(environmental sector)

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
IN CLUP
Ricardo M. Sandalo
Assistant Professor
DCERP, College of Human Ecology
University of the Philippines Los Baños
January 2017
SCEnP in Calapan City
Short Course on Environmental Planning
DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc.
1

Twin Objectives
• To understand the principles why enviromental
considerations are important in CLUP preparation.
• To review how environment are considered throughout
the CLUP preparation process
2Short Course on Environmental Planning

3

The Land Use Plans of the
Local Government Units (LGUs)*
• A systematic and organized presentation of the LGU’s
strategic vision, objectives and directions
• Translated into a physical and spatial dimension
• Covers both public and private lands
• Starts from the uplands-to-lowlands-to-coastal ecosystems
of the watershed/sub-watershed system where the LGU is
located.
4

The Land Use Plans of the
Local Government Units (LGUs)*
• The detailed implementation of the CLUP’s strategic vision,
objectives and directions is presented through the various
local development plans such as Comprehensive
Development Plans (CDP)and sectoral/thematic plans
within the LGU’s area or shared area with other LGUs.
*in the enhanced CLUP guidelines by HLURB
5

Enhancements in the CLUP Guidebook
• Integration of climate change adaptation and disaster risk
reduction;
• Adoption of the ridge-to-reef or integrated watershed
ecosystems management framework to emphasize the
interrelationship between the upland, lowland and coastal
ecosystems;
6

• Integration of public and private land use management and
newly mandated land and resource use regimes such as
ancestral lands, biodiversity, cultural heritage, forestlands,
coastal/inland waters and protected areas, among others;
• Inclusion of green growth/eco-efficiency and urban design
considerations in urban development;
7

• Establishment of inter-LGU and/or inter-agency
arrangements to facilitate CLUP implementation;
• Emphasis on the precedence of spatial physical plans
(at the regional/ provincial/ local levels), particularly the
CLUP, over other forms of sectoral and development
plans in the LGU; and
• Highlighting the linkage of CLUP to the PPFP and other
plans (barangay plan and other area specific plans).
8

9

“
„
Human development should be planned in
a manner that took full account of
nature and natural processes
- Ian McHarg: Design with Nature (1969)

Critical elements of a successful
national land use policy
• The National Physical Framework Plan (NPFP) has
primacy over all other types of plans being made for the
country, including the Philippine Medium-Term
Development Plan;
• The national land use policy and physical planning process
shall be formulated following a combined bottom-up and
top-down approach;
11

• The NPFP, guides the planning and management of the
country’s land and other physical resources at the national
and sub-national levels;
• The NPFP indicates broad spatial directions and
development guidelines on the four major land use policy
areas, namely, settlements development, production land
use, protection land use, and infrastructure development;
12

• The NPFP should be the reference point by which
subsequent national and local sectoral or development
plans are directly linked and aligned;
• All plans and programs prepared by national and local
government agencies should be seen as contributing and
supportive of the physical development objectives and
goals of the adopted national, regional, and local physical
plans.
13

The enhanced CLUP
Guidebook advocates
the principles of the
Philippine Agenda 21
(PA21) adopted in
1996
14

15

Philippine Agenda 21:
the National Agenda for Sustainable Development
• PA 21 envisions a better quality of life for all through the
development of a just, moral, creative, spiritual,
economically-vibrant, caring, diverse yet cohesive society
• characterized by appropriate productivity, participatory and
democratic process
• and living in harmony within the limits of the carrying
capacity of nature and the integrity of creation.
16

Sustainable Development,
according to PA 21 (1996)
the ‘harmonious integration of a sound and viable economy,
responsible governance, social co-hesion and ecological
integrity, to ensure that development is a life-sustaining
process.’
17

Philippine Agenda 21’s
Five Goal Elements
1. Poverty Reduction: Poverty is a central concern of
sustainable development. Consistent with this, PA 21 has a
poverty reduction agenda that includes measures to create
an enabling economic environment for sustained and
broad-based growth; improve employment, productivity
and income; and attain food security.
18

Five Goal Elements
2. Social Equity: Social equity should mean allocation of
resources on the bases of efficiency and equity to achieve
balanced development.
Efficiency and equity mean the channelling of resources to
developing areas where greater economic benefits
accumulate and where there is greater need, distribution
being dependent on the practicality and urgency of needs.
19

3. Empowerment and Good Governance: Empowerment is
a precondition of informal choices. Good governance is a
necessary precondition to empowerment, as empowerment is
to good governance. These two are a defining element of
each other.
Five Goal Elements
20

4. Peace and Solidarity: The cycle of poverty and conflict
goes on as the costs of war escalate in terms of various kinds
of destruction while withholding funds for basic services,
resulting in more poverty and underdevelopment.
Five Goal Elements
21

5. Ecological Integrity: In general, the path towards
enhancing the integrity of the country’s ecological domain will
have to involve heightened and sustained implementation of
environmental laws, as well as the continued pursuit of
r e s o u r c e c o n s e r v a t i o n , a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l
restoration/enhancement programs.
Five Goal Elements
22

The enhanced CLUP Guidebook also promotes the
principles, which are consistent with the planning and
management of resources, provided for in the National
Framework for Physical Planning (NFPP) 2001-2030
23

• Food security: Utilizing the country’s land and water
resources in a manner that provides sufficient and
affordable food products to all Filipinos of the present and
future generations through local production and/or
importation.
National Framework for Physical Planning
(2001-2030), principles
24

• Environmental stability and ecological integrity:
Achieving environmental stability through the observance of
appropriate standards and ensuring ecological integrity
through effective natural resource management and
balancing the demand of land using activities vis-à-vis
preservation of ecosystems. Ensuring the proper selection
of a site to minimize the damage both to the environment
and human health (Appropriate location principle)
25

• Regional Urban Development: Encouraging the
sustainable growth of cities and large towns while
complementing the growth of rural areas by adopting
alternative development approaches.
• Spatial Integration: Linking consumption and production
areas to achieve physical and economic integration through
appropriate infrastructure systems.
26

• Equitable access to physical and natural resources:
Ensuring equitable access to resources through a just
distribution of the country’s resources and by providing
equal opportunities to all Filipinos in the use and acquisition
of land and other resources.
• Private-public sector partnership: Encouraging shared
responsibility between the government and the private
sector in the development and management of the
country’s physical resources.
27

• People Empowerment: Establishing pragmatic appropriate
flexible and dynamic structures or mechanisms that involve
the participation of key stakeholders.
• Recognition of the rights of indigenous people: Ensuring
the Indigenous Peoples (IPs) right to develop, control, and
use lands within their ancestral domains.
28

• Market orientation: Adopting the interplay of market forces
within the framework of ecological and intergenerational
factors as a basic parameter in the allocation and use of
physical resources.
29

The enhanced CLUP Guidebook supports and complements
the National Strategic Framework for Climate Change
(2010-2022) adopted by the Government of the Philippines as
its national strategy towards ‘ensuring and strengthening the
adaptation’ of our natural ecosystems and human
communities to climate change.
30

31

Integrated Ecosystem-based Management
• Addressing the country’s multiple vulnerabilities to
climate change requires an integrated ecosystem-based
management approach
• which not only acknowledges the interrelationships
across the country’s ecosystems,
• but also strengthens the integrity of decision-making
processes towards the formulation of comprehensive
adaptation strategies from ridge-to-reef.

Local Climate Change Action Plan.
• The Climate Change Act aims to systematically integrate the
concept of climate change in the policy formulation and
development plans of all units of government to prepare for
the impact of climate change.
• The Local Government Units (LGUs) have also been tasked
to formulate and implement their respective Local Climate
Change Action Plans (LCCAP) consistent with the Local
Government Code, the NFSCC and the NCCAP.

• The Climate Change Commission envisions that the LCCAP
should not represent a separate plan due to the multitude of
plans already required of the LGUs. Rather, the LCCAP as an
action plan, should be mainstreamed to the CLUP.
• Appropriate land use and land development is one of the
most concrete ways to implement CCA and DRRM, and to
harmonize these with sustainable development goals.
Local Climate Change Action Plan.

Planning Area
• T h e p r i m a r y p l a n n i n g a r e a i s d e f i n e d b y t h e
cities’/municipalities’ political boundaries. This includes all
component barangays and the city/municipal waters
extending 15 kilometers from shoreline for coastal LGUs.

Planning Area
• Under the ‘ridge-to-reef’ or integrated ecosystems
management framework, the physical coverage area of an
LGU’s CLUP shall be referenced from the specific
watershed/sub-watershed basin area within the
municipality or city and other adjacent localities (trans-
boundary).
• Thus, the CLUP shall cover both land and water resources
of the city/municipality. However, it shall also consider other
LGUs within the boundaries of its watershed/sub-watershed
area

Were the concerned
stakeholders from various
sector involved/ engaged
in the planning process?
STEPS 1 and 2:
40

In setting the vision, was it based on the
results and findings of both baseline
conditions or level of development
achieved from the implementation of the
existing CLUP and the projection and
estimations of land use demands,
demographic projections and spatial
d e v e l o p m e n t p a t t e r n s , c l i m a t e
change/disaster risk projections,
biophysical and biodiversity conditions,
and key local resource needs and
capacities of Step 4?
STEP 3:
Set the vision
41

What were the issues,
potentials and future
development needs and
spatial requirements of
the city/municipality?
We r e t h e y a s s e s s e d
using both technical and
participatory methods?
STEP 4:
Analyze the situation
42

Step 4: Analyze the Situation
• Sectoral and thematic studies
• Demographic/ socio-economic/ infrastructure-utilities
profile
• Coastal and marine
• Forest
• Climate change and disaster risk
• Ancestral domain

• Sectoral and thematic studies
• Heritage
• Green growth
• Urban design
• Sectoral needs/issues/problems
• Projected/future land requirements

• Assessment of natural/physical environmental
features
• Physical environmental profile
• Existing land uses (map and areas)
• Thematic and analytical maps
• Development constraints/ non-buildable areas
• Potential development areas

• Cross-sectoral analysis and integration of sectors and
land uses
• LGU potentials and comparative advantages
• Priority issues and problems
• Possible interventions

Were the formulated goals,
objectives, outcomes, and
output indicators achievable?
Were they responsive to
the issues, needs, and
potentials, of the
city/municipality?
STEP 5:
Set the goals and objective
50

Were the city/municipality’s
vision, goals, and objectives
translated into various
development alternatives or
scenarios?
(Note: the chosen scenario or a
combination of scenarios shall
serve as a framework for detailing
the future land use plan)
STEP 6:
Establish Development
Thrusts and Spatial Strategies
52

Example Strategies:
• Coastal areas
(aquaculture development)
• Urban center
(urban redevelopment/ heritage
conservation)
• Urban expansion area
(light industrial development)
• Agricultural plains
(agri-ecotourism)
• Upland forests
(conservation/eco-tourism)

W e r e t h e v i s i o n ,
development thrust, and
spatial strategies translated
into a Land Use Plan that
describes physically and
spatially what, where, why,
when, and how a LGU’s land
and water resources are
allocated within its territorial
jurisdiction (upland, lowland
and coastal)?
STEP 7:
Prepare the Land Use Plan
55

Were the land and water
r e s o u r c e s o f t h e L G U
identified to be either under
(a) protection and production
use;
(b) infrastructure;
(c) urban, and
(d) other development uses,
consistent with and
complementary to the CLUP’s
vision, development goals, and
objectives?
STEP 7:
Prepare the Land Use Plan
56

Preparing the Land Use Plan
• In allocating and detailing of land uses, the Land Use Plan
integrates the mandatory elements such as
• the transportation network,
• public facilities,
• economic development,
• ecologically critical areas, and
• natural hazards.

• The Land Use Plan specifies the features of the preferred
development thrust and spatial strategy, guided by the details
and policies governing the following:
• Growth centers and corridors
• Residential developments and basic facilities/services
• Ecological system and cultural heritage protection/conservation
• Economic development and local governance
• Infrastructure support systems
• Development intent
• Use of city/municipal waters

• All related sectoral/thematic and development plans prepared
by the LGU or national agencies shall be integrated into the
CLUP such as the following:
• Forest Land Use Plan
• Coastal Resources Management Plan
• Tourism Master Plan
• Protected Area Management Plan
• Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan
• Solid Waste Management Plan
• Agriculture Development Plan, etc.

Notes:
The sectoral/thematic plans should complement and
contribute to the attainment of the strategic objectives of the
CLUP.
Land use management and zoning arrangements of these
sectoral/thematic plans should be consistent and made
compatible with the designated local land use and zoning
arrangements of the LGU.

• The proposed Land Use Map will reflect the resultant land
use proposals for the entire city/municipality, including
coastal and marine areas.
• For purposes of having a more detailed presentation, the
urban core and other urbanizing areas may be enlarged to a
bigger scale to show the detailed land uses within.
• The components of urban use areas must be clearly
specified and explicitly presented to avoid subjectivity of
interpretation.

The Land Use Plan
shall include the following:
• Proposed land and water uses
• Land and water use policies essential in physical
development
• Proposed circulation network
• Major programs/ projects

Were the zone boundaries
defined/delineated in the map?
STEP 8:
Draft the Zoning Ordinance
64

W e r e t h e d e v e l o p m e n t
controls and integrated zoning
arrangements (for upland,
lowland, and coastal areas)
that will govern both public
and private lands of the LGU
formulated and reflected in a
z o n i n g m a p t h a t s h a l l
accompany the CLUP?
STEP 8:
65

(Note: The zoning map shows
the detailed zoning/ sub-
zoning arrangements that will
govern the specific land use
categories identified in the
CLUP)
STEP 8:
66

Base Zones
refers to the primary zoning classification of areas within a City/ Municipality that are provided with “basic”
regulations such as a list of allowable uses. Usually done in conjunction with Overlay Zones
Overlay Zones - a “transparent zone” that is overlain on top of the
Base Zone or another Overlay Zone and provides an additional set
[or layer] of regulations intended to address specific objectives for
the zone in consideration.
For example, an R-2 Zone (Base Zone) will be provided with a list of
allowable uses. However, its location may be susceptible to flooding
hence “overlay” regulations, such as requiring buildings/structures to
be elevated, may be provided. This technique is useful in addressing
CCA-DRR concerns.

Base Zones
Planned Unit Development (PUD) Zones— is a form of
Cluster Zoning intended to facilitate unitarily planned or master-
planned mixed-use developments, such as commercial,
industrial and residential.
refers to the primary zoning classification of areas within a City/ Municipality that are provided with “basic”
regulations such as a list of allowable uses. Usually done in conjunction with Overlay Zones

Base Zones
• Forest and Forest Land Use Zone
-Protection
-Production
• Agricultural Zone
• Protection Agricultural Sub-Zone
• Production Agricultural Sub-Zone
• Agri-Industrial Zone
• Municipal Waters Zone
-Protection
Sub-Zones: Fishery Refuge and Sanctuary, Foreshore Land,
Mangroves, Fishery Reserve, Delta/Estuary, Lake

Base Zones
• Mineral Land Zone
• Residential Zone 1-5
• Socialized Housing Zone
• General Commercial Zone
• Commercial Zone 1-3
• Industrial Zone 1-3
• General Institutional Zone
• Tourism Zone
• Parks and Recreation Zone
• Cemetery Zone
• Buffer/Greenbelt Zone
• Utilities, Transportation, and Services
(Infrastructure/Utilities) Zone
-Production
Sub-Zones:

REFERENCES
Enhanced CLUP Guidebook, HLURB, Volumes 1 and 2
73

THANK YOU!
74

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