Throat paints are viscous solutions intended for application to the throat to treat conditions like pharyngitis and tonsillitis. They contain active ingredients like iodine as well as glycerin to adhere to the throat and prolong the action of the medicaments. Mandl's throat paint is a common formula that contains potassium iodide, iodine, alcohol, water, peppermint oil, and glycerin. It is used topically for conditions like tonsillitis and pharyngitis. Throat paints must be stored properly in light-resistant bottles to preserve the active ingredients.
Semisolid dosage forms are neither solid nor liquid, however, they are a combination or mixture of both, and they used for both local and systemic effects. Pharmaceutical semisolid dosage forms such as creams, ointments, gels, suppositories, and paste are used for topical application. Semisolid dosage forms are intended used as drug carriers that are transported topically through the skin, buckle tissue, rectal tissue, outer ear lining nasal mucosa, urethral membrane, vagina, and cornea. The semisolid may adhere adequately before washing on the surface of the application; this helps to extend the supply of drugs on the application site.
Semisolid dosage forms are neither solid nor liquid, however, they are a combination or mixture of both, and they used for both local and systemic effects. Pharmaceutical semisolid dosage forms such as creams, ointments, gels, suppositories, and paste are used for topical application. Semisolid dosage forms are intended used as drug carriers that are transported topically through the skin, buckle tissue, rectal tissue, outer ear lining nasal mucosa, urethral membrane, vagina, and cornea. The semisolid may adhere adequately before washing on the surface of the application; this helps to extend the supply of drugs on the application site.
Liquid dosage forms are effective pharmaceutical products containing a mixture of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API/Drug) and non drug components (excipients). It is a dose of a drug used as a medicine for consumption or administration. Many liquid dosage forms are used in the pharmacy, but the most commonly used are syrup, suspension, and elixirs. The general category of liquid oral doses includes a broad range of dosage forms, broadly classified as monophasic and biphasic. Whereas dosage forms in both types comprise at least one drug, monophasic forms are homogeneous and completely dissolve in liquid, whereas biphasic forms in a vehicle do not dissolve.
CREAMS MS.WAJIHA IFFAT
OBJECTIVES:
After the end of this topic, the student will be able to :
-->Define creams
-->Classify creams
--->Method of preparation
--->prepare a cream from first principles
incorporate solids and liquids into a cream base
a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture containing solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation. Usually they must be larger than one micrometer. A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the solute particles do not dissolve but get suspended throughout the bulk of the medium.
Liquid dosage forms are effective pharmaceutical products containing a mixture of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API/Drug) and non drug components (excipients). It is a dose of a drug used as a medicine for consumption or administration. Many liquid dosage forms are used in the pharmacy, but the most commonly used are syrup, suspension, and elixirs. The general category of liquid oral doses includes a broad range of dosage forms, broadly classified as monophasic and biphasic. Whereas dosage forms in both types comprise at least one drug, monophasic forms are homogeneous and completely dissolve in liquid, whereas biphasic forms in a vehicle do not dissolve.
CREAMS MS.WAJIHA IFFAT
OBJECTIVES:
After the end of this topic, the student will be able to :
-->Define creams
-->Classify creams
--->Method of preparation
--->prepare a cream from first principles
incorporate solids and liquids into a cream base
a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture containing solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation. Usually they must be larger than one micrometer. A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the solute particles do not dissolve but get suspended throughout the bulk of the medium.
In this presentation viewers will able to learn about liquids for external use such as liniments and lotions, liquids for oral cavity such as mouthwash, throat paints and gargles.
Ophthalmic dosage are the preparation designed for application to the eye:-
For treatment
For symptomatic release of symptoms
For diagnostic purpose
As aid to surgical procedures
They are the sterile products meant to instillation in to the eye in the space between eye lid and the eye ball
They are also prepared as parenteral product. Example
Eye drops, Eye lotion, Eye ointment, Eye suspension, Contact lens solution
Anatomy of eye and adrena, absorption of drug in the eye, classification of ophthalmic
products, safety consideration of ophthalmic products, formulation, vehicles and additives,
manufacturing consideration, environment, manufacturing techniques, quality control of
ophthalmic products, packaging of ophthalmic products.
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4. “Throat Paints are solutions
or dispersions of one or more
active ingredients intended for
application to the mucosa of the
throat or mouth.”
5. Throat paints are viscous due
to a high contact of
glycerin, which being
sticky, adhere to the affected
site and prolong the action of
the medicaments.
6. 1. Compound Iodine
Paint (Mandl’s Paint) –
used for pharyngitis or
tonsillitis. Iodine throat
paint is designed to kill
germs. It can be used on
sore throats and ulcers to
ease them
2. Crystal Violet Paint –
used for thrush.
7. 1. Phenol glycerin
(diluted with equal
volume of glycerin to
reduce its causticity)
produces analgesic effect
in tonsillitis and
ulcerative stomatitis.
2. Tannic acid Glycerin,
has astringent action,
relieves from sore
throat.
8. e.g. Mandl's Throat Paint
Formula:
Potassium iodide 25g
Iodine 12.5g
Alcohol 90%v/v 40ml
Water 25ml
Peppermint oil 4ml
Glycerol up to 1000ml
9. (i) Potassium iodide is dissolved in
water.
(ii) Iodine is added in the concentrated
potassium iodide solutions to form KI3
(or higher iodides).
(iii) Peppermint oil is dissolved in
alcohol 90%v/v and the alcoholic
solution is added to the iodine
solution.
(iv) Volume is made up with glycerin.
10. USES: Tosilitis, Pharyngitis
ROLE OF INGREDIENT
Potassium Iodide: To make soluble iodine in water
Iodine: Antiseptic, Penetrate inn pores and have
germicidal effect, treat small abrasion and wounds in
Skin
Alcohol: Preservative
Water: Solvent
Peppermint Oil: Flavoring agent
Glycerin: Vehicle, Viscous, sticky, adhere to affected
site and prolong effect of medicament
11. A wide mouthed, fluted, light resistant,
screw-capped, glass-jar is used.
Dispense in amboured colored bottle
A wax card liner is used for screw caps
(because iodine attacks other materials).
Sinceglycerin is hygroscopic solvent, it
must be stored in tightly close container.
A small quantity of Sodium Citrate or
acetate is added as preservative for longer
time
12. Apply with the help of soft brush or a
cotton swab.
Food and water before and after
application of throat paint, should be
avoided for 1 hour
13. For local application
Store in a cool place.
Shake the bottle before use.
Not to be swallowed in large
amount.
Date: 01.01.03
Advice to the patient:
Pharmacist should demonstrate the use of
throat brush to the patient.
14.
15. Definition of Mouthwash
A medicated liquid used for
cleaning the oral cavity and
treating mucous membranes of
the mouth. may contribute to
surface softening and increased
wear of dental resins and
composite materials.
16. Types of Mouthwash
Fluoride mouthwashes contain sodium
fluoride which helps to strengthen the
teeth as well as adding extra protection
against tooth decay.
cosmetic mouthwashes do not offer the
same protection as other types and are used
more as a means of disguising bad breath
(halitosis).
Antiseptic mouthwashes contain chlorhexidine
gluconate - a chemical which stops the growth of
bacteria and is suitable for people with a mouth
infection.
17. Natural mouthwashes are alcohol-free (and contain no
fluoride) and work in much the same way as conventional
mouthwashes.
They can also treat a mouth infection or injury.
Total care mouthwashes contain anti-bacterial ingredients
which help to reduce the build up of plaque and prevent gum
disease.
18. Advantages of Mouthwash:
can boost your oral health.
may prevent plaque from building up.
Rinses with fluoride can help prevent
cavities.
Fluoride protects against tooth decay
(cavities).
Mouthwash can help you target plaque.
Prevents dry mouth.
19. Disadvantages of
Mouthwash:
Some mouth rinses contain high levels of alcohol—
ranging from 18 to 26 percent. This may produce a
burning sensation in the cheeks, teeth, and gums.
21. To prepare mouthwash following
ingredients are added:
Flavoring - such as eucalyptol or
menthol
Preservative- sodium benzoate.
Vehicle - Water
Sweeteners - sodium saccharine
and sucralose.
Colorants
Antiseptic agent - fluoride
Detergent
23. Containers:
fluted
plastic screw caps
Colorless bottles are used unless
protection from light is necessary.
narrow mouthed
Storage:
Store at room temperature
Away from sunlight
Keep out of reach of children
25. Before using a mouth rinse,
brush and floss teeth.
Measure the proper amount of
rinse
Dilute it before use
Thirty seconds is the suggested
rinsing time.
Do not rinse, eat, or smoke for
thirty minutes after using a
mouthwash.
28. Gargles are aqueous and hydro
alcoholic solution which is used to
treat or prevent throat infection.
29. They are dispensed in concentrated form
with directions for dilution with warm
water.
They are brought into
intimate contact with
the mucous membrane
of the throat and allow to remain for
few moments
31. Store at room temperature
Keep out of the reach of children.
Storeaway from direct sunlight,
heat and moisture.
32. The label should include:
(1) the name of the pharmaceutical product;
(2) the name(s) of the active ingredients
(3) the amount of active ingredient in a suitable
dose-volume;
(4) the name and concentration of any
antimicrobial preservative and the name of any
other excipient;
(5) the batch (lot) number assigned by the
manufacturer;
(6) the expiry date and, when required, the date of
manufacture;
(7) any special storage conditions or handling
precautions that may be necessary;
(8) directions for use, warnings, and precautions
that may be necessary;
(9) the name and address of the manufacturer or
the person responsible for placing the product on
the market.
33. Warnings
Always read the label.
Use only as directed.
Avoid contact with the eyes.
NOT TO BE SWALLOWED
Usage
Dilute 1ml to 20ml with water gargle for 30 seconds,
repeat 3 to 4 hourly.
34. The containers should be
made of material that will not
adversely affect the quality of
the preparation
containers should be made
from material that is
sufficiently transparent to
permit the visual inspection
of the contents
preparation contains volatile
ingredients, it should be kept
in a tightly closed container
35. Small flip top bottles
Strong
damp-proof, water-proof
packing
