anatomy of stomach,functions of stomach, location, shape position and parts of stomach,orifices of stomach, curvature of stomach, relations of stomach, blood supply, innervation, lymphatic drainage, clinical relation , GERD, peptic ulcer,
respiratory system, respiratory mechanism and volumes.pptxGarimaMittal46
respiratory system, respiratory mechanism and volumes and capacities, Human Respiratory system, gaseous exchange, pulmonary system,
submitted by Garima Mittal
Blood vessels: Arteries, Veins and CapillariesAmir Rifaat
It is one of the circulatory systems. This explains the roles of arteries, veins and capillaries. It also differentiate between the arteries, veins and capillaries. This slide also explained the pulmonary circuit and systemic curcuit. This is an interesting notes and easy to be understand.
In humans, the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy of the respiratory system involved with the process of respiration. Air is breathed in through the nose or the mouth. In the nasal cavity, a layer of mucous membrane acts as a filter and traps pollutants and other harmful substances found in the air.
The mucose membrane lining of gastrointestinal tract is stratified squamous epithelium at the esophagus which slowly convert into simple columnar epithelium at the stomach until the anus it converts back into the stratified squamous epithelium at the lower half of the anal canal. The stratified epithelium is a wear and tear epithelium.
As it passes down from the small to large intestine, goblet cells increase because as it passes down water was absorb, goblet cells function to produce mucous.
This is just a rough idea, for better slides with more reference please PM the author at davidgqf@gmail.com.
anatomy of stomach,functions of stomach, location, shape position and parts of stomach,orifices of stomach, curvature of stomach, relations of stomach, blood supply, innervation, lymphatic drainage, clinical relation , GERD, peptic ulcer,
respiratory system, respiratory mechanism and volumes.pptxGarimaMittal46
respiratory system, respiratory mechanism and volumes and capacities, Human Respiratory system, gaseous exchange, pulmonary system,
submitted by Garima Mittal
Blood vessels: Arteries, Veins and CapillariesAmir Rifaat
It is one of the circulatory systems. This explains the roles of arteries, veins and capillaries. It also differentiate between the arteries, veins and capillaries. This slide also explained the pulmonary circuit and systemic curcuit. This is an interesting notes and easy to be understand.
In humans, the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy of the respiratory system involved with the process of respiration. Air is breathed in through the nose or the mouth. In the nasal cavity, a layer of mucous membrane acts as a filter and traps pollutants and other harmful substances found in the air.
The mucose membrane lining of gastrointestinal tract is stratified squamous epithelium at the esophagus which slowly convert into simple columnar epithelium at the stomach until the anus it converts back into the stratified squamous epithelium at the lower half of the anal canal. The stratified epithelium is a wear and tear epithelium.
As it passes down from the small to large intestine, goblet cells increase because as it passes down water was absorb, goblet cells function to produce mucous.
This is just a rough idea, for better slides with more reference please PM the author at davidgqf@gmail.com.
An important system of our body is known as digestive system which has its own role to play. This step of digestion serves as as a next route to the steps of absorption of nutrients by the small intestine and its respective transportation to the cells and tissues. This slide focuses on the different organs of digestion and their functions .
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. Digestive System
Objectives:
Discuss the general functions and anatomy
of the digestive tract
Describe the individual organs of the
system, including a discussion of the gross
and microscopic anatomy.
3. Function
Individual parts
function in:
ingestion
The function of the system as a
whole is processing food in such a
way that high energy molecules can
be absorbed and residues
mechanical digestion
eliminated.
chemical and enzymatic digestion
secretion
absorption
compaction
excretion and elimination
5. The 4 Layers of the Gut
1) Mucosa
Epithelial cells – protection, absorption
2) Submucosa – made up of loose connective tissue
contains submucosal plexus and blood vessels
3) Muscularis externa – smooth muscle, usually two layers -
outer layer: longitudinal
inner layer: circular
4) Serosa
outer layer, functions in protection
6. Ingestion
Ingestion is the first
step in the process
of digestion.
Ingestion means
that food is taken
into the mouth,
chewed, and
swallowed.
7. Oral Cavity
Also called the mouth, the oral
cavity is the place where
ingestion happens.
Hard and soft palates - form
roof of mouth
Tongue - skeletal muscle
Salivary glands - three pairs
Teeth
8. Oral Cavity
Digestion starts here by two
means:
Mechanical – teeth tear,
shred, and grind food.
Chemical – enzymes in
saliva break down food
molecules such as
proteins and complex
sugars.
9. Structure of Teeth
Crown - exposed surface of tooth
Neck - boundary between root and crown
Enamel - outer surface
Dentin – bone-like, but noncellular
Pulp cavity - hollow with blood vessels and
nerves
Root canal - canal length of root
10. Types and Numbers of Teeth
Dental succession:
Deciduous (baby, primary) teeth - 20, replaced by
Permanent teeth - 32 teeth
11. Types and Numbers of Teeth
All teeth are formed
before milk teeth or
primary teeth are lost.
It is the action of adult
teeth moving into
place that causes
primary teeth to fall
out.
12. Three pairs of Salivary Glands
Salivary glands help with:
• digestion
• lubrication (swallowing)
• moistening (tasting)
They secrete enzyme-filled
saliva to help break down
food
13. Ingestion
The tongue is a
muscle that pushes
your food toward
teeth to be
mechanically
processed and
shapes your food into
small rounded pieces
to be swallowed.
14. Swallowing
As you swallow, your
tongue pushes the food to
the back of the mouth.
Since both air and food go
through the pharynx, a flap
of tissue called the
epiglottis covers the larynx
to prevent food from
travelling into the lungs
15. Lesser curvature
Greater curvature
Cardia - end under the heart
Fundus - bulge above the esophageal opening
Body - largest region
Pylorus - J curve, inferior end, terminates in
Cardiac and Pyloric sphincters (importance?)
Rugae – highly extendable interior folds
Figs 25-10/11
Gross Anatomy of the Stomach
16. Histology of Stomach
Type of epithelium lining stomach?
Fig 25.13
Gastric pits – shallow pits, external half rapidly reproduces
for replacement
Gastric glands – deep in lamina propria, 3 types of cells
1. Parietal cells (produce HCl and intrinsic factor)
2. Chief cells (produce pepsinogen)
3. Enteroendocrine cells – G cells (several hormones
including gastrin which stimulates both parietal and chief cells)
17. Regions of Small Intestine
SI is longest part of dig. tube
Duodenum (short, 12 inches)
– fixed shape & position
Jejunum (2.5 m long)
– Most of digestion
Ileum (longest at 3.5 m)
– Most of absorption, ends in
Ileocecal valve – slit valve into large intestine (colon)
18. Structure of Small Intestinal Wall Fig 25.15
Plicae circulares – circular pleats around the interior of the
small intestine. Slows movement of food, increases surface
area of intestine.
Villi – minute finger-like projections, contain capillaries &
lacteals. Further increase surface area.
Microvilli – sub-microscopic size, projections on single cells.
Aid in absorption of nutrients.
Intestinal glands (crypts)
- intestinal juice production
- Cell regeneration
21. Regions of Large Intestine
Cecum – pocket at proximal end with
Appendix
Colon
Ascending colon - on right, between
cecum and right colic flexure
Transverse colon - horizontal portion
Descending colon - left side,
between left colic flexure and
Sigmoid colon - S bend near
terminal end
Fig 25-17
Rectum – terminal end is anal canal - ending at the anus -
which has internal involuntary sphincter and external voluntary
sphincter
23. Histology of Large Intestine
1. Mucosa - abundant goblet
cells (produce mucous),
stratified squamous epithelium
near anal canal
2. No villi
3. Longitudinal muscle layer
incomplete, forms three bands
or taenia coli
4. Circular muscle - forms
pockets or haustra between
bands
Editor's Notes
Enamel: Calcium phosphates. Hardest biological material produced.