Pastes are semisolid dosage forms containing a high percentage (50% or more) of insoluble solids dispersed in a suitable base. They adhere well to the skin and are used to treat chronic lesions. Pastes are stiffer than creams and ointments, so they remain stable at the site of application and allow perspiration to escape while not interfering with uninfected skin. Pastes are classified based on their base as fatty, aqueous gel, or hydrocolloid pastes. They are prepared by trituration or fusion and contain ingredients like zinc oxide, coal tar, or aluminum oxide dispersed in a hydrophobic or water-miscible base. Evaluation parameters include mechanical strength tests and liquid phase migration studies.
Semisolid dosage forms: Definitions, classification, mechanisms and factors influencing dermal penetration of drugs. Preparation of ointments, pastes, creams and gels. Excipients used in semi solid dosage forms. Evaluation of semi solid dosages forms
Semisolid dosage forms: Definitions, classification, mechanisms and factors influencing dermal penetration of drugs. Preparation of ointments, pastes, creams and gels. Excipients used in semi solid dosage forms. Evaluation of semi solid dosages forms
Semisolid dosage forms are neither solid nor liquid, however, they are a combination or mixture of both, and they used for both local and systemic effects. Pharmaceutical semisolid dosage forms such as creams, ointments, gels, suppositories, and paste are used for topical application. Semisolid dosage forms are intended used as drug carriers that are transported topically through the skin, buckle tissue, rectal tissue, outer ear lining nasal mucosa, urethral membrane, vagina, and cornea. The semisolid may adhere adequately before washing on the surface of the application; this helps to extend the supply of drugs on the application site.
Semisolid dosage forms are neither solid nor liquid, however, they are a combination or mixture of both, and they used for both local and systemic effects. Pharmaceutical semisolid dosage forms such as creams, ointments, gels, suppositories, and paste are used for topical application. Semisolid dosage forms are intended used as drug carriers that are transported topically through the skin, buckle tissue, rectal tissue, outer ear lining nasal mucosa, urethral membrane, vagina, and cornea. The semisolid may adhere adequately before washing on the surface of the application; this helps to extend the supply of drugs on the application site.
Pharmaceutical liquid dosage forms - Classification, Types are described- Syrup, elixirs, liniments, lotions, gargles, mouthwash and throat paints. These dosage forms are describes with its preparation method.
This ppt goes out to all the pharmacy students and lecturers. Check my other ppt slides too and do not forget to like and share! :) Thank you for the visit :D
In the changing scenario of pharmacy practice in India, for successful practice of
Hospital Pharmacy, the students are required to learn various skills like drug distribution,
drug dispensing, manufacturing of parenteral preparations, drug information, patient
counselling, and therapeutic drug monitoring for improved patient care
DIFINITION
Pastes are ointment like semisolid dosage
forms
insoluble solids as much as 50% by weight
type
Advantages
Easily washable
with water
Form a
protective
coating
Contains more
concentration
:
disadvantaged
Spreading
is low
Stored in
a close
container
Very stiff.
Uses
Protect the skin
Emollient effect
retention of
moisture vehicle
Cleansing effect
Classification (O/W)vanishing cream More comfortable Cosmetically acceptable Less greasy and easier to wash W/O Cold cream More difficult to handle Many drugs which are incorporated into creams are hydrophobic Can by moisturizing Definition Creams are semisolid
preparations Indicted for application to the skin and mucus membrane such as those of the rectum or vagina Semisolid emulsion which are
mixture of (O/W) and (W/O) creams
Definition Creams are semisolid
preparations Indicted for application to the skin and mucus membrane such as those of the rectum or vagina Semisolid emulsion which are
mixture of (O/W) and (W/O) creams Aqueous Gel Pastes Toothpaste
INTRODUCTION, CLASSIFICATION, FORMULATION, PREPARATION METHOD, BENEFITS AND DISADVANTAGES, STORAGE
The physical chemist defines the word “suspension” as a two-phase system consisting of an undissolved or immiscible material dispersed in a vehicle (solid, liquid, or gas).
Suspension are generally taken orally or by parenteral route, and the suspensions meant for external use should have small particle size to avoid gritty feeling to the skin
The suspensions have dispersed particles above the colloidal size, which is 0.5–5 microns.
Based On Pharmaceutical Use
Oral suspension
Externally applied suspension
Parenteral suspension
Ophthalmic Suspension
Based On the proportion of solid particles
Dilute suspension (2 to10 10 percent; w/v solid)
Concentrated suspension (50 percent; w/v solid)
Based On Electrokinetic Nature Of Solid Particles
Flocculated suspension
Deflocculated suspension
Based On Size Of Solid Particles
Colloidal suspension (< 1 micron)
Coarse suspension (>1 micron)
Nano suspension (10 ng)
Oral Suspension
Topical Suspension
Parenteral Suspension
Ophthalmic Suspension
Suspending and thickening agents
Wetting Agents
Dispersing agent
Flocculating Agent
Preservative
Organoleptic Additives
Suspensions containing diffusible solids
Suspensions containing insoluble solids
Suspensions of precipitate-forming liquids
Suspensions produced by chemical reactions
Studies on textile printing on cotton fabric with Various ThickenerVijay Prakash
Printing is a process for reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest examples include Cylinder seals and other objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of woodblock printing came from China dating to before 220 A.D. Later developments in printing include the movable type, first developed by Bi Sheng in China. The printing press, a more efficient printing process for western languages with their more limited alphabets, was developed by Johannes Gutenberg in the fifteenth century.
Modern printing is done typically with ink on paper using a printing press. It is also frequently done on metals, plastics, cloth and composite materials. On paper it is often carried out as a large-scale industrial process and is an essential part of publishing and transaction printing.
Printing spread early to Korea and Japan, which also used Chinese logograms, but the technique was also used in Turpan and Vietnam using a number of other scripts. This technique then spread to Persia and Russia. This technique was transmitted to Europe from China, via the Islamic world, and by around 1400 was being used on paper for old master prints and playing cards. However, Arabs never used this to print the Quran because of the limit of Islam doctrine.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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Pastes
1.
2. PASTES
Pastes are usually prepared by incorporating solids directly into a
congealed system by levigation with a proportion of base to form paste
like mass.
Contains high percentage of insoluble solid (usually 50% or more) which
are finely dispersed into a suitable vehicle.
Pastes adhere well to skin and are benefit in treatment of chronic
lesions.
3. Characteristics of Pastes
Pastes are stiffer than other semisolid dosage forms such as ointments and
creams hence they remain stable at site of application.
Because of high powder contents pastes are porous; hence, perspiration can
escape.
They do not interfere with the non-infected areas of the skin.
These are considerably less greasy when compared to ointments.
They are mostly applied over moist lesions as they possess good adhesive
property towards the skin.
Most of the pastes are unsuitable for treating scalp conditions because they
are difficult to remove from the hair.
4. Types of pastes
Based on the type of base used in formulation, pastes are classified as follows:
Fatty Pastes
• These formulation consist of fatty or oleaginous bases.
Eg: Zinc oxide paste.
Aqueous Gel Pastes
• These are prepared with water miscible bases.
Eg: Sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose paste, Titanium dioxide paste.
Hydrocolloid Pastes
• These preparations consists of hydrocarbon bases.
Eg: Tooth paste, Zinc oxide gelatin paste.
Medicated Paste Non medicated paste
5. Formulation
Various types are bases used in preparation of pastes:
⇰ Hydrocarbon Bases
Soft paraffin and liquid paraffin are commonly used bases.
Name of the
preparation
Active ingredients Base Use
Compound Zinc
Paste B.P.
Zinc oxide Soft paraffin Eczema, Psoriasis.
Compound Zinc &
Salicylic acid Paste
B.P.
Zinc oxide &
Salicylic acid
Soft paraffin Eczema, Psoriasis.
Coal tar paste Coal tar Soft paraffin Eczema
Dithranol paste
compound
Dithranol Soft paraffin Ring worm
Aluminium paste
B.P.C.
Aluminium oxide Liquid paraffin Protectant
6. ⇰ Water miscible Base
Water miscible bases includes emulsifying ointments and
emulsifying wax used for the preparation of pastes.
Name of the preparation Base Use
Resorcinol & sulfur Paste
B.P.C.
Emulsifying ointment Treatment of Dandruff
Zinc & Coal tar Paste Emulsifying wax Eczema
Magnesium sulfate paste
B.P.C.
Magnesium sulfate-45%
Phenol in glycerol
Used to treat boils
7. ⇰ Water soluble Base
Water soluble bases are prepared from mixture of high and low
molecular weight polyethylene glycols.
Name of the preparation Base Use
Water soluble dental
pastes
Neomycin sulfate Sterilizing infected root
canal
Triamcinolone Dental paste
B.P.C.
Triamcinolone acetonide in
an adhesive paste(sodium
carboxy methyl cellulose,
pectin + gelatin)
Anti inflammatory
10. Methods of preparation
Pastes are prepared by trituration and fusion methods.
Trituration method is used when the base is liquid or semisolid.
Fusion method is used when the base is semisolid/solid in nature.
⇰ Trituration method
Compound Zinc Paste is prepared by both fusion and trituration method.
Procedure:
Zinc oxide and starch powder are passed through sieve No. 180.
Soft paraffin is melted on a water bath.
Required amount of powder is taken in a mortar, triturated with little melted base
until smooth and gradually rest of the base is added.
11. ⇰ Fusion method
Zinc and coal tar Paste B.P.C. is prepared by fusion method.
Method 1
The components are melted in decreasing order of their melting point i.e., higher M.P.
the substance should be melted first.
The medicament is added slowly in the melted ingredients and stirred thoroughly until
the mass cools down.
Method 2
All the components are taken in subdivided state and melted together.
15. Tooth paste
Mechanical strength
Calcium hydroxide based on dental cement
Compressive strength is calculated in Mpa as below
C=
4𝑃
Π𝑑²
P - maximum load applied in Newton
d - diameter of specimen in mm
