Ageing is a syndrome consisting of good number of diseases.
If one makes an attempt ageing male who is suffering from different diseases can be investigated, the deficiency can be found out and accordingly the deficiency may be replaced so as to help the ageing male. There is no authentication in this regard however this is hypotheticated as a concept
Evaluating different techniques for pneumoperitonium in comparison to Needle Scope, reaching a risk score for laparoscopy. Reaching best technique for pneumoperitonium for each individual patient..
Brief explanation of dybiosis and leaky gut syndrome. Herbal and dietary recommendations using Inno-Vita formulas. This information is for education purposes only. Herbal programs should be monitored by a qualified health professional.
Ageing is a syndrome consisting of good number of diseases.
If one makes an attempt ageing male who is suffering from different diseases can be investigated, the deficiency can be found out and accordingly the deficiency may be replaced so as to help the ageing male. There is no authentication in this regard however this is hypotheticated as a concept
Evaluating different techniques for pneumoperitonium in comparison to Needle Scope, reaching a risk score for laparoscopy. Reaching best technique for pneumoperitonium for each individual patient..
Brief explanation of dybiosis and leaky gut syndrome. Herbal and dietary recommendations using Inno-Vita formulas. This information is for education purposes only. Herbal programs should be monitored by a qualified health professional.
the anatomy as a basic science, the importance to know its definition and related terminology to be familiar with others of the medical team. including body position, anatomical planes terms of direction and movements
the field of anatomy includes studding the body systems, the related cavities of certain systems
the skeletal system ; its classification according to structure and shape
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the f bone
DNA stands for deoxyribose nucleic acid and is present in the nucleus of all cells in living organisms. It controls the chemical changes and development of cells, determining the type of cell (muscle, blood, etc.) and organism (plant, animal, etc.) produced. DNA is a long molecule composed of nucleotides, which each consist of a deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and organic base. The bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine combine in specific pairing between strands to form the double helix structure of DNA.
This document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the human ear. It describes the three main parts of the ear - the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them through the ear canal to the eardrum. The middle ear contains three small bones that transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The inner ear, which contains the cochlea, converts these vibrations into electrical signals that are sent to the brain via the auditory nerve. The document outlines various causes of hearing loss in each part of the ear, such as ear infections, wax buildup, trauma, and certain medical conditions.
Mitosis and meiosis are cell division processes. Mitosis produces two daughter cells identical to the parent cell and is involved in growth and repair. Meiosis produces gametes for sexual reproduction and results in four cells each with half the number of chromosomes, increasing genetic diversity. The stages of cell division are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
The document describes the anatomy and functioning of the human eye. It explains that light enters the eye through the cornea and passes through the pupil and lens. The lens focuses the light on the retina, where it is converted into nerve signals sent to the brain via the optic nerve. The retina contains light-sensitive rods and cones that detect light and color. The eye contains various fluids and muscles that help it focus and move. The brain processes the inverted retinal image right-side up.
This document discusses how various drugs work by altering neurotransmitters in the brain. It explains that drugs can increase or decrease neurotransmitter production, transport, storage, release, or receptor binding. It then provides details on specific drugs like caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, cannabis, meth/cocaine, heroin, LSD/peyote/mushrooms, and MDMA, describing which neurotransmitters they affect and how this leads to their psychoactive effects as well as risks of addiction and withdrawal.
The document discusses how neurons communicate through neurotransmitters. Neurons send electrical signals down axons which trigger the release of chemical neurotransmitters at synapses. Neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on other neurons to excite or inhibit signals. Some key neurotransmitters are acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine, and GABA. Imbalances in neurotransmitter levels can cause issues like depression, Parkinson's disease, and more. The document will discuss tomorrow how drugs influence neurotransmitter balances.
The document is a review of cell division and the phases of mitosis and the cell cycle. It contains questions and answers about the different phases:
1. It reviews the phases of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis) and the cell cycle (G1, S, G2, M, cytokinesis).
2. It tests knowledge of key terms and concepts like interphase, mitosis, the mitotic spindle, and differences between plant and animal cell division.
3. Short phrases and individual words are blanked out throughout requiring identification of terms like centromere, binary fission, and cleavage furrow.
This document provides an overview of the main structures and functions of the brain and nervous system. It discusses the four lobes of the brain and their functions, as well as the limbic system and its role in emotions. It also describes the basic anatomy and cell types of the brain and spinal cord, including neurons, glial cells, grey matter, and white matter. Key functions such as processing sensory information and memory are highlighted.
The document discusses the structure and function of the human brain. It begins with an overview of the evolution of the brain from the reptilian to paleomammalian to neomammalian structures. It then describes the major parts of the brain including the brainstem, cerebellum, limbic system, and cerebral cortex. Specific areas that control functions like memory, emotion, movement, and the five senses are identified. The document also discusses brain plasticity and lateralization between the left and right hemispheres.
The document discusses the human digestive system. It describes how food is ingested and passes through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. The stomach and organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas secrete juices and enzymes to break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed. The small intestine absorbs these nutrients while the large intestine absorbs water before waste is excreted. Some common digestive disorders like ulcers, heartburn, and irritable bowel syndrome are also outlined.
The digestive system consists of a hollow muscular tube (digestive tract) and accessory organs. It processes food through ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination. The four layers of the gut are the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa. Ingestion begins in the oral cavity through chewing by teeth and the addition of enzymes from saliva. Food is then swallowed through contraction of the tongue and epiglottis closing the larynx to prevent choking.
- In the 1600s, van Leeuwenhoek and Hooke used early microscopes to observe cells, the basic unit of life, for the first time in pond water and plant tissues.
- In the 1830s-1850s, scientists including Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow developed the cell theory, concluding that all organisms are composed of cells, the cell is the basic unit of structure and organization, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.
- The development of electron microscopes in the 1930s allowed observation of intracellular structures and organelles and revealed two basic cell types: prokaryotic cells without membrane-bound organelles and eukaryotic cells with membrane-bound
Atoms are the basic building blocks that make up all matter. Atoms contain a nucleus with positively charged protons and neutral neutrons surrounded by negatively charged electrons. Elements are made of only one type of atom, while compounds contain two or more elements bonded together. There are two main types of bonds between atoms - covalent bonds formed by shared electron pairs and ionic bonds formed between oppositely charged ions. Water is a polar molecule that is essential for life and has unique properties like being a universal solvent and having a high heat capacity. The four main types of biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, each with distinct structures that allow them to perform important functions in living things.
The document describes the major organelles found in eukaryotic cells and their functions. It explains that the nucleus contains the DNA which controls cellular activity and directs protein production. Other organelles described include the endoplasmic reticulum, which modifies proteins; mitochondria and chloroplasts, which generate energy for the cell; lysosomes, which digest waste; and the cytoskeleton, which maintains the cell's structure. Each organelle plays an important role in carrying out functions necessary for the cell.
The document discusses various methods of cellular transport. It describes diffusion as the passive movement of particles from high to low concentration. Facilitated diffusion uses channel and carrier proteins to move substances across the membrane. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the membrane until concentrations are equal on both sides. Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient using carrier proteins. Large particles are transported via endocytosis, where the cell surrounds external substances to bring them inside, or exocytosis to secrete materials like hormones out of the cell.
There are three main types of skin cancer: squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. Squamous cell carcinoma arises from epidermal keratinocytes and can spread if not removed, though prognosis is good with treatment. Basal cell carcinoma originates from stratum basale cells and is the most common but least malignant skin cancer, rarely spreading. Malignant melanoma, arising from melanocytes, is the most dangerous due to its ability to metastasize and resist chemotherapy. Prognosis and treatment depend on early detection and surgical excision.
This document summarizes several accessory organs of the skin including hair, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, nails, and their functions. It describes that hair grows from hair follicles and is distributed over the entire skin surface except for certain areas. Sebaceous glands secrete oil to soften skin while sweat glands help regulate body temperature. Nails are modifications of the epidermis that cover the ends of fingers and toes.
This document introduces human anatomy and physiology by defining anatomy as the study of body structure and physiology as the study of body function. It then discusses the characteristics of life, including homeostasis, organization, metabolism, growth, adaptation, response to stimuli, and reproduction. The document explains that all living things are made of cells that are organized into tissues, organs, organ systems, and whole organisms.