The document discusses the promise of nanotechnology for cancer treatment and diagnosis. It outlines how nanotechnology can help with detection, drug delivery, targeted therapy, imaging, and gene delivery. Some ways nanotechnology is currently being used include nanotheranostics, which allow simultaneous diagnosis and treatment, targeting cancer stem cells, and novel nanodevices like plasmonic nanobubbles. While nanotechnology shows potential, challenges remain around toxicity, costs, and translating research findings into approved drugs. The document calls for biotechnologists to provide ideas to further advance the field of cancer nanotechnology.
Detailed idea on nanotechnology, nanomedicine, types, uses, pharmacotherapy, and future prospects of the nanotechnology. Drug delivery systems, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the nanoparticles are dealt in detail
Detailed idea on nanotechnology, nanomedicine, types, uses, pharmacotherapy, and future prospects of the nanotechnology. Drug delivery systems, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the nanoparticles are dealt in detail
Review paper on the applications and challenges of gold nanoparticles in medicine and dentistry.
Gold nanoparticles is a game-changer in delivering patient care. Its versatility can be put to use in diagnosis, imaging and treatment of various conditions. It relatively recent innovation although gold is a metal that has had a lot of meaning in human civilisation.With a lot of potential left unexplored one has to what and watch the miracles this breakthrough has in store for medical science.
Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 10 to 1000 nm.
Nanoparticles are made of a macromolecular material which can be of synthetic or natural origin.
Nanotechnology and potential in Cancer therapy and treatmentladen12
this presentation focuses on new nanotechnology and it possible use in detection and therapy with cancer. it was prepared by final year biochemistry student at NCU.
Nanotechnology and its Application in Cancer TreatmentHasnat Tariq
Nanotechnology
Nanomaterials
Nanostructures
Nanoparticles
Unexpected Optical Properties of Nanoparticles
Synthesis of Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology in Cancer Treatment
Role of Sulfur NPs in Cancer Treatment
Human Tumour Cell Lines Used in Research
Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)
Sulfur Nanoparticles Preparation
MTT Assay
Sulphorhodamine-B (SRB) Assay
Median lethal dose (LD 50)
Experimental design
FT-IR Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
SEM Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
EDS Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
XRD Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
Chemical Studies on Sulfur Nanoparticles In Vitro
Biochemical investigations
Conclusion
Applications of Nanoparticles in cancer treatment
Nanoshells
Nano X-Ray therapy
Drug Delivery by Nanoparticles
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how nanotechnology for drug deliver is becoming economically feasible.
video 1-3 (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sITy14zCvI8).....Scale of Nanotechnology
video 2-3 (http://www.facebook.com/video/video.php?v=2196584121947&oid=198340380213942).......Journey Into Nanotechnology
video 3-3 (http://www.facebook.com/video/video.php?v=2196594562208&oid=198340380213942).....Molecular Imaging Therapy
Review paper on the applications and challenges of gold nanoparticles in medicine and dentistry.
Gold nanoparticles is a game-changer in delivering patient care. Its versatility can be put to use in diagnosis, imaging and treatment of various conditions. It relatively recent innovation although gold is a metal that has had a lot of meaning in human civilisation.With a lot of potential left unexplored one has to what and watch the miracles this breakthrough has in store for medical science.
Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 10 to 1000 nm.
Nanoparticles are made of a macromolecular material which can be of synthetic or natural origin.
Nanotechnology and potential in Cancer therapy and treatmentladen12
this presentation focuses on new nanotechnology and it possible use in detection and therapy with cancer. it was prepared by final year biochemistry student at NCU.
Nanotechnology and its Application in Cancer TreatmentHasnat Tariq
Nanotechnology
Nanomaterials
Nanostructures
Nanoparticles
Unexpected Optical Properties of Nanoparticles
Synthesis of Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology in Cancer Treatment
Role of Sulfur NPs in Cancer Treatment
Human Tumour Cell Lines Used in Research
Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)
Sulfur Nanoparticles Preparation
MTT Assay
Sulphorhodamine-B (SRB) Assay
Median lethal dose (LD 50)
Experimental design
FT-IR Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
SEM Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
EDS Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
XRD Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
Chemical Studies on Sulfur Nanoparticles In Vitro
Biochemical investigations
Conclusion
Applications of Nanoparticles in cancer treatment
Nanoshells
Nano X-Ray therapy
Drug Delivery by Nanoparticles
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how nanotechnology for drug deliver is becoming economically feasible.
video 1-3 (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sITy14zCvI8).....Scale of Nanotechnology
video 2-3 (http://www.facebook.com/video/video.php?v=2196584121947&oid=198340380213942).......Journey Into Nanotechnology
video 3-3 (http://www.facebook.com/video/video.php?v=2196594562208&oid=198340380213942).....Molecular Imaging Therapy
A nanometer is a billionth of a meter
It's difficult to imagine anything so small, but think of
something only 1/80,000 the width of a human hair
Ten hydrogen atoms could be laid side-by- side in a single nanometer.
Nanotechnology is the creation of useful materials, devices, and systems through the manipulation of matter on this miniscule scale
There are many interesting nanodevices being developed that have a potential to improve cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment
The engineered nanoparticles are effectively used for cancer treatment due to their targeted drug delivery approach. Download the Aranca report on Technology and Patent Research for current research trends and developments.
The main aim deals with the eradication of cancer cells by providing a steady, possible method of destroying and curing the cancer in an efficient and safe way so that healthy cells are not affected in any manner. This technology also focuses on a main idea that the patient is not affected by cancer again. The purpose of using the RF signal is to save normal cells.
Nanotechnology for cancer therapy recent developmentsroshan telrandhe
This paper is an overview of advances and prospects in applications of nanotechnology for cancer treatment. Nanotechnology is an use for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. nanotechnology offers a promise for the targeted delivery of drugs, genes and protein to tumer tissue and therefore alleviating the toxicity of anticancer agent in healthy tissues. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Nanotechnology is one of the most rapidly growing fields in the 21st centuryThese mainly include arrays of nanocantilevers, nanotubes and nanowires for multiplexing detection, multifunctional injectable nanovectors for therapeutics and diagnostics. This article review current nanotechnology platforms for anticancer drug delivery, including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoshells, nuclear acid base nanoparticle [DNA, RNA interference (RNAi), and antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) ] The review increases awarnes of advantages in cancer therapy
Various Approach for the Treatment of Cancer - using Nano-Technologyijsrd.com
the credential part of the paper reviews about the advanced methods for the treatment of cancer using nano devices and nano technology technique. The advanced technology which could be the best to treat cancer is the treatment using nano-technology the molecular scale properties and the interface between the chemical, biological and the physical sciences are the important concerns of nano-technology. The application in the treatment of cancer using nano- technology is promising more than the ordinary treatments. This paper also proposes the use of nano-robots in medical field is the fast, best, and safe method for the treatment of different diseases in the human body. The main stress given in the paper is the comparison of the latest treatment in curing cancer using nano-technology.
Clinical applications of bionanotechnologyHari kesavan
Bionanotechnology is a science that sits at the convergence of nanotechnology and biology. Nanobiology and nanobiotechnology are other names that are used interchangeably with bionanotechnology.
There are different strategies bacterial cells use to survive. Differentiation can be occasionally one of them. Although differentiation can occur in the bacterial life cycle, it is a strategy to adapt themselves to harsh environments.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...
Cancer Nanobiotechnology
1. Today’s hot issues in:
Cancer Nanobiotechnology
By: Naghmeh Poorinmohammad
na.poorin@gmail.com
2. Outline
• Why nanotechnology is promising in cancer control?
• How can it help?
• “Today” what does nanotechnology do to amaze us?
• Bright points aside/ Dark points aside...
• Biotechnologists! Any ideas?
• References
2
3. 3
Why Nanotechnology is promising in cancer
control?
1. Limitations of Macromedicine:
• Microscopic residual
• Functional damage to organs
• Resistance in cancer cells
• Side effects of therapies
2. Novelty of “nano” and its uncovered potentials
• It is promising in other fields
• It has shown unique properties
ATTENTION: We now know some nano limitations also!
4. How can it help?
Detection/
diagnosis
Drug
delivery
Targeted
therapy
Imaging
Gene
Delivery
Biomarker
mapping
4
5. Today what does nanotechnology do
to amaze us?!
1. Nanotheranostics
2. Fighting with Cancer Stem Cells
3. Novel nanodevices
5
6. Today what does
nanotechnology
do to amaze us?!
1. Nanotheranostics
2. Fighting with
Cancer Stem
Cells
3. Novel
nanodevices
6
7. Today what does
nanotechnology
do to amaze us?! • Therapeutics + Diagnostics
• Application of nanotechnology in preparation of
dual-purpose nanomaterials used for
simultaneous diagnosis and therapy.
• A combined technique will result in an
improved disease management, reduced risks
and reduced cost.
• Suitable theranostic approaches are expected
for all diseases, especially cancer, in the future,
although this will take some time.
1. Nanotheranostics
2. Fighting with
Cancer Stem
Cells
3. Novel
nanodevices
7
8. Today what does
nanotechnology
do to amaze us?!
1. Nanotheranostics
2. Fighting with
Cancer Stem
Cells
3. Novel
nanodevices
8
9. Today what does
nanotechnology
do to amaze us?!
1. Nanotheranostics
2. Fighting with
Cancer Stem
Cells
3. Novel
nanodevices
• Case study 1:
9
Yang, Hee-Man, et al. "Multifunctional poly (aspartic acid) nanoparticles containing iron oxide
nanocrystals and doxorubicin for simultaneous cancer diagnosis and therapy." Colloids and Surfaces A:
Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 391.1 (2011): 208-215.
10. Today what does
nanotechnology
do to amaze us?!
1. Nanotheranostics
2. Fighting with
Cancer Stem
Cells
3. Novel
nanodevices
• Case study 2:
10
Yang, Kai, et al. "Multimodal imaging guided photothermal therapy using functionalized graphene
nanosheets anchored with magnetic nanoparticles."Advanced materials 24.14 (2012): 1868-1872.
11. Today what does
nanotechnology
do to amaze us?!
1. Nanotheranostics
2. Fighting with
Cancer Stem
Cells
3. Novel
nanodevices
11
• CSCs are functionally and phenotypically distinct
from other tumor cells.
• Nanotechnology for the targeting of CSCs can
provide us with a solution to cure cancer before a
tumor forms
• curcumin shows anti-CSC activity, but its efficacy
is limited by its poor bioavailability. Compared with
free curcumin, curcumin-loaded nanomedicine
showed enhanced stability, bioavailability and
antitumor effects (Mimeault and Batra 2011)
• SWNTs conjugated with CD133 antibodies
developed by Wang et al. and many other such
studies.
12. Today what does
nanotechnology
do to amaze us?!
1. Nanotheranostics
2. Fighting with
Cancer Stem
Cells
3. Novel
nanodevices
12
13. Today what does
nanotechnology
do to amaze us?!
1. Nanotheranostics
2. Fighting with
Cancer Stem
Cells
3. Novel
nanodevices
Plasmonic Nanobubbles
• When exposed to intense and short laser pulses,
plasmon resonant nanoparticles may reach high
temperatures and heat or even evaporate the
surrounding space.
• The plasmonic nanobubble expands to its maximal
diameter, then collapses back to the nanoparticle.
• PNBs show different optical efficacy.
• Plasmonic nanobubble can be 100-1000 times
brighter than gold NPs.
13
Lukianova-Hleb, Ekaterina Y., and Dmitri O. Lapotko. "Plasmonic Nanobubbles for Cancer
Theranostics." Engineering in Translational Medicine. Springer London, 2014. 879-926.
14. Today what does
nanotechnology
do to amaze us?!
1. Nanotheranostics
2. Fighting with
Cancer Stem
Cells
3. Novel
nanodevices
Plasmonic Nanobubbles
14
Lukianova-Hleb, Ekaterina Y., and Dmitri O. Lapotko. "Plasmonic Nanobubbles for Cancer
Theranostics." Engineering in Translational Medicine. Springer London, 2014. 879-926.
15. Bright points aside/ Dark points aside...
• Toxicity/Biocompatibility studies
Should be further investigated
• Costs
Sometimes high
• Research output
Let’s see in the next slides...
15
16. Nanomedicine publication profiles over time
16
Venditto, Vincent J., and Francis C. Szoka Jr. "Cancer nanomedicines: so many papers and so few drugs!." Advanced drug delivery
reviews 65.1 (2013): 80-88.
17. Nanomedicine innovation and approval timeline
17
Venditto, Vincent J., and Francis C. Szoka Jr. "Cancer nanomedicines: so many papers and so few drugs!." Advanced drug delivery
reviews 65.1 (2013): 80-88.
19. References to Dig Deeper
• Venditto, Vincent J., and Francis C. Szoka Jr. "Cancer nanomedicines: so many papers
and so few drugs!." Advanced drug delivery reviews 65.1 (2013): 80-88.
• Ahmed, Naveed, Hatem Fessi, and Abdelhamid Elaissari. "Theranostic applications of
nanoparticles in cancer." Drug Discovery Today 17.17 (2012): 928-934.
• Lukianova-Hleb, Ekaterina Y., and Dmitri O. Lapotko. "Plasmonic Nanobubbles for
Cancer Theranostics." Engineering in Translational Medicine. Springer London, 2014.
879-926.
• Janát-Amsbury, Margit M., and You Han Bae. "Nanotechnology in Cancer." Handbook
of Anticancer Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. Springer New York, 2014.
703-730.
• Sanna, Vanna, Nicolino Pala, and Mario Sechi. "Targeted therapy using
nanotechnology: focus on cancer." International journal of nanomedicine 9 (2014): 467.
18
19
(1) Incomplete resection of tumors results in microscopic residual disease
[1–5]. (2) Resection of tumors intertwined with functionally or cosmetically
important organs causes functional and cosmetic damage [6–9]. (3) Residual
cancer cells often become highly resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy,
rendering these interventions ineffective and greatly increasing the risk of local
regional recurrence [10, 11]. (4) High doses of drugs and radiation induce severe
nonspecific toxicities, further complicating treatment [5].
This knowledge includes understanding
of molecular mechanisms, diagnostic
strategies, therapeutic efficiency, the toxicity and
side-effects of materials and nanoparticle preparation
techniques for the dual purpose of
diagnosis and therapy
This knowledge includes understanding
of molecular mechanisms, diagnostic
strategies, therapeutic efficiency, the toxicity and
side-effects of materials and nanoparticle preparation
techniques for the dual purpose of
diagnosis and therapy
Yang, Hee-Man, et al. "Multifunctional poly (aspartic acid) nanoparticles containing iron oxide nanocrystals and doxorubicin for simultaneous cancer diagnosis and therapy." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 391.1 (2011): 208-215.
prepared by
Yang et al. [64] illustrate theranostic applications.
In this study, poly(aspartic acid) was used as a
carrier for drug delivery because it is biodegradable.
IONPs synthesised by a thermal
decomposition method were loaded on poly(-
aspartic acid) nanoparticles via an emulsion
method, whereas DOX was incorporated into
multifunctional nanoparticles via solvent diffusion.
IONPs were used for the enhancement of
T2 contrast, whereas DOX was loaded for cancer
therapeutic applications. They showed that DOX
was released successfully from nanoparticles
and an MRI study was done using IONPs as the
contrast agent for diagnosis purposes.
The nanocomposite was prepared and
functionalised with a biocompatible polymer
(PEG). This functionalisation was done to reduce
the toxic effects of graphene. With imaging
guidance they were able to design a photothermal
study for the treatment of the tumour
and obtained results using ultra-efficient tumour
ablation. Different doses were tested and no
side-effect regarding in vivo or in vitro toxicity
was observed, hence providing another probe
for in vivo multimodel tumour imaging and
imaging-guided PTT.
Photothermal therapy (PTT) employs photo-absorbing agents
to generate heat from optical energy, leading to the ‘burning’
of cancer cells.
gold-based
nanomaterials, [ 1 ] carbon nanotubes [ 2 , 3 ] and graphene, [ 4 , 5 ] all
with strong optical absorbance in the NIR tissue transparency
window, have been proposed as photothermal agents for PTT
treatment of cancer.
Although a number
of studies have uncovered that pristine graphene and graphene
oxide (GO) could induce toxicity in biological systems, results
from our and many other groups have also suggested that wellfunctionalized
nanoscale GO with biocompatible coatings are
not obviously toxic in vitro to cells and in vivo to animals. [ 11 , 12 ]
As a typical nanocomposite
material, the GO–iron oxide nanoparticle (GO–IONP) composite
has attracted substantial attention in biomedicine, for
potential use as the contrast agent for cell labeling in magnetic
resonance (MR) imaging, [ 14 ] as well as a nanocarrier for intracellular
drug delivery. [ 15 ] However, in most previous reports,
little attention has been paid to the surface chemistry (e.g., biocompatible
coatings) of graphene-based nanocomposites used
in biomedicine. Possibly as a result, graphene-based nanocomposites
have not yet been explored for in-vivo applications in
animal experiments to our best knowledge.
In this work, we designed a novel probe based on reduced
graphene oxide (RGO)–iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) nanocomposite,
which was noncovalently functionalized with a
biocompatible polymer, polyethylene glycol (PEG), for applications
in multimodal imaging guided photothermal therapy
of cancer. Utilizing the intrinsic high NIR optical absorbance
and strong magnetic property of RGO–IONP–PEG, as well as
external labels, in vivo triple modal fl uorescence, photoacoustic
tomography (PAT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging
of tumor-bearing mice was carried out, revealing high tumor
uptake of our nanocomposite in a 4T1 murine breast tumor
mouse model. Under the guidance of imaging, we designed an
in-vivo photothermal therapy (PTT) study, and found that the
tumors of mice treated with RGO–IONP–PEG were effectively
ablated by irradiation with an 808 nm NIR laser at a low power
density of 0.5 W cm − 2 . Our data greatly promise future explorations
of graphene-base nanocomposites for cancer imaging and
therapies.
Molecular basis of CSCs must be fully described which is today progressing. After that, targeted drug delivery with high efficiency and good pharmacokinetics provided by nanotechnology will help us in fighting against CSCs.
Venditto, Vincent J., and Francis C. Szoka Jr. "Cancer nanomedicines: so many papers and so few drugs!." Advanced drug delivery reviews 65.1 (2013): 80-88.