Polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs) are biodegradable polymers produced by some bacteria when excess carbon is available. Bacteria accumulate PHBs intracellularly as carbon and energy reserves. PHB is the most common type and was first discovered in 1925. It has properties suitable for applications like bioplastics, medical implants, and packaging. Research is optimizing production methods like varying carbon sources, nutrients, and growing conditions to improve PHB yields from bacteria. Genetic engineering and mutation studies also aim to develop higher yielding bacterial strains for more economical commercial production of PHB bioplastics.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates as an example of natural biodegredable polymers .
PHAs are biodegredable biopolyesters produced by a variety of gram negative and gram positive bacteria.
They have a variety of applications in the industrial and medical fields .
Industrial Production of Amino Acid (L-Lysine)Mominul Islam
Three amino acids which are produced at large scale includes-
- L-lysine
- L-glutamic acid
- DL- methionine
We are now going to discuss about the production of L-Lysine
Polyhydroxyalkanoates as an example of natural biodegredable polymers .
PHAs are biodegredable biopolyesters produced by a variety of gram negative and gram positive bacteria.
They have a variety of applications in the industrial and medical fields .
Industrial Production of Amino Acid (L-Lysine)Mominul Islam
Three amino acids which are produced at large scale includes-
- L-lysine
- L-glutamic acid
- DL- methionine
We are now going to discuss about the production of L-Lysine
Basic Knowledge about industrial microorganism. why industry choose microorganism rather than chemical. isolation technique of microorganism. source of microorganisms. Process of using microorganism. Disadvantages of using microorganisms in industry. Process of genetic modification of microorganisms. Storage process of microorganism. preservation methods of microorganism. Reculture methods of microorganism.
Microbial Kinetics in Batch Culture
Culture system containing a limited amount of nutrient, which is inoculated with the microorganism. Cells grow until some component is exhausted or until the environment changes so as to inhibit growth. Biomass concentration defined in terms of cell dry weight measurements (g/l) or total cell number (cells/ml).
Lineweaver-Burke Equation.....We remember the Monod Equation
Invert…
The equation now has the form of a straight line with intercept.
Y = MX + C
By plotting as a function of
You get a straight line, where the slope is , and the y–axis intercept is .
Product Yield Coefficient
Maintenance:
Cells use energy and raw materials for two functions, production of new cells and the maintenance of existing cells. In general, consumption of materials for maintenance is small w.r.t. the amount of materials used in the synthesis of new biomass.
Generally it is assumed that the use of materials for maintenance is proportional to the amount of cells present.
The term “fermentation” is derived from the Latin verb fervere, to boil, thus describing the appearance of the action of yeast on extracts of fruit or malted grain. The boiling appearance is due to the production of carbon dioxide bubbles caused by the anaerobic catabolism of the sugars present in the extract. However, fermentation has come to have different meanings to biochemists and to industrial microbiologists. Its biochemical meaning relates to the generation of energy by the catabolism of organic compounds, whereas its meaning in industrial microbiology tends to be much broader. Fermentation is a word that has many meanings for the microbiologist: 1 Any process involving the mass culture of microorganisims, either aerobic or anaerobic. 2 Any biological process that occurs in the absence of O2. 3 Food spoilage. 4 The production of
Bioprocess development and technology-Introduction,History of bioprocess,Milestones of Bioprocess development,Bioprocess development,Impact on Biotechnology
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Optimizing the production of Polyphosphate from Acinetobacter towneriGJESM Publication
Inorganic polyphosphates (PolyP) are linear polymers of few to several hundred orthophosphate residues, linked by energy-rich phosphoanhydride bonds. Four isolates had been screened from soil sample. By MALDI-TOF analysis, they were identified as Bacillius cereus, Acinetobacter towneri, B. megaterium and B. cereus. The production of PolyP in four isolates was studied in phosphate uptake medium and sulfur deficient medium at pH 7. These organisms had shown significant production of PolyP after 22h of incubation. PolyP was extracted from the cells using alkaline lysis method. Among those isolates, Acinetobacter towneri was found to have high (24.57% w/w as P) accumulation of PolyP in sulfur deficient medium. The media optimization for sulfur deficiency was carried out using Response surface methodology (RSM). It was proven that increase in phosphate level in the presence of glucose, under sulfur limiting condition, enhanced the phosphate accumulation by Acinetobacter towneri and these condition can be simulated for the effective removal of phosphate from wastewater sources.
Basic Knowledge about industrial microorganism. why industry choose microorganism rather than chemical. isolation technique of microorganism. source of microorganisms. Process of using microorganism. Disadvantages of using microorganisms in industry. Process of genetic modification of microorganisms. Storage process of microorganism. preservation methods of microorganism. Reculture methods of microorganism.
Microbial Kinetics in Batch Culture
Culture system containing a limited amount of nutrient, which is inoculated with the microorganism. Cells grow until some component is exhausted or until the environment changes so as to inhibit growth. Biomass concentration defined in terms of cell dry weight measurements (g/l) or total cell number (cells/ml).
Lineweaver-Burke Equation.....We remember the Monod Equation
Invert…
The equation now has the form of a straight line with intercept.
Y = MX + C
By plotting as a function of
You get a straight line, where the slope is , and the y–axis intercept is .
Product Yield Coefficient
Maintenance:
Cells use energy and raw materials for two functions, production of new cells and the maintenance of existing cells. In general, consumption of materials for maintenance is small w.r.t. the amount of materials used in the synthesis of new biomass.
Generally it is assumed that the use of materials for maintenance is proportional to the amount of cells present.
The term “fermentation” is derived from the Latin verb fervere, to boil, thus describing the appearance of the action of yeast on extracts of fruit or malted grain. The boiling appearance is due to the production of carbon dioxide bubbles caused by the anaerobic catabolism of the sugars present in the extract. However, fermentation has come to have different meanings to biochemists and to industrial microbiologists. Its biochemical meaning relates to the generation of energy by the catabolism of organic compounds, whereas its meaning in industrial microbiology tends to be much broader. Fermentation is a word that has many meanings for the microbiologist: 1 Any process involving the mass culture of microorganisims, either aerobic or anaerobic. 2 Any biological process that occurs in the absence of O2. 3 Food spoilage. 4 The production of
Bioprocess development and technology-Introduction,History of bioprocess,Milestones of Bioprocess development,Bioprocess development,Impact on Biotechnology
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Optimizing the production of Polyphosphate from Acinetobacter towneriGJESM Publication
Inorganic polyphosphates (PolyP) are linear polymers of few to several hundred orthophosphate residues, linked by energy-rich phosphoanhydride bonds. Four isolates had been screened from soil sample. By MALDI-TOF analysis, they were identified as Bacillius cereus, Acinetobacter towneri, B. megaterium and B. cereus. The production of PolyP in four isolates was studied in phosphate uptake medium and sulfur deficient medium at pH 7. These organisms had shown significant production of PolyP after 22h of incubation. PolyP was extracted from the cells using alkaline lysis method. Among those isolates, Acinetobacter towneri was found to have high (24.57% w/w as P) accumulation of PolyP in sulfur deficient medium. The media optimization for sulfur deficiency was carried out using Response surface methodology (RSM). It was proven that increase in phosphate level in the presence of glucose, under sulfur limiting condition, enhanced the phosphate accumulation by Acinetobacter towneri and these condition can be simulated for the effective removal of phosphate from wastewater sources.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Powerpoint presentation on bioplastics, history of bioplastics, Producing bioplastics, Biodegradable polymers, PHB: case study. producing PHB, History of PHB, Strains to produce PHB, applications of PHB, Companies using PHB, Companies using bioplastics, Current status of Bioplastic, Potential of Bioplastics, Conclusion
Fermentative metabolism and development of bioprocessing technology, processi...Ananya Sinha
This ppt includes, fermentation, the metabolism, the bioprocessor, it's technology, and the recombinant products. It connects all these topics together. The outline for plants and animals is nearly same
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
4. Polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs) are members from family of
polyesters known as Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs).
Accumulated in intracellular granules by Gram-positive and
Gram-negative microorganisms.
PHB are produced when there is excess carbon source with the
limitation of one of the essential nutrients.
Also known as Biopolymers as they are produced from
microorganisms.
They are thermoplastic polymers and are totally biodegradable.
6. • Many different types of PHAs are available and PHB is the
most common one
• Empirical formula - [C4H6O2]n
• Structural formula for the linear chain of PHB
7. • PHB was discovered in 1925 by French
scientist Maurice Lemoigne.
• Found that PHB as the intracellular inclusions
in many bacteria.
• In 1982, the Imperial Chemical Industry in
England announced product development
program of this biopolymer. A pilot production
of 2 tonnes of PHB was made in 1991.
Maurice Lemoigne
16. It consists of three enzymes
β-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (phb A)
NADPH dependent Acetoacetyl-CoA dehydrogenase (phb
B)
P(3HB) polymerase (phb C)
Huisman et al., 1989
20. Polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs) are polymers that bacteria produce under
conditions of low concentrations of important nutrients (typically nitrogen,
but sometimes oxygen) and high concentrations of carbon sources.
This process occurs because the excess carbon leads to bacteria creating
carbon reserves (PHAs) to save for a time with more plentiful nutrients in
which they need energy to carry out regular functions.
Bacteria store PHBs in granules for later use.
These polymers are accumulated intracellularly under conditions of
nutrient stress and act as a carbon and energy reserve.
21. • Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is synthesized as an
intracellular storage material and accumulates as distinct white
granules during unbalanced growth in the cell, these are
clearly visible in the cytoplasm of the cell.
• Many bacteria including those in the soil, are capable of PHB
production and breakdown.
22. Purification of PHB
PHB recovery from bacterial extract
PHB synthesis
Bacteria
Physical stress ( pH, Temperature)
Production of PHB
35. • Bioenvelop – Canada – BioP – food containers
• EarthShell – USA - utensils
• EverCorn. Inc. – Japan – EverCorn – resin for coating
• National Starch Company – UK - packaging
• Novamont – Italy – Mater-Bi – films and moulded
products
• VTT Chemical Technology – Finland – COHPOL
• Plastobag Industries – India
Companies involved in production of PHB
43. Media: Treated date molasses dissolved in nutrient broth, supplemented
with glucose.
PHBproduction
(g/50ml)
2 days
6 days
4 days
8 days
Eschericia
coli
Bacillus
subtilis
Lactobacillus
acidophilus
Bacillus
thuringiensis
Staphylococcus
aureus
44. Media: Treated date molasses dissolved in nutrient broth.
2 days
6 days
4 days
8 days
PHBproduction
(g/50ml)
Bacillus
subtilis
Lactobacillus
acidophilus
Bacillus
thuringiensis
Staphylococcus
aureus
Eschericia
coli
45. Media: Whey supplemented with peptone, yeast extract and glucose.
2 days
6 days
4 days
8 days
PHBproduction
(g/50ml)
Bacillus
subtilis
Lactobacillus
acidophilus
Bacillus
thuringiensis
Staphylococcus
aureus
Eschericia
coli
46. Media: Whey supplemented with peptone, yeast extract and sucrose.
2 days
6 days
4 days
8 days
PHBproduction
(g/50ml)
Bacillus
subtilis
Lactobacillus
acidophilus
Bacillus
thuringiensis
Staphylococcus
aureus
Eschericia
coli
47. Media: whey supplemented with peptone and yeast extract
2 days
6 days
4 days
8 days
Bacillus
subtilis
Lactobacillus
acidophilus
Bacillus
thuringiensis
Staphylococcus
aureus
PHBproduction
(g/50ml)
Eschericia
coli
51. Conclusion
• PHB derived plastics can serve as a better
replacement for conventional plastics
• Eco-friendly
• High cost
• Approaches required to reduce the cost
• Strain development is the needed
