This document discusses various bone and joint disorders, including fractures, arthritis, and spinal abnormalities. It describes different types of fractures such as closed/simple, open/compound, greenstick, and comminuted fractures. The treatment for fractures includes casting, splinting, traction, and sometimes surgery. Arthritis is defined as joint inflammation, with rheumatoid arthritis being an autoimmune disease. Abnormal spinal curvatures like kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis are also discussed. The role of osteoporosis in bone mineral loss and increased fracture risk is covered. Diagnostic tools like arthroscopy and treatments including casting and traction are summarized.

1. Disorder of the Bones and Joints…

2. Trauma
Fracture- any break in
bone
 Closed or simple
fracture – bone
broken, broken ends
do not break the
skin
 Treatment – closed
reduction, cast or
splint applied.

3. Fracture cont.
 Open or compound
fracture- broken bones
pierce the skin and can
lead to infection.
 Open reduction –
surgical intervention
with devices such as
wires, metal plates, or
screws to hold the
bones in alignment.

4. Fracture cont…
 Greenstick – in
children, bone bent
and splintered but
never completely
separates.

5. Fracture cont…
 Comminuted –
splintered or broken
into many pieces.
 Treatment- cast,
possible surgery
depending how bad
the break is.

6.  Dislocation – bone
displaced from proper
position in joint.
 Sprain- sudden or
unusual motion,
ligaments torn but joint
not dislocated.
 Treatment – traction
pulling force used to
hold the bones in place
used for fractures of
long bones.

7. Arthritis- inflammation of one or more
joints…
 Rheumatoid Arthritis chronic,
autoimmune disease-joints
become swollen and painful,
joint deformities common.

8. Abnormal Curvature of the spine
Kyphosis-
hunchback
Lordosis-
swayback
Scoliosis-
Lateral
curvature

9.  Osteoporosis – 80% of
those affected are
women. Mineral density
of bone is reduced 35%
- 65%. The loss of bone
mass leaves the bone
thinner, porous and
more prone to fracture (
on x-ray looks like swiss
cheese) prevented by
dietary calcium.

10. Diagnosis and Treatment
 Arthroscopy
examination into
joint using
arthroscope with
fiber optic lens, most
knee injuries are
treated with
arthroscopy.

11. Traction is the..
Pulling force used to
hold the bones in
place, used for
fractures of long
bones.

12. You are the surgeon….
 http://www.edheads.org/activities/knee/i
ndex.htm

13. Test your gray matter…
Amanda ages her bones
will become more porous,
lose calcium and
phosphorus and be more
likely to fracture. This
condition is called:
During a fall from a tree,
Ted fractured his tibia, and
the bone broke through
the skin. This type of
fracture is known as a?
Suzi injured her ankle
while skating. Her x-ray
shows no signs of bone
abnormality but her doctor
feels she had damaged
ligaments. Suzi’s
diagnosis is a:
Tina fell out of a tree and
broke her clavicle. This
bone injury is called a:
Poor posture can cause
the lumbar spine to
become “swaybacked.”
The medical term for this
condition is:
Mrs. Locklear suffers from
painful inflammation of her
joints. This condition is
known as:
During routine school
checkup, it is noted that
Susan’s spine is curved
from side to side. This is
called:
Abnormal curvature of the
thoracic spine causes a
“hunchback” appearance.
This disorder is known as:
The main reason for
applying a cast around a
fracture is to:
osteoporosis Compound fracture
sprain
fracture Lordosis Arthritis
Scoliosis Kyphosis Immobilize the bone

14. Website for Review
 http://www.sampson.k12.nc.us/Countyp
age/Technology/Hhit/CST4/index.htm
 http://www.bio.psu.edu/people/faculty/st
rauss/anatomy/skel/skeletal.htm
 http://www.edheads.org/activities/knee/i
ndex.htm