Uploaded byدكتور سيد صبحي - طبيب أمراض الدواجن
تربية دجاج الاحم في دولة بليز الأمريكية
This document discusses broiler chicken management. It begins by explaining the importance of proper brooding management for chick development and performance. It emphasizes establishing feeding and drinking behaviors early. The document then discusses brooding layout, including stocking density and distribution of feeders and drinkers. It stresses the importance of temperature, humidity, ventilation and the bird's perceived thermal comfort. Longer ventilation cycles and minimizing fluctuations are recommended over short cycles. The document provides targets for water quality, lighting programs, and feed specifications. Overall it emphasizes that matching the environment to the bird's requirements is key for successful broiler production.
More Related Content
Similar to تربية دجاج الاحم في دولة بليز الأمريكية
تربية دجاج الاحم في دولة بليز الأمريكية
- 1. Broiler Management BELIZE PoultryProduction School 2014 Rodrigo Espinosa MV, MAM, ACPV Dipl. November, 2014
- 2. Why Broilers? Pedigree SelectionGeneticImprovement GGP Grandparent Stock Parent Stock Broilers Processing Consumers Aviagen
- 3. Broiler Performance Variance Rangein 42 day Live weights Worst Best 3 Std 42 Days A/H 2637 Gms
- 4. LA Comparison 4 Actual LA Aviagen Std Actual New Zealand KillWeight (Gms) 1600 1600 1600 FCR 1.86 1.48 1.42 Kill Age (Days) 34.5 29.5 27.5 ADWG 46.4 54.2 58.2 50 million broilers per annum Approx 2 million dollar saving PA $575 USD/Tonne Broiler feed
- 5. Hygiene •Cleanout •Bio security Disease control •Vaccineadministration •Vaccine response •Coccidiostats Nutrition •Feed specification •Physical texture •Water Management Environment •Temperature •Humidity 5
- 6. Management Topics •Chick Start/Brooding •BroodingLayout •Light Program & Intensity •Water & Drinking •Feed & Feeding •Temperature/Humidity/Ventilation •Stocking Density 6
- 7. Brooding Phase -first 10 days Brooding - establish feeding behaviour & drinking behaviour Brooding/Chick Start 7
- 8. Brooding - %of flocks’ life Genetic gains in growth rate means broilers will reach killing age sooner. Brooding period is steadily increasing proportion of the total life of the flock
- 9. 36 Day Broiler 9 GrowingPeriod Incubation and Brooding 46% 54%
- 10. Brooding/Chick Start “Get ItRight!” • Good brooding is critical to good performance • Plan before the chicks arrive and follow the plan • Brooding management affects uniformity • Don’t Leave Anything to Luck 10
- 11. Brooding Layout “Setting theTable” Even distribution of temperature and humidity Enough feed space and accessibility – 1 Metre rule Enough drinker space and accessibility Supplementary feeders and drinkers Proper litter coverage on floor – min 5cm Light Intensity & Spread Bird Density Paper 11
- 12. Brooding Layout –Spot Brooding 12 6 Bell Drinkers 6 Mini Drinkers 12 Feed Trays Automatic Feeder Automatic Feeder 25% - 35% Paper Cover 2m2m 5m
- 13. 7 Day Bodyweights •Breed Target: Approx 182gms – Aim for 4.5 X chick weight – 40 Gm chick = 180 Gms at Day 7 • Potential: >210 Gms • Field: ~125-200 Gms 13
- 14. Factors which influence 7-daybodyweight • Parent stock age • Hatch window • Chick Temperature – Hatchery (>104.5F/40.5C) • Delivery times • Brooding temperature • Light Intensity • Access to feed and water • Disease challenge / vaccination • Litter temperature • Feed quality 14
- 15. Effect of earlyfeed intake on 7 day weight 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 7d Weight (g) 7dFeedintake(g) Early feed consumption and its effect in BW at 7 days BW at 7 d Feed intake (g) at 7 d
- 16. BW at 7d The name of the game = UNIFORMITY Higher BW and its effect in CV at 7 days
- 17. Weight Gain + 10 g+ 50-70 g 7 days 42 days Day 7 Vs Final Kill Weight Correlation 17
- 18. Day 7 VsFinal Kill Weight Correlation
- 19. Management Tip “Follow theBroiler Manual Specifications for Brooding Layout” “Develop Standard Operating Procedures SOP’s for Brooding” Remember – Stew Ritchie talked about a “checklist” 19
- 20. Preheat far aheadof chick arrival to warm the floor and the litter as well as the air 24 hrs in normal climates 48 hrs in cooler times 72 hours in cold winters Brooding Setup - Pre-Heating 20
- 21. Basic LightIntensity and Photoperiod Recommendations to optimise Live Performance Ross Broiler Manual 2011 LIGHT
- 22. Initial Light intensity 40-60lux Allow chicks to find feed, water and source of heat
- 23. Basic LightIntensity and Photoperiod Recommendations to optimise Live Performance Ross Broiler Manual 2011 LIGHT
- 24. Dark Barns > Birddensity < Bird activity < Energy cost < FCR
- 25. Basic LightIntensity and Photoperiod Recommendations to optimise Live Performance Ross Broiler Manual 2011 LIGHT
- 26. Water • Water isconsidered to be the most important nutrient • Chicks need immediate source of clean, fresh water at placement • Plenty of drinker space at an appropriate height • Supplementary drinkers for the first 4 days • 1 week old chick = 85% water • Reduced water availability reduces body weight (~15%) and increases FCR drastically (Lott 2004) 26
- 27.
- 28. Water Flow Rates •Reduction in flow rate from 75 ml/min to 25 ml/min decreased final Bodyweight by -225 grams and reduced breast meat yield by 14 % – Miles et al, 2003 28
- 29. Water consumption overyears 2007 1984 1965 29
- 30. Nipple Drinkers • Broodingperiod: – Extra drinkers – See drips hanging • Sufficient numbers – Recommend maximum 12 bird/nipple • Adjust to average bird height – Non-uniform flock, one line lower – Drip cups keep litter dry
- 31. Keep the cupsclean 31
- 32. Water Quality Open watersurfaces rapidly become contaminated with bacteria from the environment
- 33. Water Quality 33 • Protectagainst bacterial growth by both: – Chlorinating the water (3ppm to 5ppm recommended) – Cleaning once a day with chlorinated sponge – Change water once every 4 hours for 1st 3 days • Control of bacterial load in drinking water – improved leg health & fewer factory downgrades • Susan Watkins – Slats/Staph in water/leg problems
- 34. Feed • Immediate accessto good quality feed together with water is essential • Supplementary feeders (pans or paper) are needed to get started. Refill for 4-5 days until the chicks are able to use the main feeding system • Make sure that the main feeding system is available from Day 1 34
- 35. When there isfeed in the digestive tract: Residual yolk will be used more quickly Digestive tract develops faster Gut immunity develops faster The supply systems develop faster e.g. circulatory Outcome: Faster growth, increased robustness Improved breast meat yield (4-10%) 35
- 36. Feed Type –Starter Feed 36 Sieved Crumb 2-3mm Low dust levels
- 37. • Feed Availability –Don’t let chicks run out of feed • Feed Accessibility – Make sure plenty of feed or supplemental feeders spread throughout the area – Make sure the feed available is accessible! – Weak chicks or chicks from young breeder flocks will not travel far for feed or water The “1 metre rule” 37
- 38.
- 39.
- 40.
- 41.
- 42. 30 C 28.2 C 26C 25 C SENSOR CHICK LEVEL LITTER CONCRETE FEEL IF THE CHICKS FEET ARE COLD 42 House Temperature
- 43. Temperature • Too Cold:– the chicks will huddle, and so will not start well - ascites • Too hot: – chicks will not eat as they should (depressed appetite), they may dehydrate and feathering will be delayed • Variation from target temperature will decrease uniformity & FCR • After 21 days - Aim to have temperatures on or slightly below target to develop appetite and stimulate activity 43
- 44. What Happens WhenChicks Get Cold? • Blood Temperature Decreases • Chicks Get Colder • Metabolism Increased To Compensate – Energy Use • Activity Decreased • COLD STRESS 44 23.9°C 37.8°C 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 25.2
- 45.
- 46.
- 47.
- 48. Crop fill at24 hrs after placement
- 50. Downtime and Productivity DowntimeKill age (days) Mortality (%) Avg BW (K) FCR Production Factor
- 51. Growing Successful Broilers Quote “Successfulbroiler growing is about what you can’t see rather than what you can see. Controlling the environment (thermal neutral zone) is the key to success. More important than lighting or feed program etc”
- 52.
- 53. 1. Perceived Temperature– what the bird feels 2. Temperature Fluctuations 3. Temperature Control – Actual Examples 4. Ventilation Strategies 5. Summary Key Points – FCR Focus 54
- 54. Perceived Temperature What theBird feels 55 The temperature on your Controller is NOT always the temperature the bird feels
- 55. The temperature thebird feels is a combination of: • Air Temperature • Humidity • Wind-chill OK – so how do we adjust for Humidity and Wind-chill? 56 Perceived Temperature What the Bird feels
- 56. Adjusting Temperature forHumidity +/- 5%RH change +/- 1 C* *On a fully feathered bird – greater on a young chick Effect of RH% on Air Temperature 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 Age (Days) AirTemperature(DegreesC) 40% RH 60% RH 80% RH 100% RH Perceived Temperature What the Bird feels
- 57. Adjusting Temperature forWind-chill +/- 0.5m/s = +/- 1 C *On a fully feathered bird – greater on a young chick Windchill Effect 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Airspeed (m/s) Windchill(DegreesC) Perceived Temperature What the Bird feels
- 58. Managing Temperature Fluctuations 59 •Temperature Fluctuations cause the bird to constantly re-adjust and regulate its body temperature • This burns energy and has a negative impact on FCR • The greater the Fluctuations, the more the bird has to regulate its temperature • At its extremes – Fluctuations will cause the birds to sit and huddle to keep warm or pant to cool down, limiting growth potential as well
- 59.
- 60. 0 1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Managing Temperature Fluctuations Good Control +/- 1o C Poorer Control +/- 3o C FCR Difference between profiles = ? >5pts FCR
- 61. Temperature Control 62 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 OK- Let’s add Humidity…………
- 62. 0 1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Temperature Control Adusting Temperature for Humidity levels…And what about Wind-chill…………?
- 63. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Temperature Control And what about Wind-chill…………?
- 64. And we thoughtour Temperature Control was OK? Temperature Control The Final Perceived Temperature…………?
- 65.
- 66. STOP Short Minimum VentilationCycles Air Movement = Wind-chill ONOFF + 10oC
- 67. OFF Short Minimum VentilationCycles 68
- 68. ONOFF Short Minimum VentilationCycles 69
- 69. OFF Short Minimum VentilationCycles 70
- 70. 71 What happens if Irun my fans on longer Cycles?
- 71. Long Ventilation Cycles $ $$ $$ $$ $ $ $$ $ $ $$ $ $ $$ $ $ $$ $ $ $$ $ $ $$ $ $ $$ $ 72
- 72. Long Ventilation Cycles $ $$ $$ $$ $ $ $$ $ $ $$ $ $ $$ $ $ $$ $ $ $$ $ $ $$ $ $ $$ $ 73
- 73. Minimum Ventilation YesYesMeets min.air requirement MoreLessHeating Requirements NoYesStable Humidity NoYesStable Temperatures Long CyclesShort Cycles NoYesGives a good FCR result? 74
- 74. Ventilation Summary • Thereis no single “Best” temperature Profile • Think “Bird Comfort” not “Temperature Profile” • Spend time in your barns – Learn to “read the birds”. They will tell you what temperature they want • Comfortable birds do not huddle up or pant – react, react! • Minimise Temperature and Humidity Fluctuations • Always re-check your barns 20 minutes after any temperature or ventilation adjustment……… • did you get it right? 75
- 75. 1957 1977 2005 TheGenetic has changed!
- 76. Stocking Density • 1990= 5.65 lbs./sq ft (27.6 kgs/m2) • 2002 = 6.28 lbs./sq ft (30.7 kgs/m2) • 2010 = 6.95 to 7.77lbs/sq ft (34 to 38 kgs/m2) • Considerations: – Climate – Product demand – Water availability – Feed availability – Litter quality – House type – Ventilation capacity 77
- 77. Conclusions • Better broodingmanagement will improve growth, uniformity and breast yield • Successful broiler management is achieved by matching environment with bird requirements 78
- 78. Broiler Manuals New BroilerManual 2014 www.aviagen.com respinosa@aviagen.com
- 79.