorJohn Blue
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Cover Crop Decision Tool Selector - Sarah Noggle, OSU Extension, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Hemp Regulations - Jim Belt, ODA, Head of Hemp for Ohio, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
John Barker - UAVs: Where Are We And What's NextJohn Blue
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UAVs: Where Are We And What's Next - John Barker, OSU Extension, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Rajbir Bajwa - Medical uses of MarijuanaJohn Blue
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Medical uses of Marijuana - Dr. Rajbir Bajwa, Coordinator of legal medical marijuana sales, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Jeff Stachler - Setting up a Corn and Soybean Herbicide Program with Cove...John Blue
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Setting up a Corn and Soybean Herbicide Program with Cover Crops - Dr. Jeff Stachler, OSU Extension, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Chad Penn - Developing A New Approach To Soil Phosphorus Testing And Reco...John Blue
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Developing A New Approach To Soil Phosphorus Testing And Recommendations - Dr. Chad Penn, USDA-ARS, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Jim Hoorman - Dealing with Cover Crops after Preventative PlantingJohn Blue
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Dealing with Cover Crops after Preventative Planting - Jim Hoorman, Hoorman Soil Health Services, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Sjoerd Duiker - Dealing with Poor Soil Structure and Soil Compaction John Blue
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Dealing with Poor Soil Structure and Soil Compaction - Dr. Sjoerd Duiker, Extension Agronomist, Penn State University, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Christine Brown - Canadian Livestock Producers Efforts to Improve Water QualityJohn Blue
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Canadian Livestock Producers Efforts to Improve Water Quality - Christine Brown, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Lee Briese - Details Matter (includes details about soil, equipment, cove...John Blue
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Details Matter (includes details about soil, equipment, cover crops...) - Dr. Lee Briese, North Dakota, 2017 International Crop Adviser of the Year, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
CLASS 12th CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE ppt (Animated)eitps1506
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Description:
Dive into the fascinating realm of solid-state physics with our meticulously crafted online PowerPoint presentation. This immersive educational resource offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the realm of solid-state physics.
From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
Key topics covered include:
Crystal Structures: Unravel the mysteries of crystalline arrangements and their significance in determining material properties.
Band Theory: Explore the electronic band structure of solids and understand how it influences their conductive properties.
Semiconductor Physics: Delve into the behavior of semiconductors, including doping, carrier transport, and device applications.
Magnetic Properties: Investigate the magnetic behavior of solids, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
Optical Properties: Examine the interaction of light with solids, including absorption, reflection, and transmission phenomena.
With visually engaging slides, informative content, and interactive elements, our online PowerPoint presentation serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, facilitating a deeper understanding of the captivating world of solid-state physics. Explore the intricacies of solid-state materials and unlock the secrets behind their remarkable properties with our comprehensive presentation.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
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Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
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Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at đł = 2.9 wi...SĂŠrgio Sacani
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We present the JWST discovery of SNâ2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
â
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
Âą
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SNâIa, SNâ2023adsy is both fairly red (
ďż˝
â˘
(
ďż˝
â
ďż˝
)
âź
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high CaâII velocity (
19
,
000
Âą
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNeâIa. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNeâIa, particularly SNâ2016hnk, SNâ2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
ďż˝
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
ďż˝
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SNâ2023adsy and find that the SNâ2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
â˛
1
â˘
ďż˝
) with
Î
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
ďż˝
Ca-rich SNeâIa, SNâ2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SNâIa standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNeâIa is required to determine if SNâIa population characteristics at high-
ďż˝
truly diverge from their low-
ďż˝
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
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This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...SĂŠrgio Sacani
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Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted BrÎł emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual HâK and KâL colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (â15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 Âą 20âŚ, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holesâ stars: formationâ Galaxy: centerâ galaxies: star formation
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...Travis Hills MN
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By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
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Dr. Tom Rehberger - Early Colonizing Bacteria in the GI Tract - Lessons from Poultry and Strategies for Swine
1. +
Early colonizing bacteria in the GI tract: lessons from
poultry and strategies for swine
Agro BioSciences, Inc
2. Role of GI Colonizing Bacteria
Immune development and immune function
⢠Early colonizing bacteria play a role in immune development
Critical in-
⢠acquired immune system (B and T cells)
⢠innate immune system (mucin chemistry)
⢠Lactic acid bacteria on the epithelial surface help to develop a competent immune
system
⢠process surface antigens
⢠stimulates migration of immune cells to GI tissue
⢠bind toll-like receptors- quiescence which helps to develop an appropriate
immune response reduce inflammation
Microbial homeostasis
⢠Microbiota makes up the complex community that acts as barrier to infection
Competitive exclusion
Nutritional processing
⢠Microbiota processes complex feed ingredients- more readily absorbed
⢠Processes phytochemicals (polyphenols)- improves function and bioavailability
3. Early Colonizing Bacteria Project
Project Objectives
Phase 1
⢠Isolate and characterize the early colonizing bacterial communities in turkey poults
and broiler chicks
⢠Identify the core microbiome and characterize key isolates
Phase 2
⢠Determine functional role of core microbiome isolates
⢠Determine if they have potential in preventing disease and improving performance
4. CLINICAL
SUBCLINICAL
A Birdâs Life â Early Stage
0
Broilers and Turkeys
Brood
Hatchery
Immune Development
Gastrointestinal Development
Microbiological Challenges
⢠Pathogenic E. coli
⢠Toxigenic Clostridium
Initial gut health
Microbiological Challenges
Clostridium â necrotic enteritis
Ammonia
Vertical Transmission
of Pathogens
5. GI tracts
a
b
câŚj
10 birds/flock
Extract
gDNA
Isolate predominant
bacterial types (MRS, Chrom agar)
Isolate gDNA- 5 isolates/bird
Perform TRFLP
Perform RAPDs
Early Colonizing Bacteria- poultry
Create
dendrograms
Product Development
16s DNA seq
Identify predominant genotypes
Serve as a baseline for perturbations
6. Hen GI Microbiology
Breeder flock# and bird
⢠All birds had detectable (>100 cfu/g) lactic acid bacterial populations
⢠16 of the 18 birds had LAB populations > 1 x 106 cfu/g
LAB Plate Counts- Complex 1
1.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1.00E+08
1.00E+09
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Flock# 2 Flock# 36 Flock# 72 Flock# 80 Flock# 84 Flock# 94
8. Hen GI Microbiology
Breeder flock and bird
⢠All birds had detectable lactic acid bacterial populations >100 cfu/g
⢠All birds had LAB populations > 1 x 106 cfu/g
LAB Plate Counts- Complex 2
1.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1.00E+08
1.00E+09
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Little Capon Farm- 25
wks
Jeanetta Kesner- 28
wks
Mary Barb- 35 wks Victor Carr- 39 wks Eleanor Keplinger- 59
wks
Brent Hartzler- 61 wks
Samples not plated
9. Day-of Hatch GI Microbiology
Breeder flock and bird
⢠Only 12 of the 60 (20%) birds had detectable lactic acid bacterial populations >100 cfu/g
1.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5 7 9
Smith Farm -house 1,2 Harterman Mary Barb- 35 wks Victor Carr- 39 wks Eleanor Keplinger- 59
wks
Brent Hartzler- 61 wks
LAB Plate Counts- Complex 2
10. APEC GI Microbiology
⢠Not all trends match but potential transfer of the APEC populations from hen to day-of hatch
APEC Counts- Complex 1
1.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Flock# 2 Flock# 36 Flock# 72 Flock# 80 Flock# 84 Flock# 94
1.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Flock #2 Flock #36 Flock #72 Flock #80 Flock #84 Flock #94
Hens
Day-of Hatch
11. APEC GI Microbiology
⢠No apparent transfer of the APEC populations from hen to day-of hatch
APEC Counts- Complex 2
Hens
Day-of Hatch
1.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Little Capon Farm- 25 wks Jeanetta Kesner- 28 wks Mary Barb- 35 wks Victor Carr- 39 wks Eleanor Keplinger- 59 wks Brent Hartzler- 61 wks
1.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Smith Farm Harterman Mary Barb- 35 wks Victor Carr- 39 wks Eleanor Keplinger- 59
wks
Brent Hartzler- 61
wks
12. GI tracts
a
b
c
10 birds/flock
Extract
gDNA
Isolate predominant
bacterial types
Isolate gDNA- 5 isolates/bird
Perform TRFLP
Perform RAPDs
Early Colonizing Bacteria Project
Create
dendrograms
Product Development
Direct selection process
Identify predominant genotypes
Serve as a baseline for perturbations
16s DNA seq
13. bird
Early Colonizing Bacteria- Day-of Hatch and Hens
Isolates within each bird are often identical or closely related- homogeneity within a bird
Isolates from different birds within the same flock are often not identical- some variability in a floc
Some isolates are shared between birds in different flocks- evidence of a core microbiome
Hen isolates appear to be different from day-of hatch isolates
RAPD CE GEL Images of LAB Isolate- Complex 1
Flock
14. 1 2 3 1 2 3 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Flock
bird
Early Colonizing Bacteria Project
Isolates within each bird are often identical or closely related- homogeneity within a bird
Isolates from different birds within the same flock are often not identical- variability within a flock
Some isolates are shared between birds in different flocks- some evidence of a core microbiome?
RAPD CE GEL Images of MRS Isolates
15. GI tracts
a
b
c
10 birds/flock
Extract
gDNA
Isolate predominant
bacterial types
Isolate gDNA- 10 isolates/bird
Perform TRFLP
Perform RAPDs
Early Colonizing Bacteria Project
Create
dendrograms
Product Development
Identify predominant genotypes
Serve as a baseline for perturbations
16s DNA seq
18. Early Colonizing Bacteria Project
Project Objectives
Phase 1
⢠Isolate and characterize the early colonizing bacterial communities in turkey poults
and broiler chicks
⢠Identify the core bacterial communities and isolates
Phase 2
⢠Determine functional role of core community isolates
⢠Determine if they have potential in preventing disease and improving performance
20. GUT START - Trial 2
Experimental Design
Company: Broiler Company â SE United States, 1.5 M birds/wk
Application: Spray cabinet
Product: GUT START formulation 2 â
90% Lactobacillus salivarius, L. plantarum
10% Bacillus subtilis (two strains)
Samples: hatchery alternated GUT START and No GUT START (control)
every week for 12 weeks
GITs
Age Time
Points Treatments Reps
30 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 240 total GITs
(10 birds from
3 flocks)
(DOH and 7
day)
(GUT START and
No GUT START)
21. GUT START Trial 2
Results
0
1
2
3
4
5
DOH 7 d
Log10(CFU/g)
GUT START Control
APEC Levels
a
b
c
ab
Significance by one-way ANOVA (pâ¤0.05)
22. GUT START Trial 2
Results
7 d - APEC levels by Log
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
<2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 >7
Log CFU/g category
GUT START Control
Percent of 7 day old
birds whose APEC
levels fit into each
quantitative category
23. GUT START Trial 2
Results â Performance Data
Feed Conversion and average weight gain â TBD (sorting data)
7 day mortality -
Weekly coefficient of variability (CV)
GUT STARTâs calculated value was > 4:1 ROI
GUT START 1.57%
Control 1.65%
GUT START 10.28
Control 11.28
4.8%
decrease
8.8%
decrease
24. Project Objectives
Phase 1
⢠Understand the diversity of lactic acid bacteria within the gastrointestinal
tract of pigs- GI section, pigs, source (sow flow)-site, company
⢠Identify the key microbial isolates of the core microbiome- correlate to
performance and health
Phase 2
⢠Identify the function of the key microbial isolates of the microbiome
⢠Determine if they have potential in preventing disease and improving
performance
Samples- pars esophageal, jejunum, ileum
Analysis- Microbiology: enumeration of lactic acid bacteria, E. coli, Salmonella
Microbial Ecology: TRFLP analysis by section- total bacteria, LAB
Early Colonizing Bacteria Project- Swine
25. SUBCLINICAL
A Pigâs Life â Early Stage
Immune Development
Gastrointestinal Development
Microbiological Challenges
⢠Pathogenic E. coli
⢠Toxigenic Clostridium
CLINICAL
Birth Wean
Microbiological Succession
⢠nutrient changes
⢠stress â social changes
Pre-wean Nursery
26. GI tracts
Pars esophagus
Jejunum
Ileum
4-5 Pigs / Sow Flow
Extract
gDNA
Isolate predominant
bacterial types (MRS, Chrom agars)
MRS isolates- 10 isolates/section/pig
E. coli isolates- 5 isolates/section/pig
Perform TRFLP
Perform RAPDs
Create
dendrograms
Product Development
16s DNA seq
TRFLP primers-
Total Bacteria (3 enzymes)
LAB (3 enzymes)
Identify predominant genotypes
Microbial Terroir Program â Early Colonizing Bacteria
Full Microbial Succession
Sampling
27. 16S Taxonomic Identification of MRS derived
isolates by Age
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
3 10 20 23 34 48
Day of Age
Enterococcaceae
Bacillaceae
Enterobacteriaceae
Flavobacteriaceae
Streptococcaceae
Lactobacillaceae
29. GI tracts
Pars esophagus
Jejunum
Ileum
4-5 Pigs / Sow Flow
Extract
gDNA
Isolate predominant
bacterial types (MRS, Chrom agars)
MRS isolates- 10 isolates/section/pig
E. coli isolates- 5 isolates/section/pig
Perform TRFLP
Perform RAPDs
Create
dendrograms
Product Development
16s DNA seq
TRFLP primers-
Total Bacteria (3 enzymes)
LAB (3 enzymes)
Identify predominant genotypes
Microbial Terroir Program â Early Colonizing Bacteria
Full Microbial Succession
Sampling
30. 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
A B C D E
Site - Total Bacteria
L. delbrueckii Enterobacteriaceae Clostridium 301 93
Bacillus Lactobacillus 193 74 502
557 148 156 173 84
524 Minor Peaks
Microbial Community Analysis
Total Bacteria: Effect of Site
n=30 pigs
31. 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
A B C D E
Site - LAB
L. delbrueckii Streptococcus L. reuteri B. subtilis group L. johnsonii L. crispatus
Streptococcus Lactobacillus 540 145 165 160
224 153 524 175 123 420
169 587 186 228 Minor Peaks
Microbial Community Analysis
Lactic Acid Bacteria: Effect of Site
n=30 pigs
32. 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Day 3 Day 10 Day 20 Day 23 Day 34 Day 48
Age - Total Bacteria
L. delbrueckii Enterobacteriaceae Clostridium 301
93 Bacillus Lactobacillus 193
74 502 557 148
156 173 84 524
476 144 Minor Peaks
Microbial Community Analysis
Total Bacteria: Effect of Age
n= 25 pigs
33. 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Day 3 Day 10 Day 20 Day 23 Day 34 Day 48
Age - LAB
L. delbrueckii Streptococcus L. reuteri B. subtilis group L. johnsonii
L. crispatus Streptococcus Lactobacillus 540 145
165 160 224 153 524
175 123 420 169 587
186 228 Minor Peaks
Microbial Community Analysis
Lactic Acid Bacteria: Effect of Age
n= 25 pigs
34. 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
3 10 20 23 34 48
Site C - LAB
L. delbrueckii Streptococcus L. reuteri B. subtilis group L. johnsonii
L. crispatus Streptococcus Lactobacillus 540 145
165 160 224 153 Minor Peaks
NHF Microbial Community Analysis
Lactic Acid Bacteria: Site C x Age
n= 5 pigs
35. Project Objectives
Phase 1
⢠Understand the diversity of lactic acid bacteria within the gastrointestinal
tract of pigs- GI section, pigs, source (sow flow)-site, company
Diversity observed across sections, pigs and sites- impact of weaning
⢠Identify the key microbial isolates of the core microbiome- correlate to
performance and health
Next steps- correlate microbial isolates to performance using multivariate
statistical methods
Phase 2
⢠Identify the function of the key microbial isolates of the microbiome
⢠Determine if they have potential in preventing disease and improving
performance
Early Colonizing Bacteria Project- Swine