Nanoparticles are particles between 1 and 100 nanometres in size with a surrounding interfacial layer. The interfacial layer is an integral part of nanoscale matter, fundamentally affecting all of its properties. The interfacial layer typically consists of ions, inorganic and organic molecules.
Nanoparticles are particles between 1 and 100 nanometres in size with a surrounding interfacial layer. The interfacial layer is an integral part of nanoscale matter, fundamentally affecting all of its properties. The interfacial layer typically consists of ions, inorganic and organic molecules.
Introduction
Nanoparticle characterization techniques
Electron Microscope
Scanning electron microscope
Transmission electron Microscope
X-ray powder diffraction
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
A part of nanotechnology. Nanosensors is very hot topic for research. As nanosensor has immense applications in the fields like medical, analysis, research etc. Nanosensor recude the cost and also the time require for analysis.
know more about nanomaterials and its apllication in future as well as current situation, and what wil we reserch on basis of nanomaterials and carbon structure and its aplication in such futuriastic manner.
Nano Material
Introduction and Synthesis
Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 and 1000 nanometres (10−9 meter) but is usually 1—100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale[1]).
Nanomaterials research takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology, leveraging advances in materials metrology and synthesis which have been developed in support of microfabrication research. Materials with structure at the nanoscale often have unique optical, electronic, or mechanical properties.
Nanomaterials are slowly becoming commercialized[2] and beginning to emerge as commodities.[3]
Applications of gold nanoparticles in medicine and therapyAl Baha University
The stability and dispersity of AuNMs in solution play a key role for the many applications. Most inorganic nanomaterials are not well dispersed in physiological buffers and require function-alization by thiols or surfactants to offer the stabilization forces. Furthermore, sufficient blood circulation time is critical for both imaging and in vivo drug delivery. Localized surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR) is one of the most significant features of AuNMs. The AuNMs as reporters have been broadly applied into lateral flow immunechromatographicalassay (LFICA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which is a well-established technology for analysis of the target analytes in food safety, clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and medical science and so on. Au based nanomaterials (AuNMs) are known to possess many attractive features such as unique electrical, optical and catalytic properties as well as excellent biocompatibility. In this review, we summarize the current advancement on application of AuNMs in analytical sciences based on their local surface plasmon resonance, fluorescence and electrochemistry properties. AuNMs based imaging and therapy in biomolecules is explained. As one of the most reliable imaging modes, computed tomography (CT), X-ray and SERS imaging has been widely used owing to its high spatial and density resolution. We end the review by a discussion of the conjugation between gold nanoparticles with other kinds of nanoparticles such as other metals and carbon nano structures. Finally, future development in this research area is also prospected.
Introduction
Nanoparticle characterization techniques
Electron Microscope
Scanning electron microscope
Transmission electron Microscope
X-ray powder diffraction
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
A part of nanotechnology. Nanosensors is very hot topic for research. As nanosensor has immense applications in the fields like medical, analysis, research etc. Nanosensor recude the cost and also the time require for analysis.
know more about nanomaterials and its apllication in future as well as current situation, and what wil we reserch on basis of nanomaterials and carbon structure and its aplication in such futuriastic manner.
Nano Material
Introduction and Synthesis
Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 and 1000 nanometres (10−9 meter) but is usually 1—100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale[1]).
Nanomaterials research takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology, leveraging advances in materials metrology and synthesis which have been developed in support of microfabrication research. Materials with structure at the nanoscale often have unique optical, electronic, or mechanical properties.
Nanomaterials are slowly becoming commercialized[2] and beginning to emerge as commodities.[3]
Applications of gold nanoparticles in medicine and therapyAl Baha University
The stability and dispersity of AuNMs in solution play a key role for the many applications. Most inorganic nanomaterials are not well dispersed in physiological buffers and require function-alization by thiols or surfactants to offer the stabilization forces. Furthermore, sufficient blood circulation time is critical for both imaging and in vivo drug delivery. Localized surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR) is one of the most significant features of AuNMs. The AuNMs as reporters have been broadly applied into lateral flow immunechromatographicalassay (LFICA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which is a well-established technology for analysis of the target analytes in food safety, clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and medical science and so on. Au based nanomaterials (AuNMs) are known to possess many attractive features such as unique electrical, optical and catalytic properties as well as excellent biocompatibility. In this review, we summarize the current advancement on application of AuNMs in analytical sciences based on their local surface plasmon resonance, fluorescence and electrochemistry properties. AuNMs based imaging and therapy in biomolecules is explained. As one of the most reliable imaging modes, computed tomography (CT), X-ray and SERS imaging has been widely used owing to its high spatial and density resolution. We end the review by a discussion of the conjugation between gold nanoparticles with other kinds of nanoparticles such as other metals and carbon nano structures. Finally, future development in this research area is also prospected.
Laser Ablation Molecular Isotopic Spectrometry for rare isotopes of the light...Alexander Bolshakov
Laser ablation molecular isotopic spectrometry (LAMIS) involves measuring isotope-resolved molecular emission. Measurements of several key isotopes (hydrogen, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and chlorine) in laser ablation plumes were demonstrated. Requirements for spectral resolution of the optical detection system could be significantly relaxed when the isotopic ratio was determined using chemometric regression models. Multiple applications of LAMIS are anticipated in the nuclear power industry, medical diagnostics and therapies, forensics, carbon sequestration, and agronomy studies.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Nanomaterials for SERS Biomedical/Env...Necla YÜCEL
In this study, a simple green method was employed to synthesize functionalized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for detection of dopamine (DA). In this method, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was functionalized on silver nanoparticles to prepare the uniform and controlled size of nanoparticles (NPs). The optical and structural properties of functionalized nanoparticles were characterized. The Raman spectra of the prepared PEG-Ag SERS substrate clearly indicated an enhancement in the SERS signal of dopamine. The developed functionalized SERS substrate can be potentially used as a sensitive SERS substrate for detection of various neurotransmitters for biomedical application.
A protamine-conjugated gold decorated graphene oxide composite as an electroc...Arun kumar
In this study, an effective electrochemical sensor was developed for heparin detection using a protamineconjugated
graphene oxide/gold (GO/Au) composite. Protamine is an antidote that can act as an affinity ligand
for heparin. The GO was used as support for signal amplification, and Au nanoparticles (NPs) were employed
to immobilize the protamine. This Au NPs also increasing the electron transfer rate and enhancing the signal response
during protamine-heparin integration. The proposed affinity sensor had a simple fabrication process, a
low detection limit (0.9 nM), a wide linear range (1.9 × 10−7 M to 1.5 × 10−9 M), high stability, and high selectivity
in the detection of heparin.
Engineering of a Microscale Niche for Pancreatic Tumor Cells Using Bioactive ...Arun kumar
Two-photon polymerization has recently emerged as a promising technique to fabricate scaffolds for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture and tissue engineering. Here, we combined 3D-printed microscale scaffolds fabricated using two-photon polymerization with a bioactive layer-by-layer film coating. This bioactive coating consists of hyaluronic acid and poly(l-lysine) of controlled stiffness, loaded with fibronectin and bone morphogenic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP2 and BMP4) as matrix-bound proteins. Planar films were prepared using a liquid handling robot directly in 96-well plates to perform high-content studies of cellular processes, especially cell adhesion, proliferation, and BMP-induced signaling. The behaviors of two human pancreatic cell lines PANC1 (immortalized) and PAN092 (patient-derived cell line) were systematically compared and revealed important context-specific cell responses, notably in response to film stiffness and matrix-bound BMPs (bBMPs). Fibronectin significantly increased cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation for both cell types on soft and stiff films; BMP2 increased cell adhesion and inhibited proliferation of PANC1 cells and PAN092 on soft films. BMP4 enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation of PANC1 and showed a bipolar effect on PAN092. Importantly, PANC1 exhibited a strong dose-dependent BMP response, notably for bBMP2, while PAN092 was insensitive to BMPs. Finally, we proved that it is possible to combine a microscale 3D Ormocomp scaffold fabricated using the two-photon polymerization technique with the bioactive film coating to form a microscale tumor tissue and mimic the early stages of metastatic cancer.
wo-photon polymerization has recently emerged as a promising technique to fabricate scaffolds for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture and tissue engineering. Here, we combined 3D-printed microscale scaffolds fabricated using two-photon polymerization with a bioactive layer-by-layer film coating. This bioactive coating consists of hyaluronic acid and poly(l-lysine) of controlled stiffness, loaded with fibronectin and bone morphogenic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP2 and BMP4) as matrix-bound proteins. Planar films were prepared using a liquid handling robot directly in 96-well plates to perform high-content studies of cellular processes, especially cell adhesion, proliferation, and BMP-induced signaling. The behaviors of two human pancreatic cell lines PANC1 (immortalized) and PAN092 (patient-derived cell line) were systematically compared and revealed important context-specific cell responses, notably in response to film stiffness and matrix-bound BMPs (bBMPs). Fibronectin significantly increased cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation for both cell types on soft and stiff films; BMP2 increased cell adhesion and inhibited proliferation of PANC1 cells and PAN092 on soft films. BMP4 enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation of PANC1 and showed a bipolar effect on PAN092. Importantly, PANC1 exhibited a strong dose-dependent BMP response, notably for bBMP2, while PAN092 was insensitive to BMPs. Finally, we proved that it is possible to combine a microscale 3D Ormocomp scaffold fabricated using the two-photon polymerization technique with the bioactive film coating to form a microscale tumor tissue and mimic the early stages of metastatic cancer.
3D collagen fibrillar microstructure guides pancreatic cancer cell phenotype ...Arun kumar
Pancreatic cancer, one of the deadliest cancers, is characterized by high rates of metastasis
and intense desmoplasia, both of which are associated with changes in fibrillar type I collagen
composition and microstructure. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a critical
step of metastasis, also involves a change in extracellular matrix (ECM) context as cells
detach from basement membrane (BM) and engage interstitial matrix (IM). The objective of
this work was to develop and apply an in-vitro three-dimensional (3D) tumor-ECM model to
define how ECM composition and biophysical properties modulate pancreatic cancer EMT.
Three established pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) lines were embedded within
3D matrices prepared with type I collagen Oligomer (IM) at various fibril densities to control
matrix stiffness or Oligomer and Matrigel combined at various ratios while maintaining constant
matrix stiffness
3D tumor spheroid models for in vitro therapeutic screening: a systematic app...Arun kumar
The potential of a spheroid tumor model composed of cells in different proliferative and metabolic
states for the development of new anticancer strategies has been amply demonstrated. However, there
is little or no information in the literature on the problems of reproducibility of data originating from
experiments using 3D models. Our analyses, carried out using a novel open source software capable of
performing an automatic image analysis of 3D tumor colonies, showed that a number of morphology
parameters affect the response of large spheroids to treatment. In particular, we found that both
spheroid volume and shape may be a source of variability. We also compared some commercially
available viability assays specifically designed for 3D models. In conclusion, our data indicate the need
for a pre-selection of tumor spheroids of homogeneous volume and shape to reduce data variability to
a minimum before use in a cytotoxicity test. In addition, we identified and validated a cytotoxicity test
capable of providing meaningful data on the damage induced in large tumor spheroids of up to diameter
in 650 μm by different kinds of treatments.
Covalent Triazine Polymer–Fe3O4 Nanocomposite for Strontium Ion Removal from ...Arun kumar
A microporous covalent triazine polymer (CTP) is synthesized via a Friedel–Crafts reaction and used as a solid support to immobilize magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that approximately 60 wt % Fe3O4 is loaded onto the composite, and transmission electron microscopy analysis illustrates that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles are uniformly impregnated into the CTP surface. The CTP–Fe3O4 nanocomposite is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of strontium ion (Sr2+) from seawater. Response surface methodology, employed to optimize the removal of Sr2+, confirms that the optimal conditions for this removal are 0.55 mg, pH 7, 40 °C, and 250 min. The experimental results illustrate that the adsorption process fits well with the Freundlich isotherm, with a correlation coefficient of 0.976 and a maximum adsorption capacity of 128 mg g–1. The kinetic study demonstrates that the adsorption behavior follows pseudo-second-order kinetics. The adsorbent is easily recovered from seawater using an external magnetic field, thereby offering facile and economic separation of the adsorbent.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
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Design and development of nanomaterials for biomolecular detection and cancer therapy
1. Design and development of nanomaterials for
biomolecular detection and cancer therapy
Arunkumar Rengaraj
Supervised by
Yun-Suk Huh, PhD
1Department of Biological Engineering,
INHA University, Korea
Nano
Bio engineering
Analysis
Laboratory
2. Introduction
Nanomaterials for biomolecular detection
Graphene-protamine conjugate for the sensing of heparin
Graphene/NiO composite for Cholesterol sensing
NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Outline
Nanomaterials for cancer therapy
NMOF/PEG~DOX for drug delivery and ROS therapy
NCTP~DOX for drug delivery for cancer senescence
PAMAM/5-FU conjugate for targeting E6&E7 oncoproteins
Conclusion
5. Biomolecular detection
NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Diseases related to metabolic disorders Diabetes cases in developing countries
https://medicalxpress.com http://blogs.reuters.com
6. Biomolecular detection
NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Conventional Diagnosis method – Biochemical assay
It is an analytical in vitro procedure used to detect, quantify and/or
study the binding or activity of a biological molecule.
Problems in current diagnosis methods
In vitro procedure.
Required more amount of time and money.
Need expertise to do the diagnosis.
Most of the methods are qualitative.
https://www.thermofisher.com
7. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Advantage of electrochemical sensing
Highly specific.
Linear response, Tiny & biocompatible.
Easy to use.
Required only small sample volume.
Electrochemical detection
Electrochemical sensor Nanomaterial based Electrochemical sensor
Advantage of nanomaterial-enhanced
electrochemical sensing
Larger surface area for functionalization.
High conductivity.
High Physicochemical stability.
O Valappil M, Alwarappan S, N Narayanan T. Atomic Layers in Electrochemical Biosensing
Applications-Graphene and Beyond. Current Organic Chemistry. 2015 Jun 1;19(12):1163-75.
Nanomaterials for biomolecular detection
9. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Part 2.1. Reduced graphene oxide/gold-
protamine composite for electrochemical
detection of Heparin
10. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
TEM image a) GO b) GO/Au and SEM image c) GO d)
GO/Au .
Nanomaterials for biomolecular detection
Our strategy
Advantage
GO/Au provides fast and direct electron transfer between
electrode and biomolecule.
Au-NPs help for the to anchor protamine over the
biosensor. Uniformly decorated gold on the surface of the GO.
Heparin sensor
Sensor fabrication Morphology of the composite
Give title
11. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
a) XRD b) Raman c)FTIR analysis for GO & GO/Au, d)XPS
survey data for GO/Au.
Spectroscopical analyses
XRD confirms the presence of Au on GO.
Raman spectrum shows the defect introduced in GO
due to Au incorporation (small change in ID/IG).
What FT-IR tells
XPS survey spectra reveals the binding of Au on the
GO.
Heparin sensorNanomaterials for biomolecular detection
Characterization
Inferences:
12. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Heparin sensor
GO, GO/Au produce very small lesser resistance as
compared to than that of bare GC.
GO/Au-Protamine-Heparin shows higher resistance
(blocking of electron transfer).
Nanomaterials for biomolecular detection
Optimization
Conformation of the fabrication process Stability of the biosensor
Good electrochemical stability – confirmed by liner
increase in oxidation and reduction potential.
Irreversible interaction between protamine and
Heparin (Ks = 0.5 s-1 from Epa vs. log v plot)
Impedance analysis
Title missing
13. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Heparin sensing using a) CV, c) DPV and e) Impedance.
Nanomaterials for biomolecular detection
Electrochemical analysis
Heparin sensor
Heparin exhibited different detection limits in CV and DPV analysis
CV analysis:
Detection limit: 1.5 nM to 0.25 µM and R2 = 0.999
DPV analysis:
Sensing range: 0.2 V
Detection limit: 1.59 nM to 19 µM and R2 = 0.992
Current decreases with increasing heparin concentration
Different electrochemical methods exhibited different range of heparin detection.
There is a decreasing current in each increase in concentration heparin.
CV shows oxidation (0.4 V), reduction (0.2V) peaks .
CV shows the detection limit (1.5 nM to 0.25 µM) with the R2 value of 0.999.
In DPV the sensing range was set at 0.2V.
Title missing
14. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Heparin sensorNanomaterials for biomolecular detection
Conclusion
GO, Au-NPs provided large specific surface area, which greatly
increase the probability of Protamine-heparin interactions.
The GO/Au played an important role in establishing a fast
electron transfer path to facilitate direct electron transfer.
An affinity-sensor for heparin based on GO/Au-protamine was
proposed and exhibited low detection limit, good sensitivity, and
excellent selectivity.
Heparin sensing using a) stability, b) Selectivity
Sample Heparin concentration (µM) Recovery (%)
Added Founda
1 1.00 1.05 ± 0.05 105
2 5.00 4.80 ± 0.12 96
3 10.00 9.25 ± 0.23 93
4 15.00 12.98 ± 0.5 87
Heparin sensing using in FBS
Stability and selectivity
Title missing
15. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Part 2.2. Electrodeposition of flower-like nickel oxide
on CVD-grown graphene to develop an
electrochemical non-enzymatic biosensor
16. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Raman spectra of (a) graphene, (b) the NiO/graphene nanocomposite,
(c) the 2D band of graphene fitting d) XRD of the nanocomposite.
Nanomaterials for biomolecular detection
Our strategy
Advantages
Non enzymatic : NiO (intermediate)
Few layers graphene – High electron transfer rate
with low resistance.
I2D/IG ratio of the as–synthesized graphene was calculated
as 2.1.
Cholesterol sensor
Layers of graphene and crystallinity of NiO
Figure caption Missing
17. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
SEM images, elemental mapping of the NiO/graphene
nanocomposite.
Characterization
Cholesterol sensor
Flower-like NiO nanostructures
Nanomaterials for biomolecular detection
XPS Survey, N2p, C1s, and O1s core–level spectra of the
nanocomposite.
The survey spectrum exhibited C1s (285.0), O1s (531.8), and
Ni2p (851.9 eV).
Binding energy of graphene and NiO
18. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
CV curve for graphene and compositeat a scan rate of
100 mV/s in 1 M KOH.
Optimization and sensing of cholesterol
Cholesterol sensor
NiO/graphene showed
higher current due to the high electrocatalytic
activity of the NiO and
large active surface area and better
Nanomaterials for biomolecular detection
Cholesterol sensing
Linear increase in oxidation, reduction potential with
increase in concentration of cholesterol.
Higher electrical conductivity of NiO/graphene
19. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Selectivity and stability of the sensor
Cholesterol sensor
(a) Choroamperometric data (b) plot of peak current
versus concentration, and (c) interference test of the
nanocomposite (20 mM cholesterol in the presence of 20
mM glucose, 20 mM AA, 20 mM UA, 20 mM DA, 40 mM
NaCl, 40 mM uracil, and 20 mM Trp)
Nanomaterials for biomolecular detection
Stability of the electrode
Sample Diluted
sample (mM)
Spiked
(mM)
Detected
(mM)
RSD (%) Recovery
(%)
1 0.2 0.5 0.67 2.14 95.7
2 0.13 0.3 0.42 1.32 97.7
3 0.08 0.2 0.275 1.87 98.2
4 0.05 0.15 0.204 1.19 102
Cholesterol detection in milk sample
Interference analysis
20. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Conclusion
Cholesterol sensorNanomaterials for biomolecular detection
We successfully fabricated a NiO/graphene nanocomposite by electrodeposition of NiO onto the surface of CVD-
grown graphene, which was then used to investigate the non–enzymatic detection of cholesterol.
The composite electrode detected a range of cholesterol concentrations from 0.5 mM to 2 mM with high sensitivity.
Additionally, a low detection limit and rapid response time of 0.13 mM and 5 s, respectively, were observed.
Moreover, interference materials (AA, UA, uracil, glucose, Trp, DA, and NaCl) exerted no significant effects on the
detection of cholesterol.
The high sensitivity of cholesterol could be attributed to the excellent electrocatalytic activity of NiO and the large
specific surface area of the graphene.
22. Drug delivery refers to approaches, formulations
technologies, and systems for transporting a
pharmaceutical compound in the body as needed to
safely achieve its desired therapeutic effect.
NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Drug delivery
Solution Suspension
Ointment Tablets
Routes of drug delivery
Nanomaterials for cancer therapy
Based on the condition of patient
Requirement of drug dosage
http://www.singhvaid.com/tag/routes/
23. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Drug delivery
Nanomaterials for cancer therapy
Problems with the conventional drug delivery system Comparison between Conventional, controlled drug delivery system
https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/modified-release-drug-delivery-
systems
Inconvenient.
Inactivation by gastric juice.
Difficult to monitor.
Metabolism before reaching target cell.
Too many adverse reactions.
Rapid clearance of targeted systems.
24. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Drug delivery
Nanomaterials for cancer therapy
Nano-formulation for the controlled drug delivery system
Sun W, Hu Q, Ji W, Wright G, Gu Z. Leveraging Physiology for Precision
Drug Delivery. Physiological Reviews. 2017 Jan 1;97(1):189-225..
Nanocarriers for drug delivery
Sagnella SM, McCarroll JA, Kavallaris M. Drug delivery: beyond active tumour targeting.
Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine. 2014 Aug 31;10(6):1131-7.
25. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Drug delivery
Nanomaterials for cancer therapy
Cancer Cancer therapy
Oral cancer
http://www.fhshh.com
http://www.rahmacancercare.com http://www.universitycancercenters.com
Surgery: Infected cell of cancer removed.
Radiation: High-energy particles or waves, such as x-rays, gamma rays, electron
beams, or protons, to destroy or damage cancer cells.
Hormone therapy: Reduce or increase particular hormone in order to treat cancer.
Chemotherapy : Using a drugs to treat cancer cells.
Targeted therapy : Using monoclonal antibody to treat cancer.
26. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Drug delivery
Nanomaterials for cancer therapy
Nanocarriers for cancer therapy Our approach to utilize nanomaterials for cancer therapy
Conde J, Tian F, Baptista PV, de la Fuente JM. Nano-Oncologicals: New Targeting
and Delivery Approaches. Advances in Delivery Science and Technology. 2014:123-
60.
Porous nanoscale NH2-MIL-125 as a potential platform for
drug delivery, imaging and ROS therapy utilized Low Intensity
Visible light exposure system
Porous Covalent Triazine Polymer as a Potential Nanocargo
for Cancer Therapy and Imaging
PAMAM/5-flurouracil drug conjugate for targeting E6 and
E7 oncoproteins in cervical cancer: a combined
experimental/in silico approach
27. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Part 3.2. Porous NH2-MIL-125 as an efficient nano-
platform for drug delivery, imaging and ROS therapy
utilized Low-Intensity Visible light exposure system
http://www.breastlink.com/breast-cancer-101
28. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Cancer drug delivery
MOFs are porous crystalline materials whose framework is constituted
of metal ions or metal ion clusters occupying nodal framework positions
coordinated by di-, tri- or multipodal organic ligands.
Metal-organic interactions occur between metal and heteroatoms such
as nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur and phosphorus.
MOF- Drug deliveryNanomaterials for cancer therapy
Synthesis of NH2-MIL-125 through solvothermal method
What are MOF ? Fabrication of NMOF/PEG~ DOX
29. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
MOF- Drug delivery
Synthesis of NMOF/PEG under sonication at different
time interval (5-20min).
Cancer drug delivery
Nanomaterials for cancer therapy
Morphology of MOF, NMOF and NMOF/PEG
PEG was strongly encapsulated into the MOF due to the hydrophobic
interaction of PEG with organic linkers in the MOF and (ii) ionic
interactions between the hydroxyl group of the PEG and Ti metal ions
in the MOF.
Sonication driven NMOF synthesis
30. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
MOF- Drug delivery
Characterization and properties of MOF, NMOF, NMOF/PEG and NMOF/PEG-DOX. a)
XRD patterns, b) BET analysis for the surface area of the materials, c) TGA analysis,
and (d) UV-Vis absorbance and photoluminescence spectra (insert) of NMOF/PEG u
nder different excitation.
XRD shows there is no changes in crystallinity.
BET surface area of NH2-MIL-125 was 1540 m2 g−1 with a pore size
of 0.63 nm.
After sonication, the surface area of NMOF increased to 1720 m2
g−1.
After the PEGylation process, there was a considerable decrease in
surface area to 155 m2g−1.
The UV absorption spectrum (Fig. 1d) of MOF shows the absorbance
at approximately 340 nm, attributed to the n–π* transition of the
nitrogen lone pair electron in 2-aminoterephthalic acid.
Cancer drug delivery
Nanomaterials for cancer therapy
Crystalline, high surface area, biocompatible NMOF
31. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Biocompatibility & Nanocarrier tracking
MOF- Drug delivery
NMOF/PEG exhibited less toxicity than MOF, NMOF
at all four concentrations (10-200 µg/ml).
Nanomaterials for cancer therapy
Cancer drug delivery
Our approach
Low-intensity visible light system for cancer treatment
http://hospitals.jefferson.edu
32. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Drug adsorption, release and ROS induction by NMOF/PEG
MOF- Drug delivery
NMOF/PEG a) Drug (DOX) adsorption, b) pH sensitive & photosensitive
drug release c) ROS level at different concentrations of NMOF/PEG upon
constant irradiation and d) Cell viability (MCF-7) of NMOF/PEG-DOX with
and without irradiation.
Drug molecules interacting with the nanoparticle matrix by the hydrophobic
and H-bonding interactions between the DOX and organic linker of the
nanoparticles.
The observed DOX loading was saturated of 200µg/mg on NMOF/PEG.
The adsorption of drug molecules into the NMOF/PEG was characterized by
FT-IR, BET surface area, and DLS.
50µg/ml NMOF/PEG/DOX (10 µg of DOX-loaded in NMOF/PEG) killed
more than 80% of MCF-7 in the absence of irradiation.
Nanomaterials for cancer therapy
Cancer drug delivery
33. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
MOF- Drug delivery
Optical microscopy images of MCF-7 cells under different conditions: (a)
untreated, (b) NMOF/PEG (c) DOX-loaded NMOF/PEG, and (d) incubated
with DCFDA of DOX-NMOF/PEG after irradiation. The left column shows
the bright field images. The central 2 columns are the fluorescence images
of NMOF/PEG and DOX channels. The right column presents overlay
images of the bright field and fluorescence images. The fluorescence
images were acquired by fluorescence microscopy under an excitation
range of 330–380nm and 450–490nm for the NMOF/PEG and DOX
channels, respectively.
Nanomaterials for cancer therapy
Cancer drug delivery
Laser confocal imaging
34. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
We successfully synthesized NMOF/PEG and used it as both a potential photosensitizer and pH-responsive nanocarrier
for cancer therapy and imaging.
NMOF/PEG with pH-dependent drug releasing properties was suitable for drug delivery over cancer cells.
The NMOF/PEG-DOX with ROS induction exhibited a higher cytotoxic effect on cancer cells than the NMOF/PEG-
DOX and DOX alone.
The NMOF/PEG–DOX complex features a DOX-loading capacity of 200 µg/mg due to its high specific surface area, π-π
stacking and hydrophobic interaction.
Our results indicate the potential for use of NMOF/PEG as a low-toxic and biocompatible 2D nanomaterial for cancer
diagnosis and therapy.
Conclusion
MOF- Drug deliveryNanomaterials for cancer therapy
35. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Part 3.3. Porous Covalent Triazine Polymer as a
Potential Nanocargo for Cancer Therapy and
Imaging
http://medimyth.blogspot.kr/2013_12_01_archive.html
36. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
NCTP- SenescenceNanomaterials for cancer therapy
Cancer drug delivery
What are COF ?
The CTP is a sub-class of POPs, it has high nitrogen contents and free
lone pair of electrons, which provide high electron density in their
network.
Covalent triazine polymer (CTP) was successfully synthesized via the
Friedel-Crafts reaction.
These free electrons interact easily with drug compounds, making
electrophilic substitution easier.
Strategy employed to synthesize NCTP-DOX
The CTP was broken into NCTP using sonication process.
37. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
(a) FTIR, (b) BET, (c) zeta potential, and (d) PL analysis of NCTP.
NCTP- Senescence
The bands at 1610, 1519, and 1369 cm-1 were assigned to C=C, C=N,
and C-N stretching vibrations of the triazine rings in the polymer
network, respectively.
The BET surface area of NCTP was 1220 m2/g, which was evaluated
from the 0.01 < P/P0 < 0.05 region of the adsorption curve.
The first weight loss (around 10%) step in the TGA curve occurred at
below 120°C and was attributed to the loss of water. A second rapid
major mass loss occurred at 350–600 ᵒC and was assigned to the
decomposition of NCTP.
Fluorescence at 700nm upon excitation at 350nm
Nanomaterials for cancer therapy
Cancer drug delivery
Spectroscopic analysis
38. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
SEM and TEM analysis of CTP (a, d) before sonication, (b, e)
after sonication, and (c, f) after filtration.
NCTP- SenescenceNanomaterials for cancer therapy
Cancer drug delivery
Morphology of CTP, NCTP Biocompatibility of NCTP
Cytotoxic study of the NCTP (a) COS-7 and (b) HeLa cells.
No significant loss of cell viability was observed, even
though we increased the NCTP concentration to 500 mg/mL.
39. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
(a) Loading efficiency of DOX, (b) pH induced controlled
drug release, and (c) mechanism for pH induced drug
release.
NCTP- SenescenceNanomaterials for cancer therapy
Drug adsorption, pH sensitive drug release Confocal imaging
(a) Optical microscopic images, (b) confocal fluorescence microscopy
images, and (c) overlay of HeLa cells before (i) and after (ii, iii) being
incubated for 24 h with NCTP and NCTP-DOX.
Cancer drug delivery
40. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Cytotoxicity and Bio-TEM
Relative cell viability of (a) COS-7 and (b) HeLa cells treated
with free DOX and NCTP-DOX at various concentrations,
and (c) Bio-TEM images of (i) control and (ii) NCTP-DOX
treated HeLa cells after 6 h.
NCTP- SenescenceNanomaterials for cancer therapy
Cancer drug delivery
Cancer senescence
SA β-galactosidase assay for NCTP-DOX (a) before staining, (b) after
staining and protein expression of (c) DOX and (d) NCTP-DOX on
HeLa cells.
41. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
We successfully synthesized NCTP and used it as both a potential photosensitizer and pH-responsive nanocarrier
for cancer therapy and imaging.
NCTP with pH-dependent drug releasing properties were suitable for drug delivery over cancer cells.
The NCTP-DOX exhibited a higher cytotoxic effect on cancer cells than free DOX and induced strong senescence
at lower concentration.
The NCTP–DOX complex features a DOX-loading capacity of 200 mg/g due to its high specific surface area, π-π
stacking and hydrophobic interaction.
Our results indicate the potential for use of NCTP as a low-toxic and biocompatible 2D nanomaterial for cancer
diagnosis and therapy.
Conclusion
NCTP- SenescenceNanomaterials for cancer therapy
42. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Part 3.4. PAMAM/5-flurouracil drug conjugate for
targeting E6 and E7 oncoproteins in cervical
cancer: a combined experimental/in silico
approach
Schiffman M, Castle PE, Jeronimo J, Rodriguez AC, Wacholder S.
Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. The Lancet. 2007 Sep
14;370(9590):890-907.
43. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
PAMAM/5-FU for targeting E6 & E7Nanomaterials for cancer therapy
Our approach
Cancer drug delivery
Cervical cancer caused by HPV infection
http://www.mun.ca/bi
ology/desmid/brian/BI
OL2060/BIOL2060-
24/CB24.html
HPV virus produce E6 & E7 protein inside the host.
E6 & E7 protein inhibit P53,pRb protein in human and cause cancer.
5-FU widely used to target E6 & E7 protein.
The interaction between drug and oncoprotein is week.
To increase avidity, we utilized Polymer/Drug conjugate (PAMAM/5-
FU)
44. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Protein, ligand retrieval and preparation Molecular docking
Nanomaterials for cancer therapy
Cancer drug delivery
PAMAM/5-FU for targeting E6 & E7
45. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Molecular docking analysis. (a, d) conformational structure (b,
e) interaction profile, and (c, f) RMSD plot of E6 and E7
protein over 5-FU.
PAMAM/5-FU for targeting E6 & E7
Cancer drug delivery
Interaction between drug (5-FU) With oncoproteins (E6,E7)
Nanomaterials for cancer therapy
Interaction between Polymer/drug (PAMAM/5-FU) With
oncoproteins (E6,E7)
Molecular docking analysis. (a, d) conformational structure (b, e)
interaction profile, and (c, f) RMSD plot of E6 and E7 protein over
PAMAM/5-FU conjugate.
46. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
S. No
Dendrimer
generations
0.01M PAMAM dendrimer
Ethylene
diamine (mL)
Methyl
Acrylate
(mL)
1 0.5G 0.67 7.21
2 1.0G 5.36 -
3 1.5G - 14.42
4 2.0G 10.71 -
5 2.5G - 28.85
PAMAM/5-FU for targeting E6 & E7Nanomaterials for cancer therapy
Cancer drug delivery
Synthesis of different generation of PAMAM Characterization
(a) FTIR spectrum, (b) 1HNMR spectrum, (c) TEM image of 1.5G
PAMAM, and (d) viscosity of different generations of PAMAM.
47. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Cytotoxicity of different generations of PAMAM nanoparticles,
(b) drug adsorption study, (c) drug release behaviour of 1.5G
and 2.5G PAMAM nanoparticles, and (d) stability of PAMAM/5-
FU formulation at a different temperature.
PAMAM/5-FU for targeting E6 & E7
Biocompatibility, drug adsorption and drug release
Cancer drug delivery
Nanomaterials for cancer therapy
Interaction of PAMAM/5-Fu with HeLa cell line
Confocal imaging of (a) DAPI stained HeLa cell, (b) FITC-P
AMAM/5-FU (c) FITC–PAMAM/5-FU in HeLa cell, and (d) FIT
C–5-FU in HeLa cell.
48. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
(a) Cytotoxicity analysis of 5-FU and PAMAM/5-FU conjugate
over HeLa cells, (b) Western blotting to evaluate the effects
of 5-FU and PAMAM/5-FU conjugate over tumor suppressor
proteins
PAMAM/5-FU for targeting E6 & E7
Nanomaterials for cancer therapy
Cancer drug delivery
Inhibition on tumor suppressor proteins(E6 &E7),
hemocomtability Conclusion
Molecular docking analysis of PAMMA-5FU with the oncoproteins (E6
and E7) revealed excellent downregulation activities
1.5G and 2.5G PAMAM for the encapsulation of 5-FU for controlled drug
delivery.
Hematological analysis of the animals confirmed that the PAMAM/5-FU
exhibited fewer side effects than 5-FU.
49. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Conclusion
Nanomaterials became important components in bioanalytical devices and drug delivery.
Since they clearly enhance the performances in terms of sensitivity, detection limits in sensors and showed enhanced
drug delivery performance with other functionalities (Bioimaging, combinational therapy).
Furthermore, the combination of different nanomaterials, organic-inorganic increase, even more, the performances of
biosensors, drug delivery.
Due to the vast number of different nanomaterials all with its own specific properties, only a few examples could be
demonstrated in this thesis here by emphasizing the principal advantages of such materials.
50. NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Publications
1. Reduced graphene oxide /Gold-protamine composite for electrochemical detection of Heparin. (Under preparation)
2. Arunkumar Rengaraj, Pillaiyar Puthiaraj, Nam Su Heo, Hoomin Lee, Soonjo Kwon, Wha-Seung Ahn,b and Yun Suk Huha. “Porous nanoscale NH2-MIL-
125 as a potential platform for drug delivery, imaging, and ROS therapy utilized Low-Intensity Visible light exposure system”. (Under Review).
3. Arunkumar Rengaraj, Subbiah Balaji, Yuvaraj Haldorai, Dhanusha Yesudhas, Nam-Soo Heo, Soonjo Kwon, Sangdun Choi, Young-Kyu Han, N. Hema
Shenpagam and Yun Suk Huh. “PAMAM/5-flurouracil drug conjugate for targeting E6 and E7 oncoproteins in cervical cancer: a combined experimental/in
silico approach”. RSC Advances, (2017).
4. Arunkumar Rengaraj , Pillaiyar Puthiaraj, Yuvaraj Haldorai, Nam Su Heo, Seung-Kyu Hwang, Young-Kyu Han, Soonjo Kwon, Wha-Seung Ahn, Yun Suk
Huh. “Porous Covalent Triazine Polymer as a Potential Nanocargo for Cancer Therapy and Imaging." ACS applied materials & interfaces (2016): 8947-8955.
5. Arunkumar Rengaraj, Yuvaraj Haldorai, Cheol Hwan Kwak, Seungbae Ahn, Ki-Joon Jeon, Seok Hoon Park, Young-Kyu Han, Yun Suk Huh.
“Electrodeposition of flower-like nickel oxide on CVD-grown graphene to develop an electrochemical non-enzymatic biosensor”, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2015,
3, 6301-630.
51. Group members
Yun Suk Huh’s group
Phone : +82-32-860-9177/ Fax : +82-32-872-4046
E-mail : yunsuk.huh@inha.ac.kr
NBA Nano/Bio engineering/Analysis LaboratoryL
Inha University
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A biomolecule or biological molecule is molecule that is present in living organisms, including large macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products.
A biomolecule or biological molecule is molecule that is present in living organisms, including large macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products.
A biomolecule or biological molecule is molecule that is present in living organisms, including large macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products.
There are different kind of analyte and sensing element enz, antibody, nucleic acid, tissue, microbial, polysaccharide,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, sensor element potential, current, impedence ,mass, temperature, viscosity
FTIR analysis of GO and GO/Au were showed in Fig.2c and It is found that the bands at 1200 cm−1, 1070 cm−1 and 1720 cm−1 are attributed to the C–O epoxy stretching, C–O alkoxy stretching and C=O carbonyl stretching vibrations, respectively; the absorption band at 3450 cm−1 corresponds to the O–H stretching
2-Aminoterephthalic acid, biphenyl, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), methanol, titanium (IV) isopropoxide, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), DOX, DCF-DA, DPPH, MTT assay (98%), fetal bovine serum (FBS), Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium (RPMI), and all other reagents mentioned in this article were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich and used as received.
NH2-MIL-125 was prepared according to a reported procedure.
2-Aminoterephthalic acid (20 mmol) was dissolved in a 40 mL of N,N dimethylformamide (DMF) and 20 mL of methanol at room temperature with stirring.
After 30 min, 10 mmol of titanium (IV) isopropoxide was added into the reaction mixture and poured into a 100 mL Teflon-lined autoclave and heated at 423 K for 16 h in a convection oven.
The final mixture was cooled to room temperature and a yellow solid powder was recovered by filtration, following by washing with DMF to remove the unreacted molecules.
Finally the recovered powder was washed with methanol to exchange the DMF and dried at 100 °C under vacuum to remove the methanol from the pores.
Synthesis of NMOF/PEG400
To prepare nano-size NH2-MIL-125 (NMOF), the 500 mg of as synthesized MOF was sonicated using rod type titanium horn in 25 mL PBS at room temperature for around 15min. Sonication was administered in pulses with a 60% duty cycle at 60 kHz.
The sonicated sample was filtered using 0.2micron PVDF filter. Finally the 20 mL of filtrate containing NMOF was mixed with 3 mL of PEG-400 and sonicated at room temperature for 20min.
PEG-400 was selected due to its less toxicity and wide use in pharmaceutical industry.
After 20min of sonication the uncoated PEG-400 was removed under centrifugation and washed twice with 20 mL of PBS. Finally the precipitated NMOF/PEG400 was collected and dried at 100 oC for 4 h.
These figures show my university and group members.