This document provides an overview of transport planning and traffic management. It discusses the transport planning process which includes data collection, forecasting, plan formulation, plan testing, and plan evaluation. It also covers traffic management techniques like engineering, enactment of laws, education, and enforcement. The key points are that transport planning promotes economic and social development, and that both long-term planning and short-term traffic management are needed to address transportation issues like congestion.

1. TRANSPORT PLANNING &
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
Prof. Primitivo C. Cal, PhD, CE, TE,
EnP, Atty. at Law
9 March 2016
SCURP 2016
A BASIC COURSE IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING (ABC in URP)
Training and Extension Services Division
3/F Cariño Hall, School of Urban and Regional Planning
University of the Philippines - Diliman, Quezon City
7-11 March 2016

2. Outline of Presentation
• Introduction
• Transport Planning Process
• Plan Formulation
• Traffic Management
• Institutional Issues in TPTM

3. Significance of Transportation
• Promotes economic development
• Facilitates tourism development
• Facilitates social development
• Enhances national integration

4. ETC.
TRAFFIC
CONGESTION
Manifested
Problems
Increased
income &
vehicle
ownership
Increase
vehicle use
Longer Average
Trip-Making
Increase
urban
Expansion
Inadequate
Land Use
Control
Poor Traffic
Mgt. &
Enforcement
Incompatible
Traffic Mix
Incompatible
Urban Form Density
Configuration
Inadequate
transport
Facilities
Poor Infra
Maintenance
Mgt.
Inefficiently
Operated
Public Transport
services
Inadequate
Cost Recovery
Measures
Inadequately
Trained Staff
Etc.
Root
Problems
Higher
Population
Growth
Urban Transportation Manifested and Root Problems

5. PHIL. PLANNING SYSTEM
•
•
•
•
MTPDIP
PDPFP
PDIP/AIP
Additional
sources of
revenues
LDIP
RDIPRDP/RPFP
City/
Municipal
Development
Plan
MTPDP/NFPP
MTPIP
PDPFP PDIP/AIP
City/
Municipal DIP
RDIPRDP/RPFP
•
•
•
•
Annual budget
Disbursement
control system
Provincial
Expenditure
Program
MTPDP/NFPP ••
Multi -yr
expend planAnnual budget
Disbursement
control system
National
Expenditure
Program
•
•
•
•
Annual budget
Disbursement
control system
City/Municipal
Expenditure
Program
NEDA DBM
DILG
DOF
UBOM
budget
Issuances
PLPEM
Guides
CDP
Manual
C/MDP
CLUPs
Manuals
Treas, SRE, etc

6. Figure 4.
CITY/MUNICIPALITY
CLUP AND CDP
PROCESS
Data Collection
and Analysis
Sectoral Forecasting
Formulation of
Alternative Spatial
Strategies
Testing and
Evaluation
Preferred Spatial
Strategy
CLUP Preparation
and Detailing
CLUP (15
years)
Conduct of Sectoral
Studies
Long-Term CDP (15
years)
Formulation of Vision,
Goals, and Objectives
Preparation of Short-
Term CDP
Short-Term CDP (3
years)
• Sectoral Goals
and Objectives
• Strategies
• Policies,
Programs,
and Projects
Operational
Interpolation between
Short- and Long-Term
CDPs
Medium-Term CDP
(6 years)
ELA (3
YEARS)Other Thrusts and
Priorities
Zoning Plan and
Ordinance Other Tools
Source: UP-SURP

7. Applications of Transport Planning
• Formulation of spatial strategies as part of the
CLUP process
• As a sector/component in CLUP, CDP and ELA

8. TRANSPORT PLANNING
PROCESS

9. EASTS ‘01 Oct. 24-27, 2001, Hanoi Daewoo Hotel
SIMPLIFIED URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
PROCESS
Data Collection & Analysis
Forecasting
Plan Formulation
Plan Testing
Plan Evaluation and Selection
Preparation of Implementation Program
Goal Formulation

10. Features of the Process
• Dependence upon simulation
• Inclusiveness
• Formality of Process
• Objectivity

11. Purposes of Data Collection
• To find out what exists in the way of travel,
land use and transportation facilities
• To provide the basis for making projections of
future growth and changes in travel demand
as transportation facilities must meet future
needs as well as present crises
• To demonstrate to officials and the public that
a careful job has been done

12. Subject matters to be forecast
• Factors affecting travel
• Transportation model parameters
• Funds available for transportation (TEA)

13. Formulation of Vision, Goals & Objectives
• Vision – a future desired state or scenario
• Goal – a generalized statement of direction to
attain the vision
• Objective – a specific statement that is the
out-growth of a goal. It is stated so that it is
possible to measure the extent to which it has
been attained

14. Defining a transport vision
• Stakeholders participation
• Brainstorming sessions
• FGDs

15. Example of a Vision
“A safe, efficient, viable, dependable, integrated,
environmentally sustainable, and people-
oriented transportation system”

16. Criteria in the formulation of Goals and
Objectives
• Efficiency and economy
• Level of service
• Consumer choice and democracy
• Social equity and justice
• Environmental concerns
• Safety & Security

17. Safety Threat?

18. Example of goal and objective
• Mobility
• Goal: Improve highway level of service
• Objective: Maintain level of service “B” on all
arterial roads within 6 years

19. Plan Formulation
• Alternative land use and transportation plans
are formulated to meet urban growth & future
travel demand consistent with the goals and
objectives

20. UP SURP Position Paper
for the Improvement of
the Local Planning
Process

23. Plan Testing
• The performance of each alternative plan is
determined using a transportation planning
model. Its output is used in the plan
evaluation stage.

24. Land Use
TRIP GENERATION
TRIP DISTRIBUTION
MODAL SPLIT
TRIP ASSIGNMENT
Transportation
Networks
TRANSPORTATION MODEL
EASTS ‘01 Oct. 24-27, 2001, Hanoi Daewoo Hotel

25. Plan Evaluation
• To provide the basis for adjusting a plan or
review of goals and objectives
• To provide the needed information for the
selection of preferred plan

26. OPERATIONAL EVALUATION PARAMETERS, 2000
TESTS

27. ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF 2000 TESTS

28. Methods of Plan Selection
• Goals Achievement Matrix
• Planning Balance Sheet
• Cost Benefit Analysis
• Others

29. Planning Balance Sheet Method of plan Evaluation

31. Comprehensive Plan
Evaluation &
Selection
Preparation of ST, MT and LT Transport Plans
Formulation of
short-term Plan
Short-term
Plan
Plan Testing Operational
Evaluation
Formulation of
Long-term Plans
Operational
Evaluation
Alternative
Long-term Plans
Plan Testing
Interpolation between
Short-term & Long-
term
Plans Plan Refinement
Medium-term
Plan
Plan Testing &
Operational Evaluation
Preferred
Long-term Plan

36. PLAN FORMULATION

37. Instruments of Change
• Investments
• Regulation
• Pricing/Taxation

38. Investments
• Road building, widening, improvement
• Public Transport Improvements
• Mass Transit Systems
• Traffic Management

39. Regulations
• Traffic Rules
• Franchising & Rate Setting
• Service Standards
• Environmental Quality
• Safety & Security
• Development controls

40. Pricing/Taxation
• Fares
• Vehicle Registration Fees
• Taxes and Duties
• Parking Fees
• Real Property Taxes

42. ROAD NETWORK

43. Simple Cross Section of an urban street
43
Curb & gutter
Median sidewalk
Roadway

44. 44
Typical 2-lane National Highway

46. Forms & Hierarchy
1. Forms
• - Circumferential-radial system
• - Grid system
• - Warped grid system
• 2. Road hierarchy
• - Arterial
• - Collector
• - Local

47. Road Hierarchy
Primary Arterial
Secondary Arterial
Local Roads
Environmental Area Boundaries

48. Schematic hierarchy of roads

49. PRINCIPLES OF ARTERIAL ROAD DEVELOPMENT
• Should have a quality of continuity
• Spacing should reflect the density of trip
generation
• Intersections of two arterials should be at
right angles
• There should be no five or six-way
intersections

50. ROADS TO NOWHERE

51. PUBLIC TRANSPORT

52. Various forms of PT in Phil.

54. PROCESS OF PLAN FORMULATION
1. Compile data:
• - Planned land use map
• - Regional transportation influence map,
within 150 km radius
• - Map showing town’s transp facilities
• - List of “committed” projects
• - List of proposed projects

55. PROCESS (2)
• 2. Prepare base plan, constraints and
opportunities, and Transportation Expenditure
Assumption.
• 3. Run transportation model on base plan.
• 4. Note deficiencies and revise base plan to
overcome deficiencies, producing an
Alternative Plan.
• 5. Run model on Alternative Plan.

56. PROCESS (3)
• 6. Note any deficiencies and apply corrections.
• 7. Run model on revised plan
• 8. Repeat process until satisfactory systems
are available for comparative evaluations

57. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

58. Application of Four E’s:
• Engineering
• Enactment of traffic laws and regulations
• Education
• Enforcement

59. URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

60. ENGINEERING
• TSM
• Intersection control
• Intersection layout
• Turn prohibition
• One-way system
• Facilities for cyclists and pedestrians

61. ENGINEERING (2)
• TDM
• Land use controls
• Traffic restraint
• Promotion of public transport
• Control of truck movements

63. U-turn slot
No advanced signs
(At 80 kph, advanced sign should be placed at
a point that, upon perception, drivers will have
at least 85 m to the u-turn slot)
63

64. ASSESSMENT OF U-TURN SCHEME
• Deficient design
• Lack of consideration for pedestrians
• Applied on unsuitable locations

65. PROPER APPLICATION OF U-TURN
• Choose location with generous carriageway
width to give straight-through vehicles same
level of service or widen u-turn sections
• Consider the turning radius of u-turning
vehicles in the design of the u-turn slot
• Install advanced traffic signs
• Provide facilities for crossing pedestrians
• If it is more cost effective than the conventional
scheme
65

66. Research Findings on the UVVRP
• 77 % of other cars were bought as alternative
cars during coding days.
• 45% of car owners own more than 1 car.
• Those who own a single car, 76% intend to
buy a new car
• On coding day, 33 % used an alternative car;
others (17%) travelled within the window
hours.

67. Analysis of the Scheme
• If alternative car is used twice a week, UVVRP
would only reduce 1.8% of car volume.
• If alternative car is used thrice a week, UVVRP
would increase 2.4 % of car volume.
• If half of those who intend to buy a new car
did buy one and use it at least once a week,
UVVRP would result in increase car volume.

68. Other Forms of Traffic Restraint
• Physical Restraint
• Parking Controls
• Cordon Pricing
• Supplementary Licensing
• Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)

69. ERP
• Has two components:
–In-vehicle Unit (IU)
–Gantry
• Short-range wireless system to communicate
with the IU
• Cameras

70. RERP Gantry

71. ENACTMENT OF TRAFFIC LAWS RULES
AND REGULATIONS
• Updating of National Transportation
and Traffic Code
– -Traffic rules and regulations
– - Vehicle design standards
– - Vehicle inspection and maintenance
– - Driver’s licensing system
• Passage of traffic ordinance to
complement the National Code

72. National Transportation & Traffic Code
Findings:
- Some obsolete provisions, e.g. speed limits
- No provisions for certain traffic facilities, e.g.
rotunda, traffic signal
- Incomplete provisions for driving rules
- Lack of provisions for pedestrian facilities and
non-motorized transport
72

73. EXISTING SPEED LIMITS
Cars & MCs Trucks & Buses
Open country roads 80 kph 50 kph
Through Streets/Blvds 40 kph 30 kph
City/mun. streets 30 kph 30 kph
Crowded/hazardous Sts. 20 kph 20 kph

76. Contents of Traffic Code
• Traffic signals
• General driving rules
• Rules pertaining to traffic schemes
• One-way streets
• Parking zones and fees
• Operation of non-motorized transport
• Rights and obligations of pedestrians

77. ENACTMENT OF TRAFFIC LAWS RULES AND
REGULATIONS: SUMMARY
• Enact local Traffic Code
• Enact an ordinance establishing TIA System

78. EDUCATION
• Improved driver training systems
• Improved driver testing and licensing
• system
• Road safety education in schools
• Multi-media IEC campaign
• Road safety research

79. ENFORCEMENT
• Upgrading of enforcement techniques and
logistics
• Training of traffic law enforcement
• Strict enforcement of traffic rules and
regulations

80. INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES
IN TPTM

81. WB-funded TPTM in Phil Cities
Summary of Findings:
1. Transport and traffic issues are viewed as serious in
medium-sized cities and large cities—ranking at the top 3;
2. Equipment, key documents, and references to aid cities in
traffic and transport planning are generally wanting;
insufficient data needed for a scientific analysis;
3. Bigger budget for transport planning and traffic
management for larger cities, bigger tasks they need to
accomplish. Much is spent on personnel—presumably
traffic enforcers—very little left for any substantive
measures to be undertaken;

82. Summary of Major Findings (2)
4. Across important subject matters, planning
personnel of cities have very limited knowledge on
transport planning and traffic management; and
5. Key subjects desired: public transport, network
analysis, GIS methodologies, TIA, traffic law
enforcement, surveys, feasibility studies, accident
prevention, and traffic management.

83. Existing PT Franchising System
• A small unit within the DOTC prepares public
transport plans for the whole country.
• HLURB entertains franchise applications based on
the DOTC public transport plans.

84. Features of the Proposed Reforms
• LGUs to prepare their public transport plans for
approval of the DOTC
• LTFRB to implement the plan based on established
franchising system
• LGUs are invited to attend LTFRB hearings on
concerned franchise applications

85. Typical City TPTM Organization
BOARDBOARD
City Engineers
Office (CEO)
City Engineers
Office (CEO)
City Planning
and Dev't Office
(CPDO)
City Planning
and Dev't Office
(CPDO)
Traffic
Management
Office (TMO)
Traffic
Management
Office (TMO)
Transport
Franchising
Office (TFO)
Transport
Franchising
Office (TFO)
Secretariat
(full-time)
Secretariat
(full-time)
Mayor
(chairman)
Mayor
(chairman)
• Traffic Eng’g• Traffic Eng’g •Transportation
Planning
•Transportation
Impact
Assessment
(TIA)
•Public
Transport
Coordination
•Transportation
Planning
•Transportation
Impact
Assessment
(TIA)
•Public
Transport
Coordination
• Enforcement
• Education
• Parking
control
• Signal control
• Towing
• Enforcement
• Education
• Parking
control
• Signal control
• Towing
• Tricycles
• Pedicabs
• Tricycles
• Pedicabs
Board Members
• Mayor (chairman)
• CEO head
• CPDO head
• TMO head
• TFO head
• Legal Dept (City Atty.)
• SB (Transport/ Traffic)
• Reps of LTO, LTFRB, DPWH
and PNP
• Private Sector
• NGO
• JODA/TODA
Suggested Transport Planning and Traffic Management Board
Organizational Chart
As recommended by the World
Bank-funded TPTM Study, 2008

86. Functions of the TPTM Board
• Review & approve all transport & traffic management plans
prepared by the various offices of the city government
• Cooperate with sectoral committees mandated to review &
approve the transport sector components of the City’s CLUP & CDP
• Coordinate, monitor & evaluate the planning & implementation of
the city’s transport & traffic management plans
• Review & approve the annual work programs & budgets of offices
charged with the planning & implementation of transport & traffic
management plans
• Develop & prescribe internal operating rules & procedutes
• Perform other related functions

87. Secretariat
• Serves as the technical arm of Board in
performing the latter’s functions
• Provide administrative services
• Provide management information services

88. Traffic Engineering Functions
under the CEO
• Prepare traffic engineering schemes
• Install and maintain traffic signals, traffic signs,
road markings and other devices
• Recommend ordinances in support of traffic
management schemes
• Review major development proposals as to
their traffic impact

89. Transportation Planning Functions
under CPDO
• Provide input into the preparation/updating of
Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)
• Prepare/update public transport network
• Coordinate with the LTFRB in the adoption of the
city’s public transport network, and with public
transport operators in the provision of facilities like
terminals and waiting areas and in the filing of
franchise applications for new/amended routes
• Evaluate TIA Reports

90. Transportation Planning Functions under
CPDO (2)
• Appear in the hearings of the LTFRB to ensure
that the issuance of franchises is consistent
with the plans of the city
• Evaluate requests for variances from the
zoning ordinance that are likely to have a
significant transportation impact

91. Traffic Management Office
• Formulate and implement a traffic education
program
• Assign personnel to control traffic at
intersections and other locations requiring
such control
• Enforce traffic rules and regulations
• Operate towing units if applicable

92. TFO Functions
• Regulate operation of tricycles for hire,
pedicabs for hire and other public non-
motorized conveyances

93. Thank you for your
attention!