In this presentation viewers will able to learn about liquids for external use such as liniments and lotions, liquids for oral cavity such as mouthwash, throat paints and gargles.

1. MONOPHASIC LIQUID DOSAGE FORM
Part-4
Mrs. Sandhya R. Lanke (M . Pharm.)
SJVPM’S Rasiklal. M. Dhariwal
College of Pharmacy,
Chinchwad, Pune

2. Learning Outcomes
After watching this presentation, you will be able to;
1. Define Mouthwash, Gargles
2. Compare Liniments and Lotions
3. Discuss Ear Drops, Nasal Drops

3. Liquids To Be Used In Oral
Cavity
Gargles Mouthwash Throat Paint

4. Gargles
 Gargles are clear aqueous solutions used to prevent or
treat throat infections.
 They are brought into intimate contact with the mucous
membrane of the throat and are allowed to remain in
contact with it for few seconds, before they are thrown
out of the mouth.

5. Gargles
• Gargles may contain antiseptics, analgesics or weak
astringents. The liquid is usually not intended for
swallowing.
• Reason: Gargles are dispensed in concentrated form.
 The quantity of solution require for doing one time gargle
is around 20 ml.
 Therefore if it is dispensed in dilute form it requires the
large quantity which is practically impossible to dispense.
 Therefore they are dispensed in concentrated form.

6. • Potassium chlorate & Phenol Gargle B.P.C.
Rx
Potassium chlorate .........30 g
Patent Blue V .................0.009 g
liquefied phenol .............15 ml
Water up to ....................1000 ml
Gargles

7. • Containers: White fluted glass bottle with plastic screw
cap. Coloured bottle used for preparation which need
protection
• Storage: Store at room temperature, Keep out of the
reach of children. Store away from direct sunlight , heat
and moisture.
• Labelling : “Use only as directed”.
“For external use only”
“Diluted with warm water before use”.
“Not To Be Swallowed”.
Gargles

8. Mouthwash
 Mouth wash are aqueous solutions with a pleasant taste
and odour used to clean and deodorize the buccal cavity.
 They contains;
• Antibacterial agent,
• Flavouring agents,
• Sweetening agent and
• Colouring agent

9. • Compound sodium chloride mouthwash B.P.C.
Rx
Sodium Bicarbonate..........10g
Sodium Chloride……........15g
Chloroform………..............500ml
Peppermint oil………............25ml
Water…….qty to prepare 1000ml
• Method:
1. Dissolve Sodium bicarbonate with Sodium Chloride in 10 ml
2. Add chloroform & peppermint oil
3. Makeup the volume & Dispense the solution.
Mouthwash

10. Mouthwash and Gargles
Mouthwash
• Mouthwashes are aqueous
solutions with a pleasant taste
and smell for refreshing
effect.
• used to make clean and
deodorise the buccal cavity.
• These are used to rinse buccal
cavity
• More used for cosmetic
purpose
• Ex. Compound Sodium
Chloride Mouthwash
Gargles
• Gargles are aqueous
solutions used to prevent
or treat throat infections.
• Used to relieve soreness in
mild throat infections.
• These are gargled to bring
in intimate contact with
mucus membrane of throat
• used for medicated
purpose.
• Ex. Potassium Chlorate
Gargle

11. Throat Paints
 Throat paints are viscous liquid preparations used for
mouth and throat infections.
 Commonly used throat paints are boroglycerin, phenol
glycerin, tannic acid glycerin, compound iodine paint.
• Reason: Glycerine is used as base in throat paint.
 Glycerin is viscous in nature and adheres to the throat
 Increases contact time and prolong the action
 It is also act as soothing agent.

12. • Ex. Iodine paint compound( Mandl’s paint ) B.P.C.
Rx
Potassium iodide …………………25.0 g
Iodine ………………….................12.5 g
Alcohol 90% …………………........40.0 ml
Water ….……………...................25.0 ml
Peppermint oil ……….……….....4.0 ml
Glycerine to produce ……..……1000 ml
Throat Paints

13. • Method of Preparation:
(i) Potassium iodide is dissolved in water.
(ii) Iodine is added in the concentrated potassium iodide solutions
to form KI3(or higher iodides).
(iii) Peppermint oil is dissolved in alcohol 90%v/v and the alcoholic
solution is added to the iodine solution.
(iv) Volume is made up with glycerin.
(v) Transfer the preparation into a well closed container, label and
dispense
Throat Paints

14. • Containers: It should be dispensed in airtight, coloured
fluted bottle .Glass stoppers are generally used in such
bottles.
• Labelling: "For External use only"
“Shake the bottle before use”
“Not to be swallowed in large amount”
Throat Paints

15. • Storage:
It should be stored in airtight containers in cool place.
• Directions:
1. Apply with the help of soft brush or a cotton swab.
2. Food and water before and after application of throat
paint, should be avoided for 1 hour
Throat Paints

16. LIQUIDS TO BE INSTILLED INTO BODY CAVITIES
Ear Drop Nasal Drop Douche

17. Ear Drop
 Ear drops are solutions of one or more active ingredient
which exert a local effect in the ear, that are instilled into
the ear with dropper.
 They may also be referred to as otic or aural preparations.
• Uses:
Treatinfection Tosoftenearwax
Producelocalanaesthesia Reduceearpain
Killinsectlodgedinauditorycanal

18. • Formulation of Ear drop:
 The main solvent used in ear drop includes glycerine
propylene glycol and water.
 The viscous glycerine solution permits the drug to remain in
ear for longer time.
 The viscous liquids such as glycerine or propylene glycol are
used either alone or in combination with surfactant to aid
in the removal of ear wax.
Ear Drop

19. • Ex. Soda glycerine ear drop:
Rx
Sodium carbonate.........5.0gms
Glycerine…………………….. 30.0ml
Purified water q.s ………..100.0ml
• Container:
Ear drop should be packed in colour, fluted glass bottle and
supplied with dropper.
• Labelling: “For external use only” “Not for injection”
“Discontinue the use if irritation persist”
Ear Drop

20.  These are aqueous solutions that are instilled into the
nose with dropper to relieve congestion ,inflammation &
to combat infection.
 Isotonic saline nasal sprays are commonly used in infants
and children to wash out the thick mucus from the nose in
case of allergic rhinitis.
Nasal Drop

21. • Formulation of nasal drops:
 Isotonicity contributor: 0.9% sodium chloride.
 Buffer: It should have neutral pH, phosphate buffer, etc
 Viscosity Builder/Thickening agents: use of 0.5% methyl
cellulose
 Vehicle: Use phosphate buffer of pH 6.5 as vehicle.
Nasal Drop

22. • Reason: Nasal drops made isotonic?
If nasal drops are isotonic it will prevent irritation to
epithelial cilia of nasal mucosa.
• Oily vehicles are not used in the preparation of nasal drop.
Because oily drop inhibits the movement of cilia in the
nasal mucosa and if used for longer periods, may reach to
lung and cause lipoid pneumonia.
Nasal Drop

23. • Ephedrine Nasal Drop B.P.C.
Rx
Ephedrine…………. 0.5 g
Chlorobutal………… 0.5 g
Sodium Chloride…. 0.5 g
Water up to …………1000 ml
Prepare nasal drop, send 30 ml
Direction: Place 2-3 drop in each nostril as directed.
Nasal Drop

24. • Container:
Nasal drop should be packed in colour, fluted glass bottle and
supplied with dropper.
• Labelling:
“For external use only”
• Storage:
These are supplied in well closed glass container in cool place.
Nasal Drop

25.  Douches are medicated solutions for rinsing body cavity
mostly for bladder, vagina, rectum, nasal cavity.
Ex. Potassium permanganate douche solution, Isotonic sodium
chloride solution etc.
 Douches are available as;
• Eye douche
• Nasal douche
• Pharyngeal douche
• Vaginal Douche
Douche

26. Douche
Eye Douche Nasal Douche Vaginal Douche

27. • Uses of Douches:
Cleaning agent’s :
Ex.. Isotonic sodium chloride solution.
Antiseptics:
Ex. Lactic acid (0.5 to2%), potassium permanganate (0.025%),
Chlorohexidine ( 0.002%)
Astringent:
Ex. Alum(1%),
Douche

28. Liquids to be applied on skin
Liniments Lotions

29.  These are alcoholic or oleaginous solution or emulsion of
various medicinal substances intended for external
application to the skin, with friction and rubbing.
• Types of liniments
1. Alcoholic Liniments Used for its rubefacient property.
Ex. Chloroform liniment
2. Oily Liniments Useful when massage is required
Ex. Camphor Liniment BP
3. Emulsion Liniment: Ex. Camphor & Soap Liniment BP
Liniments

30. • Container:
Liniments are dispensed in colored fluted bottles.
• Labeling:
“ For external Use only”
“Apply with Friction”
“ Do not apply on broken Skin”
Liniments

31.  Lotions are liquid or semi liquid preparations applied to the
skin or mucus membrane for their cooling, moisturizing
effect.
 Lotions are directly applied to the skin or applied with the
help suitable absorbent material like cotton wool
Formulation Additives:
• Antiseptics(zinc oxide, sulphur)
• Astringents( calamine , zinc oxide)
• Anaesthetics (Benzocain )
• Alcohol (Provides the cooling sensation)
• Glycerin (acts as humectant )
Lotions

32. • Calamine Lotion I.P
Rx
Calamine…………….15 g
Zinc oxide ………...5 g
Bentonite …………..3 g
Sodium citrate ……0.5 g
Liquid phenol …….1.5 ml
Glycerin ……………..5 ml
rose water…………. 100 ml
Water …………………q.s.
Lotions

33. • Method Of Preparation:
1. Prepare the sodium citrate solution by dissolving sodium
citrate in one-fourth of total volume of purified water.
2. Triturate the calamine, zinc oxide and Bentonite with
sodium citrate solution, until a smooth cream is obtained.
3. Dilute the cream with the water, to make it pourable
transfer this mixture to a measure
4. Add liquid phenol and glycerin, mix well and adjust the
final volume with the purified water.
Lotions

34. • Container:
• Lotions are dispense in a well closed, narrow mouthed,
amber coloured, fluted plastic bottle, closed with
coloured plastic screw cap .
• The containers which are used for dispensing lotions must
have adequate air space above the lotion .
• Labeling: “ For external Use only”
“Apply without Friction or rubbing”
“ Shake well before use”
Liniments

35. Difference Between Liniments &Lotions