3D collagen fibrillar microstructure guides pancreatic cancer cell phenotype and serves as a critical design parameter for phenotypic models of EMT
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Pancreatic cancer, one of the deadliest cancers, is characterized by high rates of metastasis and intense desmoplasia, both of which are associated with changes in fibrillar type I collagen composition and microstructure. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a critical step of metastasis, also involves a change in extracellular matrix (ECM) context as cells detach from basement membrane (BM) and engage interstitial matrix (IM). The objective of this work was to develop and apply an in-vitro three-dimensional (3D) tumor-ECM model to define how ECM composition and biophysical properties modulate pancreatic cancer EMT. Three established pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) lines were embedded within 3D matrices prepared with type I collagen Oligomer (IM) at various fibril densities to control matrix stiffness or Oligomer and Matrigel combined at various ratios while maintaining constant matrix stiffness
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Proteinas
Proteins are macromolecules composed of amino acid monomers that perform essential functions in cells. Misfolded proteins can aggregate, which is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Molecular chaperones assist protein folding, and may prevent aggregation. Studying protein aggregation provides information to understand diseases where aggregation plays a role, such as identifying chromosome 19 proteins related to cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Mapping human proteins informs drug development by identifying disease-related proteins as potential drug targets.
What's hot (20)
Estrogen-induced chromatin decondensation and nuclear re-organization linked ...
Estrogen-induced chromatin decondensation and nuclear re-organization linked ...
CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOCONJUGATED CHLOROTOXIN BINDING TO POPULATIONS OF NEURA...
CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOCONJUGATED CHLOROTOXIN BINDING TO POPULATIONS OF NEURA...
Microhomology in Genomic Stuctural Variation - Diego Ottaviani, Magdalena Lec...
Microhomology in Genomic Stuctural Variation - Diego Ottaviani, Magdalena Lec...
Similar to 3D collagen fibrillar microstructure guides pancreatic cancer cell phenotype and serves as a critical design parameter for phenotypic models of EMT
MAOP Poster
1) Researchers are developing a 3D-scaffold mammary tissue model containing a vascular system to study how extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness affects cell morphology and malignancy.
2) The model is created by 3D printing a carbohydrate structure, coating it with a polymer, and dissolving the carbohydrate while encasing the polymer structure in collagen ECM material along with mammary endothelial cells.
3) This allows the creation of vascular channels within the ECM and enables testing of how varying ECM stiffness affects malignant mammary epithelial cells in a more physiologically relevant 3D environment compared to standard 2D cultures.
3D Bioprinted Cancer Models Advantages, Roles & Applications In Drug Developm...
This article introduces the advantages, roles and applications of 3D bioprinted cancer models in drug development.
Growth Kinetics of 2- and 3-D Cell Models as Influenced by the Microenvironment
The noncontact cocultivation system was developed for the study of the paracrine interactions
between MCF-7 (breast carcinoma cells) and MT-4 (a line of human T-cell leukemia). Viability and proliferation
rates were determined in the adhesion and suspension fractions of MCF-7 cells sampled from two model
systems: monolayer culture and multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS). Cocultivation with MT-4 reduced the
number of MCF-7 cells in the adhesion fraction and had no effect upon the suspension fraction, despite an
increase in the total population of MCF-7 cells. The two model systems displayed a substantial difference in
cell viability, alone and in the presence of MT-4 cells – the fraction of viable cells in the monolayers was greater
than in the spheroids. It is suggested that cocultivation with MT-4 stimulates proliferation of MCF-7 cells via
a paracrine mechanism, reduces adhesion to the substrate, and leads to MTS formation.
Tumor stem cell reprogramming as a driver of cancer as
This document discusses the concept of tumor stem cell reprogramming as an alternative model for how oncogenes drive cancer development. It proposes that oncogenic lesions can reprogram stem/progenitor cells by imposing a new, pathological differentiation program, rather than acting homogeneously within cancer cell populations. Experimental evidence from models of chronic myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma supports this hypothesis by demonstrating that cancer stem cells can arise through a reprogramming-like process, and that oncogenes may act as "passengers" in this reprogramming rather than being required long-term. This tumor stem cell reprogramming concept could change our understanding of cancer development and open new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
MULTIPLE MYELOMA CELLS
THIS IS A RESEARCH PAPER PPT THAT REPRESENT THE TOPIC- ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MULTIPLE MYELOMA CELLS AND THEIR MICROENVIROMENT .....
Mmp Rev J Biomed Sc 2010
This document summarizes a research article that discusses genetic polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), in potentially malignant and malignant head and neck lesions. It describes how MMPs degrade the extracellular matrix, a key event in tumor progression and metastasis. It reviews the classification of MMPs and their substrates. It also discusses how MMPs and TIMPs are regulated and expresses polymorphisms that may be associated with cancer susceptibility and prognosis.
2D CAT Based Modeling of Tumour Growth and Drug Transport
The transition of normal cells in the tissue that leads into tumour and spreads throughout
depending upon its behavioural conditions is a complex biological process studied through the use of
both in vivo and in vitro experimentation. Mathematical models provide the approach by using a
controlled environment in which a system can be described quantitatively. This can also yield data
which predicts the behaviour of cells and likely medical conditions after thorough analysis by the
modeller. In an effort to study the characteristics that increase cell fitness, the paper presents a 2D
Cellular Automaton model that uses computer simulation to describe the invasion of healthy tissue
by cancer cells. The growth process is simulated and it was found that movement of cells affects
tumour growth rate. It was also found that the relative distance of the tumour initiation area from
neighbouring vessels influences the growth of tumour. The model and the simulation software
developed thus can be used to understand the dynamics of early tumour growth and to explore
various hypotheses of tumour growth relevant to drug delivery in chemotherapy. Importantly, this
approach highlights that vessel displacement should not be neglected in tumour growth models. The
paper thus presents two models i.e cancer growth model and drug transport model for tumour growth
and treatment that will help to diagnose the early tumour growth. Though cancer is uncurable;early
and quick detection of cancer will help doctors in better way by suggesting quick remedial action
against it.
BMC Biol 2009
This document describes factors necessary to produce basoapical polarity in human glandular epithelium formed in three-dimensional culture models. The authors demonstrate that apical polarity, characterized by tight junction formation, is more sensitive to culture conditions than basal polarity. Using mammary epithelial cells, they show that both basal polarity-mediated signaling and the extracellular matrix component collagen IV are required for the development of apical polarity. A new high-throughput culture method is presented that can produce basoapically polarized glandular structures without embedding cells in a gel, opening possibilities for high-content screening applications.
Maytansinoid immunoconjugate IMGN901 is cytotoxic
IMGN901 is a maytansinoid immunoconjugate targeting CD56, which is expressed in 70% of multiple myeloma cases. The study evaluated IMGN901 alone and in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone to determine if it can overcome environmental-mediated drug resistance (EM-DR) in multiple myeloma. While adhesion to extracellular matrix reduced IMGN901 potency, it remained cytotoxic with an LC50 of 43 nM. However, only a combination of IMGN901, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone was able to overcome drug resistance arising from direct contact between multiple myeloma and stromal cells. Drug resistance in this condition was associated with upregulation of multi-drug
Predictive modelling of cancer through metabolic networks
1) Genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction allows for predictive modeling of cancer metabolism through metabolic networks.
2) By constructing cell-specific metabolic networks for cancerous cells using systems biology approaches like genome-scale modeling, the metabolic phenotypes of cancers can be determined.
3) Case studies have used constraint-based modeling techniques like flux balance analysis on reconstructed human metabolic networks to predict cancer-specific drug targets and metabolic liabilities by integrating omics data from cancer datasets.
Lynch CERCA Poster S16 [4196]
NMR spectroscopy techniques including 2D TOCSY, ROESY, and STD NMR were used to analyze peptide epitopes and determine their binding to monoclonal antibodies. 2D NMR was used to assign proton signals in peptide epitopes. STD NMR showed that the peptide GVTSAX3D binds to antibody SM3 through interactions of the 3-aminobenzoate substitution and methyl groups of valine, threonine, and alanine residues. Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy supported the successful synthesis and characterization of peptide epitopes for studying antibody binding.
2013 CD8 Lymphocytes and apoptosis in MBC-1
This document discusses a study comparing CD8+ lymphocyte distribution and apoptosis in typical medullary breast carcinoma (TMC) and atypical medullary breast carcinoma (AMC). The study found that TMC had significantly more CD8+ lymphocytes within tumor nests compared to AMC. It also found that CD8+ lymphocytes in both tumor types tended to accumulate along the margins of lymphocyte tracts adjoining tumor nests. The study observed apoptosis of lymphocytes in contact with tumor cells and of tumor cells in contact with lymphocytes in both TMC and AMC tumor nests, but did not find significant differences in apoptosis between the two tumor types. The findings are consistent with CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocyte-mediated immunity contributing to the
poster_final version
The researchers fabricated poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel matrices of varying stiffness by exposing a pre-polymer solution to UV light for different time periods (2.5, 4, and 6 minutes). They characterized the matrices and seeded breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) on them to investigate how the cells interact with and respond to matrix stiffness. They found that inhibiting a protein called ROCK reduced the cancer cells' actin organization, adhesion, and proliferation on stiffer matrices. This suggests that matrix stiffness influences aggressive cancer cell behavior through ROCK-mediated pathways.
Transplantation journal
International Journal of Stem Cell Research and Transplantation (IJST) is an international, Open Access, peer-reviewed journal, which mainly focuses, on the advancements made in the field of cell biology, specifically in the field of Stem Cells.
Stem cells journal
International Journal of Stem Cell Research and Transplantation (IJST) is a peer-reviewed journal, and is dedicated to providing information with respect to the latest advancements that are being upgraded in our everyday life with respect to the application of Stem cells.
Journal of stem cells research
International Journal of Stem Cell Research and Transplantation (IJST) ISSN:2328-3548, is a free, Open Access, Peer-reviewed, exclusive online journal covering areas of Stem cell research, translational work and Clinical studies in the specialty of Stem Cells and Transplantation including allied specialties relevant to the core subject, which is dedicated in publishing high quality manuscripts.
3D cell culture techniques for the tumor models
The document discusses 3D cell culture techniques for developing in vitro tumor models. It begins with an introduction to the advantages of 3D culture over 2D culture in mimicking the complex tumor microenvironment. Various 3D culture techniques are described, including spontaneous aggregation, liquid overlay, hanging drop method, and scaffold-based cultures. The mechanisms of spheroid formation and applications of 3D tumor models in cancer research are also summarized.
Virador fast 102913
This document summarizes Victoria Virador's presentation on engineering functional 3-D tissue models. It discusses using 3D tissue models to improve drug development and testing. Some key points include: (1) The drug development pipeline is slow, taking 9+ years and $1-2 billion; (2) 3D tissue models, like spheroids and organoids, can better model human physiology compared to traditional 2D cell cultures; (3) These models are being used for disease modeling, predictive toxicology screening, and angiogenesis research to aid drug development. The document provides several examples of 3D tissue models, including for skin, cancer, and validating model responses to toxic insults.
publi Toulouse
This document describes a study that conducted an RNA interference screening in breast cancer cells to identify epigenetic factors regulating the mesenchyme to epithelium transition (MET). Researchers designed a siRNA library targeting 729 chromatin modification genes and screened it in the mesenchymal breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. They identified 70 candidate genes involved in MET, including known genes like ZEB1, G9a, SMAD5 and SMARCD3, as well as DOT1L which has been implicated in MET. They also identified KAT5 as a novel gene linked to maintaining the mesenchymal phenotype for the first time. The screening approach involved measuring E-cadherin induction and cell
Functional Disparity of Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts in Different Stages ...
Carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are known responsible for immune evasion and growth of cancer and the crosstalk between CAFs and the immune system is still unidentified.
Similar to 3D collagen fibrillar microstructure guides pancreatic cancer cell phenotype and serves as a critical design parameter for phenotypic models of EMT (20)
3D Bioprinted Cancer Models Advantages, Roles & Applications In Drug Developm...
3D Bioprinted Cancer Models Advantages, Roles & Applications In Drug Developm...
Growth Kinetics of 2- and 3-D Cell Models as Influenced by the Microenvironment
Growth Kinetics of 2- and 3-D Cell Models as Influenced by the Microenvironment
Tumor stem cell reprogramming as a driver of cancer as
Tumor stem cell reprogramming as a driver of cancer as
2D CAT Based Modeling of Tumour Growth and Drug Transport
2D CAT Based Modeling of Tumour Growth and Drug Transport
Predictive modelling of cancer through metabolic networks
Predictive modelling of cancer through metabolic networks
Functional Disparity of Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts in Different Stages ...
Functional Disparity of Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts in Different Stages ...
More from Arun kumar
Endothelin.pptx
1) Endothelin-1 (ET-1) promotes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma cells. ET-1 increases VEGF levels through the ETAR receptor, integrin-linked kinase, Akt, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling pathways.
2) Knockdown of ET-1 decreases VEGF expression and inhibits angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. ET-1 promotes migration and tube formation of endothelial progenitor cells through increased VEGF.
3) ET-1 activates HIF-1α, which binds to the VEGF promoter region to increase VEGF expression. This ET-1/ETAR/ILK/Akt/
Engineering of a Microscale Niche for Pancreatic Tumor Cells Using Bioactive ...
Two-photon polymerization has recently emerged as a promising technique to fabricate scaffolds for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture and tissue engineering. Here, we combined 3D-printed microscale scaffolds fabricated using two-photon polymerization with a bioactive layer-by-layer film coating. This bioactive coating consists of hyaluronic acid and poly(l-lysine) of controlled stiffness, loaded with fibronectin and bone morphogenic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP2 and BMP4) as matrix-bound proteins. Planar films were prepared using a liquid handling robot directly in 96-well plates to perform high-content studies of cellular processes, especially cell adhesion, proliferation, and BMP-induced signaling. The behaviors of two human pancreatic cell lines PANC1 (immortalized) and PAN092 (patient-derived cell line) were systematically compared and revealed important context-specific cell responses, notably in response to film stiffness and matrix-bound BMPs (bBMPs). Fibronectin significantly increased cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation for both cell types on soft and stiff films; BMP2 increased cell adhesion and inhibited proliferation of PANC1 cells and PAN092 on soft films. BMP4 enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation of PANC1 and showed a bipolar effect on PAN092. Importantly, PANC1 exhibited a strong dose-dependent BMP response, notably for bBMP2, while PAN092 was insensitive to BMPs. Finally, we proved that it is possible to combine a microscale 3D Ormocomp scaffold fabricated using the two-photon polymerization technique with the bioactive film coating to form a microscale tumor tissue and mimic the early stages of metastatic cancer.
3d ormocomp hybrid structure.pptx
wo-photon polymerization has recently emerged as a promising technique to fabricate scaffolds for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture and tissue engineering. Here, we combined 3D-printed microscale scaffolds fabricated using two-photon polymerization with a bioactive layer-by-layer film coating. This bioactive coating consists of hyaluronic acid and poly(l-lysine) of controlled stiffness, loaded with fibronectin and bone morphogenic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP2 and BMP4) as matrix-bound proteins. Planar films were prepared using a liquid handling robot directly in 96-well plates to perform high-content studies of cellular processes, especially cell adhesion, proliferation, and BMP-induced signaling. The behaviors of two human pancreatic cell lines PANC1 (immortalized) and PAN092 (patient-derived cell line) were systematically compared and revealed important context-specific cell responses, notably in response to film stiffness and matrix-bound BMPs (bBMPs). Fibronectin significantly increased cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation for both cell types on soft and stiff films; BMP2 increased cell adhesion and inhibited proliferation of PANC1 cells and PAN092 on soft films. BMP4 enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation of PANC1 and showed a bipolar effect on PAN092. Importantly, PANC1 exhibited a strong dose-dependent BMP response, notably for bBMP2, while PAN092 was insensitive to BMPs. Finally, we proved that it is possible to combine a microscale 3D Ormocomp scaffold fabricated using the two-photon polymerization technique with the bioactive film coating to form a microscale tumor tissue and mimic the early stages of metastatic cancer.
Application of nanomaterials in lifescience
The document discusses the application of nanomaterials in life sciences. It begins with an introduction to nanomaterials, their properties, synthesis, and classification. It then discusses two key applications: drug delivery and biosensors. For drug delivery, it provides examples of using metal-organic frameworks for controlled drug release. For biosensors, it details the development of a graphene-nickel oxide nanocomposite for cholesterol detection with high sensitivity and selectivity. In conclusion, the document outlines the potential of nanotechnology to advance areas like targeted drug delivery and disease diagnostics.
A protamine-conjugated gold decorated graphene oxide composite as an electroc...
In this study, an effective electrochemical sensor was developed for heparin detection using a protamineconjugated
graphene oxide/gold (GO/Au) composite. Protamine is an antidote that can act as an affinity ligand
for heparin. The GO was used as support for signal amplification, and Au nanoparticles (NPs) were employed
to immobilize the protamine. This Au NPs also increasing the electron transfer rate and enhancing the signal response
during protamine-heparin integration. The proposed affinity sensor had a simple fabrication process, a
low detection limit (0.9 nM), a wide linear range (1.9 × 10−7 M to 1.5 × 10−9 M), high stability, and high selectivity
in the detection of heparin.
Recovery of boron from sea water
Boron is a chemical element found in low amounts on Earth and in the Solar system. It is produced by cosmic ray spallation and concentrated on Earth through water-soluble boron compounds. The most important boron compounds are boric acid, borax, and boric oxide, which have industrial and household uses. While boron is essential for plant cell walls, higher doses can be harmful to animals. Global demand for boron compounds is expected to increase due to applications in fiberglass, ceramics, and electronics. Boron naturally occurs in seawater and freshwater, and various techniques can be used to remove it, including reverse osmosis and ion exchange resins, but reverse osmosis
Meacho targeting
This study examined how the mechanical state of cells affects their uptake of nanoparticles (NPs). Experiments showed that cellular uptake of NPs decreased with increasing cell stress, counteracting the effect of increased surface area from cell spreading. Malignant cancer cells undergoing metastatic transition on stiff substrates dispersed into low-stress, unspread cells with higher NP uptake compared to non-malignant cells. This mechanical targeting approach could potentially deliver higher payloads of drugs to metastatic cancer cells.
3D tumor spheroid models for in vitro therapeutic screening: a systematic app...
This document describes a study that aimed to identify and validate a cytotoxicity test for large tumor spheroids. Several methods were used to culture 3D tumor spheroids from lung cancer cells. Spheroid size, shape, and heterogeneity were characterized using imaging software. Cell viability was assessed using different assays under drug and radiation treatment. The results showed that spheroid shape and volume influence cytotoxicity assay results. Careful selection of homogeneous, spherical spheroids is important for reliable data in drug screening tests using 3D tumor models.
Difference beween self organization vs assembly
The difference between self-organization vs. assembly
Design and development of nanomaterials for biomolecular detection and cancer...
This document discusses the design and development of nanomaterials for biomolecular detection and cancer therapy. It describes using graphene-protamine conjugates for sensing heparin and graphene/NiO composites for cholesterol sensing. For cancer therapy, it outlines using NMOF/PEG conjugates for drug delivery and ROS therapy, NCTP conjugates for drug delivery and cancer senescence, and PAMAM/5-FU conjugates for targeting oncoproteins. The document examines nanomaterials for improved biomolecular detection and drug delivery for cancer treatment.
Covalent Triazine Polymer–Fe3O4 Nanocomposite for Strontium Ion Removal from ...
A microporous covalent triazine polymer (CTP) is synthesized via a Friedel–Crafts reaction and used as a solid support to immobilize magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that approximately 60 wt % Fe3O4 is loaded onto the composite, and transmission electron microscopy analysis illustrates that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles are uniformly impregnated into the CTP surface. The CTP–Fe3O4 nanocomposite is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of strontium ion (Sr2+) from seawater. Response surface methodology, employed to optimize the removal of Sr2+, confirms that the optimal conditions for this removal are 0.55 mg, pH 7, 40 °C, and 250 min. The experimental results illustrate that the adsorption process fits well with the Freundlich isotherm, with a correlation coefficient of 0.976 and a maximum adsorption capacity of 128 mg g–1. The kinetic study demonstrates that the adsorption behavior follows pseudo-second-order kinetics. The adsorbent is easily recovered from seawater using an external magnetic field, thereby offering facile and economic separation of the adsorbent.
Water pollution lecture
This document discusses various types and sources of water pollution including point sources like factories and nonpoint sources like urban runoff. It describes how pollution can affect water quality and aquatic ecosystems. Key pollutants are discussed such as nutrients, pathogens, and chemicals. Solutions to water pollution problems are presented including improved sewage treatment, use of wetlands, and individual actions people can take to reduce pollution.
Solid waste manag
This document discusses solid waste management and municipal solid waste. It defines solid waste and municipal solid waste. It notes that in 2010, Americans generated 250 million tons of trash and recycled 85 million tons, achieving a 34.1% recycling rate. The EPA regulates solid waste, including garbage and refuse from homes, sludge from wastewater treatment, and discarded materials from industrial operations. The most common methods of municipal solid waste disposal are sanitary landfills and incineration. Sanitary landfills aim to contain waste safely while incineration reduces waste volume but produces air pollution and ash.
air pollution
(1) The document discusses different types of pollution including soil, marine, noise and thermal pollution.
(2) It describes the causes, sources and effects of each type of pollution in detail.
(3) Control measures for different pollutions are also outlined such as use of bioremediation for soil pollution and dispersants for oil pollution.
Nuclear pollution
The document discusses the risks and benefits of nuclear power. It outlines several dangers of nuclear power plants, including radioactive particle release, radioactive isotope pollution, water temperature increases, and the threats of nuclear accidents and terrorism. It also discusses past nuclear incidents at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima. While new safety technologies have been developed, the risk of human error and the potential for accidents remain issues of concern going forward.
Noise pollution
Noise pollution occurs when unwanted sound disrupts normal activities or exceeds levels that affect human health. Transportation systems are a main source of noise pollution in urban areas. Noise pollution can cause health issues like high blood pressure, stress, sleep disruption, and hearing loss. Solutions include planting trees near sound sources, maintaining vehicles and machinery, installing soundproofing in buildings, and enforcing regulations on loud speakers.
Marine pollution
This document discusses various sources and types of marine pollution. The main sources of marine pollution include land-based activities such as agricultural and industrial runoff entering rivers and oceans, air pollution, oil spills, shipping activities, mining, and plastic waste. Some key pollutants discussed are nutrients, sediments, pathogens, chemicals, heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, thermal pollution, noise pollution, and invasive species. The effects of marine pollution include harm to sea life and birds, risks to human health and fisheries/aquaculture industries, eutrophication, hypoxia, and plastic entering the food chain. Control measures discussed focus on containing and cleaning oil spills.
Stirred tank bioreactor
This document provides details on the key components and functioning of a stirred tank bioreactor. It describes the standard geometry of bioreactors including dimensions. It outlines the basic features of a bioreactor including the agitation system, oxygen delivery system, temperature and pH control systems, and cleaning facilities. Specifics are provided on impeller types, mechanical seals, air sterilization methods, positive pressure maintenance, and spargers.
Packed bed reactors
This document discusses various types of reactors used for gas-solid catalytic reactions, with a focus on packed bed reactors. It summarizes:
1) The main types of reactors are adiabatic packed beds, wall cooled tubular reactors, fluidized beds, and risers.
2) Key design considerations for adiabatic packed beds include controlling the adiabatic temperature rise, pressure drop, and explosion potential.
3) Wall cooled tubular reactors require plug flow and careful control of wall cooling to prevent hot spots from forming.
4) Scale up of these reactors aims to maintain the same conditions as the laboratory scale, such as space time and flow distribution. Novel designs and operation methods aim
Steralization
This document discusses various methods for sterilization of liquids and gases. It begins by describing continuous sterilization processes, noting their advantages over batch sterilization. These include simplified production planning and ability to operate at high temperatures for short periods of time. The document then examines different types of continuous sterilization systems and provides an example calculation for sterilizer pipe length. Additional sterilization methods discussed include filtration and various techniques for air sterilization like compression and filtration. Key filtration mechanisms and concerns for air sterilization like pressure drop are also outlined.
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Engineering of a Microscale Niche for Pancreatic Tumor Cells Using Bioactive ...
Engineering of a Microscale Niche for Pancreatic Tumor Cells Using Bioactive ...
A protamine-conjugated gold decorated graphene oxide composite as an electroc...
A protamine-conjugated gold decorated graphene oxide composite as an electroc...
3D tumor spheroid models for in vitro therapeutic screening: a systematic app...
3D tumor spheroid models for in vitro therapeutic screening: a systematic app...
Design and development of nanomaterials for biomolecular detection and cancer...
Design and development of nanomaterials for biomolecular detection and cancer...
Covalent Triazine Polymer–Fe3O4 Nanocomposite for Strontium Ion Removal from ...
Covalent Triazine Polymer–Fe3O4 Nanocomposite for Strontium Ion Removal from ...
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三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptx
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building
Unit-III-ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE DEVICES.ppt
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Computational Engineering IITH Presentation
This Presentation will give you a brief idea about what Computational Engineering at IIT Hyderabad has to offer.
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Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
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Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Generative AI leverages algorithms to create various forms of content
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Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
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Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
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2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf
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3D collagen fibrillar microstructure guides pancreatic cancer cell phenotype and serves as a critical design parameter for phenotypic models of EMT
- 2. Pancreatic cancer One of the deadliest cancers with the survival rate of 5%. Due to high rates of metastasis. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a critical step of metastasis
- 3. Aim The aim of the this work was to design an In vivo-3D tumour ECM model to study the EMT in pancreatic cancer. Objectives PDAC lines differ in EMT phenotype and gemcitabine resistance when cultured on 2D plastic. Stromal ECM drives pancreatic cancer cell morphology and phenotype in 3D matrix. Sensitivity of PDAC lines to gemcitabine depends on 3D matrix type. Oligomer:Matrigel ratio affects matrix microstructure and stiffness. Stromal interstitial matrix stiffness alters PDAC cell phenotype. Stromal interstitial matrix stiffness alters PDAC cell gemcitabine sensitivity and proliferative capacity.
- 4. Actin It is a globular protein , which plays important role in various cellular process.(muscle contraction, cell motility, cell division and cytokinesis, vesicle and organelle movement, cell signaling, and the establishment and maintenance of cell junctions and cell shape). Vimentin Vimentin is a structural protein. Vimentin is a type III intermediate filament. marker of mesenchymally-derived cells or cells undergoing an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). E-cadherin The cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin. This review is dedicated to E-cadherin, a calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule with pivotal roles in epithelial cell behavior, tissue formation.
- 5. Three established pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) lines were embedded within 3D matrices. Changes in their phenotype evaluated. Matrigel a reconstituted BM isolated from Engelbreth-Holm- Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcomas (a tumor rich in basement membrane). Oligomer (ASTM F3089-14) a new soluble collagen subdomain (Oligomer) that retains natural, mature intermolecular crosslinks as well as the uncommon capacity for supra- fibrillar self-assembly. This collagen formulation supports systematic modulation of the physical and biological properties of 3D IM microenvironments.
- 6. More fibril microstructure with the oligomer. Different ratio showed different stiffness. 100pa (oligomer)- promoted various degrees of EMT and mesenchymal behaviour. while Matrigel induced more MET and epithelial behavior
- 7. Oligomer:Matrigel ratio further supported the supposition that Oligomer induced EMT and Matrigel induced MET to an extent that was dependent upon initial PDAC cell phenotype. transitioned from an epithelial morphology to smaller cell clusters or individual cells displaying prominent cytoplasmic projections
- 8. gemcitabine sensitivity of PDAC lines was matrix dependent. When cultured within Oligomer (100 Pa), PDAC lines showed statistically similar(p>0.05) IC50 values, ranging from about 6 to 23 nM. In contrast, when cultured within Matrigel, Panc-1 cells displayed a significantly (p<0.05) higher IC50 value of 72.8±41.3 nM compared to BxPC-3 and MiaPaCa-2 cells which measured 18.3±12.9 nM and 15.4±2.8 nM, respectively
- 9. Increasing collagen-fibril density (matrix stiffness) controls mesenchymal behavior and suggests matrix dependent correlation between S-phase fraction and drug sensitivity. Only IC50 values for BxPC-3 in 100 Pa were statistically (p<0.05) different from 500 Pa and 1000 Pa; however, both lines showed apparent inverted bell-shaped relationships with minima at 500 Pa (Fig 9A). Interestingly, these minima in gemcitabine sensitivity appeared to correlate with maxima in S-phase fraction, also at 500 Pa, albeit with no statistical significance (Fig 9B).
- 10. Conclusion This work serves as a first step in the development of novel in-vitro 3D tumor-ECM models where Oligomer is used as a standardized type I collagen formulation to recreate and customize the IM component. From the foundational understanding of PDAC desmoplasia and EMT gained from these experiments, we can now develop more complex models of pancreatic and other cancers to systematically define the role of other prominent components of the tumor stromal microenvironment and study tumor invasion in more detail. Additionally, the model of matrix-driven EMT created by embedding PDAC cells within Oligomer-based fibril matrices provides a useful tool that can be applied to further mechanistic study. Finally, by developing and applying standardized in-vitro models with defined ECM microenvironments, we are 3D type I collagen physical properties and pancreatic cancer phenotype= moving closer to accurately recreating tumor-stroma interactions and desmoplasia to provide pathophysiologically relevant PDAC models which can be used for phenotypic drug screening to ultimately predict therapeutic response and improve patient outcomes.
Editor's Notes
- Detachment of cells from the basement membrance
- However, limitations associated with Matrigel include: 1) poorly defined molecular composition, 2) lot-to-lot variability (protein concentration and molecular composition), and 3) inability to recapitulate the specific nature of the biochemical and biophysical environment associated with all tumors (lacks type I collagen and in-vivo cross-linking) [28,29].