This document discusses various nanotechnology approaches for cancer diagnosis, including the use of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and nanoflares. Gold nanoparticles can be used for detection through techniques like dynamic light scattering and surface plasmon coupling. Quantum dots and carbon nanotubes can also be functionalized for ultrasensitive detection of cancer biomarkers. Emerging tools like nanoflares allow for detection of genetic targets associated with cancer within living cells. Overall, nanotechnology enables low detection limits and early cancer diagnosis.
Presented by Dr. Miller at the 40th Annual Symposium "Diagnostic and Clinical Challenges of 20th Century Microbes", held on Nov 18, 2010 in Philadelphia.
Biotechnophysics: DNA Nanopore SequencingMelanie Swan
Biophysics (not merely bioengineering) is required to understand the fundamental mechanisms of biology in order to make technologies (bench and bioinformatic) for understanding them
Presented by Dr. Miller at the 40th Annual Symposium "Diagnostic and Clinical Challenges of 20th Century Microbes", held on Nov 18, 2010 in Philadelphia.
Biotechnophysics: DNA Nanopore SequencingMelanie Swan
Biophysics (not merely bioengineering) is required to understand the fundamental mechanisms of biology in order to make technologies (bench and bioinformatic) for understanding them
For many years scientists yearned for the possibility of performing flow cytometry to analyse small bio-nanoparticles that are too small to be measured by conventional and high sensitivity instruments. These entities, extracellular vesicles, gene therapy vectors, viruses and drug delivery particles, are promised to become the next generation of therapeutics, but they have been hard to handle and characterise due to their small size and biological or chemical heterogeneity. There is therefore a strong case for bringing flow cytometry capability to the sub-200nm scale.
NanoFCM has developed the NanoAnalyzer platform that now enables true flow-cytometry measurement at the sub-micron scale, and down to particle sizes unreachable by any other flow cytometers (10-40nm depending on the nature of the substrate). Nano-flow cytometry, the technology that underpins the NanoAnalyzer, removes bias and uncertainty stemming from the use of fluorescence signal triggering by using its highly sensitive side-scatter channel to trigger particle events. The single-particle nature of the measurement prevents uncontrolled swarming events, reinforcing data integrity. High resolution of both scatter and fluorescence channels allows the assessment of subpopulations, based on size or on bio-chemical properties.
Nano-flow cytometry’s ability to measure simultaneously a (bio)-nanoparticle population for size, size distribution and bio-chemical properties on a single instrument dramatically improves data quality and throughput compared to the traditional, multiple-techniques approach involving particle characterisation and counting (DLS, NTA, RPS), combined with chemical and biological function assessment (ELISA, Western Blot, Flow Cytometry, PCR). Quantitative measurement of the active and contaminant particles in a single preparation opens up the possibility of characterisation-based nanomedicine regulatory approval, and allows the conduct of large-scale clinical studies. From the research laboratory to the quality control department, NanoFCM delivers comprehensive bio-nano analysis.
Bionanotechnology and its applications rita martin
Bionanotechnology combination of biotechnology and nanotechnology. Find its applications in various fields Nanotherapeutics, Gene therapy , Immunotherapy, Harmless Viruses, stem cells
Dendrimers is an advanced source of pharmaceutical dosage forms. It improves the ease of drug delivery and better patient compliance. This technique can be used as the prodrug. It can be better used in Anti-Cancer therapy for better results.
CANCER: A REVIEW: WORLD'S SECOND MOST FEARED DIAGNOSISCharu Pundir
It is a basic review presentation on cancer, world's second most dreadful disease followed by cardiovascular events, involving basic defination, pathophysiology, screening methods, types of tumor, tumor origin, cancer cell lines, treatment, recent advancements made in the field and diagnosis.
For many years scientists yearned for the possibility of performing flow cytometry to analyse small bio-nanoparticles that are too small to be measured by conventional and high sensitivity instruments. These entities, extracellular vesicles, gene therapy vectors, viruses and drug delivery particles, are promised to become the next generation of therapeutics, but they have been hard to handle and characterise due to their small size and biological or chemical heterogeneity. There is therefore a strong case for bringing flow cytometry capability to the sub-200nm scale.
NanoFCM has developed the NanoAnalyzer platform that now enables true flow-cytometry measurement at the sub-micron scale, and down to particle sizes unreachable by any other flow cytometers (10-40nm depending on the nature of the substrate). Nano-flow cytometry, the technology that underpins the NanoAnalyzer, removes bias and uncertainty stemming from the use of fluorescence signal triggering by using its highly sensitive side-scatter channel to trigger particle events. The single-particle nature of the measurement prevents uncontrolled swarming events, reinforcing data integrity. High resolution of both scatter and fluorescence channels allows the assessment of subpopulations, based on size or on bio-chemical properties.
Nano-flow cytometry’s ability to measure simultaneously a (bio)-nanoparticle population for size, size distribution and bio-chemical properties on a single instrument dramatically improves data quality and throughput compared to the traditional, multiple-techniques approach involving particle characterisation and counting (DLS, NTA, RPS), combined with chemical and biological function assessment (ELISA, Western Blot, Flow Cytometry, PCR). Quantitative measurement of the active and contaminant particles in a single preparation opens up the possibility of characterisation-based nanomedicine regulatory approval, and allows the conduct of large-scale clinical studies. From the research laboratory to the quality control department, NanoFCM delivers comprehensive bio-nano analysis.
Bionanotechnology and its applications rita martin
Bionanotechnology combination of biotechnology and nanotechnology. Find its applications in various fields Nanotherapeutics, Gene therapy , Immunotherapy, Harmless Viruses, stem cells
Dendrimers is an advanced source of pharmaceutical dosage forms. It improves the ease of drug delivery and better patient compliance. This technique can be used as the prodrug. It can be better used in Anti-Cancer therapy for better results.
CANCER: A REVIEW: WORLD'S SECOND MOST FEARED DIAGNOSISCharu Pundir
It is a basic review presentation on cancer, world's second most dreadful disease followed by cardiovascular events, involving basic defination, pathophysiology, screening methods, types of tumor, tumor origin, cancer cell lines, treatment, recent advancements made in the field and diagnosis.
Nanomaterials in biomedical applicationsumeet sharma
An introduction to emerging technology in medicinal science, "nanodrugs" a fruitful combination of nano-science and medical science. In this presentation, use of nano shells for delivery of drugs to targeted cancer cells has been explained. along with In Vivo and In Vitro studies on use of nanomaterials for biomedical application. For any information please feel free to contact me or refer to the references.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ORAL MEDICINE & RADIOLOGY /prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Nanotechnology and potential in Cancer therapy and treatmentladen12
this presentation focuses on new nanotechnology and it possible use in detection and therapy with cancer. it was prepared by final year biochemistry student at NCU.
Gold Nanoparticles provides target specific drug delivery which ensures proper potency of the cytotoxic drug with minimal side effects as compared to other traditional methods of chemotherapy administration
Identification of Rare and Novel Alleles in FFPE Tumor Samples | ESHG 2015 Po...Thermo Fisher Scientific
Tumors are becoming recognized as genetically heterogeneous masses of cells with different clonal histories. Identifying the mutations present in these heterogeneous masses can lead to important insights into the future behavior of the tumor and possible intervention mechanisms. However, the rarity of pathogenic mutations in small subsets of cells can make identification of such alleles difficult. In this study, we demonstrate a complete workflow that facilitates the identification of rare and novel alleles from FFPE tumor sections. We collected small regions with different cellular morphologies from lung tumor samples using laser capture microdissection, extracted both DNA and RNA from these regions, and characterized mutations present and transcript abundances by using Ion AmpliSeq™ targeted sequencing. We show that LCM facilitates the detection of alleles that are not detectable in macrodissected tissue scrapes. We also show that different regions of a tumor have very different patterns of alleles detectable and have a great deal of genetic diversity. Finally, we show that RNA expression patterns are also clearly different in the different regions. Interestingly, dissected regions with similar gross tissue morphologies display differences in alleles present and RNA expression patterns. These results suggest how we may in the future use this method to analyze mutations present in a tumor is to microdissect different subregions of the tumor, and using Ion AmpliSeq™ panels to identify the alleles present in those subregions.
A part of nanotechnology. Nanosensors is very hot topic for research. As nanosensor has immense applications in the fields like medical, analysis, research etc. Nanosensor recude the cost and also the time require for analysis.
Leveraging nanotechnology and biology for medical diagnostics. Including novel techniques such as immuno-PCR and using phages as reporters, as well as using Izon's qNano to detect DNA hybridization and potential uses in point-of-care applications.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
2. Background& Introduction
Cancer
Development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably which have
the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue.
Techniques to Diagnose
The methods and the procedure involved generally depends on the
locality as well as the type of cancer.
Nanotechnology is one of the emerging
Domain to be used in detection, prevention
And Treatment of Cancer.
4. The design, characterization, production, and application of structures, devices,
and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape at the nanometer scale
(atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scale) that produces structures, devices
and systems with at least one novel/superior characteristic or property.
5. Nanotechnology in cancerDiagnosis
Different techniques which
involves the use of nanoparticles,
nanoprobes and nanofibres are
now used for different purposes
as shown in the figure.
Nanoshells, carbon nanotubes,
quantum dots, supermagnetic
nanoparticles, nano wires,
nanodiamonds, dendrimers, and
recently synthesized nanosponges
are some of the materials used for
cancer detection.
6. Detection By Gnps
GNPs are the colloidal suspension of gold particles of nanometer
sizes.
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been in the bio-imaging spotlight
due to their special optical properties.
GNPs with strong surface-plasmon-enhanced absorption and
scattering have allowed them to emerge as powerful imaging labels
and contrast agents.
They have better absorption and scattering bands than conventional
organic dyes.
7. Gold Nanoparticle-EnabledBloodTest for Early
Stage Cancer Detection
When citrate ligands-capped gold nanoparticles are mixed with blood sera, a protein
corona is formed. Using a two-step gold nanoparticle-enabled dynamic light scattering
assay, we discovered that the amount of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the gold
nanoparticle protein corona is increased in prostate cancer patients compared to
noncancer controls.
8.
9. The future approach
For GNPs as stable and versatile molecular imaging agents, a
complementary oligonucleotide-based approach has been
proposed.
A 5′-thiol-modified and 3′-NH2-modified oligonucleotide was
coated onto the nanoparticles and subsequently conjugated with
anti-EGFR proteins through DNA-DNA hybridization.
Through this study, gold nanoparticles have proven to be effective
reflectance contrast agents for molecular imaging.
10. Surfaceplasmon Coupling
A recent study has been conducted where plasmon resonance
coupling was used for in vivo molecular imaging of carcinogenesis.
Anti-EGFR antibodies were conjugated to gold nanoparticles and
these nanoparticles were used to obtain information on the over-
expression and nanoscale spatial relationship of EGFRs in cell
membranes.
11. Advantage
EGFR-mediated aggregation of GNPs results in color
shift and a contrast ratio much superior than those with
fluorescent dyes when normal and precancerous
epithelium were imaged in vivo.
Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis can also be
used for biomarker sensing. ???
12. Dynamic Light Scattering
A combination of GNPs and gold nanorods conjugated with anti-
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) antibody was used as a one-step
homogeneous immunoassay for cancer biomarker detection.
Through DLS analysis, the relative ratio of nano-particle
aggregate versus non aggregated nano-particles can be measured
quantitatively.
13. And The Modifications
GNP film electrodes have also been proven to be useful in
detecting cancer biomarker proteins. By applying multilabeled
detection antibody-magnetic bead bioconjugates, an ultrasensitive
electrochemical immunosensor for cancer biomarker proteins has
been designed.
14. QUANTUM DOTS
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconducting, light-emitting
nanocrystals that have emerged as a powerful molecular imaging
agent since their discovery.
QDs are an exciting material to work with due to their unique
optical properties compared to traditional organic fluorescent
labels.
15. QDs can be used as signal amplifying agents in ultrasensitive
cancer biomarker detection.
A recent study has been conducted with QD functionalized
nanoparticles in immunoassays, targeting alpha-fetoproteins
(AFPs). CdTe QDs have been coated on SiO2 particles.
Increased amount of QDs per biomarker make the detection more
sensitive, thus enabling detection even at low concentration.
16. UltrasensitiveImmunosensor for Lung Cancer
Biomarker, hTERT
Ultrasensitive Graphene Oxide (GO) based electrochemical
immunosensor to detect human telomerase reverse transcriptase
(hTERT), a lung cancer biomarker.
The immuno-electrode-has been fabricated by covalent
immobilization of rabbit anti-hTERT antibodies (Ab) onto GO
films on ITO coated glass.
The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies
confirms the presence of diverse organic functional groups (-
COOH, -CHO, -OH) of GO, and the binding (anti-hTERT) onto
GO/ITO electrode.
The low level detection of hTERT warrants the realization of point-
of-care device for early detection of lung/oral cancer through oral
fluids
19. Carbon Nanotubes
CNTs have been constantly in the spotlight and have
emerged as a powerful sensing vehicle due to their
exciting properties.
The conductance of the semiconducting CNT changes
when biomolecules are adsorbed on the walls, causing
changes in local electrostatic environment.
Many exceptional properties of CNTs allow them to be
applied for sensing biomarkers electrochemically;
CNTs provide high surface-to-volume ratios, mediate
fast electron-transfer and can be functionalized with
almost any desired chemical species.
20. A multilayered enzyme-coated carbon nanotube design has been studied as an
ultrasensitive chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for detecting AFP in
human serum samples. Horse radish peroxide (HRP) was absorbed into
MWNTs, allowing maximized ratio of HRP/antibodies for sensitivity
enhancement. After separating the MWNT-AFP by applying magnetic beads
with antibodies, bromophenol blue (BPB) and H2O2 was added to the
separated solution. The chemiluminescence reaction was triggered by
injecting luminol into the solution.
21. MWNT functionalized with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FI) and folic
acid (FA) modified amine-terminated dendrimers. FA is for targeting
cancer cells that over-expresses FA receptors and FI dye for imaging.
22. Some Other techniques…
Various nanowires have also been applied to biomarker
detection including silicon nanowires In2O3 nanowires, gold
nanowires conducting polymer nanowires.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), yet another cancer
biomarker, has been detected electrically with functionalized
SiNWs.
A lung cancer biomarker, interleukin-10 (IL-10) and
osteopontin (OPN), has been detected using silica nanowires as
templates, through electrochemical alkaline phosphatase (AP)
assay.
A lung cancer biomarker, interleukin-10 (IL-10) and
osteopontin (OPN), has been detected using silica nanowires as
templates, through electrochemical alkaline phosphatase (AP)
assay.
23.
24. Nanoflare..
A nanoparticle agent that is capable of simultaneously detecting two
distinct mRNA targets inside a living cell. These probes are spherical
nucleic acid (SNA) gold nanoparticle (Au NP) conjugates consisting of
densely packed and highly oriented oligonucleotide sequences
A NanoFlare is designed to recognize a specific genetic code snippet
associated with a cancer. The core nanoparticle, only 13 nanometers in
diameter, enters cells, and the NanoFlare seeks its target. If the genetic
target is present in the cell, the NanoFlare binds to it and the reporter
“flare” is released to produce a fluorescent signal. The researchers then
can isolate those cells.
NanoFlares light up (red clouds)
individual cells if a cancer (in this study,
breast cancer) biomarker (messenger
RNA, blue) is detected by recognition
DNA (green) molecules coated on gold
nanospheres and containing a fluorescent
chemical (red) reporter flare (credit:
Tiffany L. Halo et al./PNAS)
25. CONCLUSION
Nanotechnology has brought revolution in cancer detection and
treatment. It has capability to detect even a single cancerous cell in
vivo and deliver the highly toxic drugs to the cancerous cells
we finally have the ability to understand malfunctions of the most
complex biological systems at the atomic and molecular level.
As we progress further into our research, the ability to devise
progressively more innovative and ingenious atomic-scale
solutions and to make them real will allow us to develop amazingly
complex and effective weapons against any ailment.
However, the field of nanotechnology is still quite young and we
are only beginning to understand its capabilities and potentials.
……………………
26. …..
This review summarized recent developments in cancer
detection methods with an emphasis on nanotechnology
The low detection limit obtained by nanotechnology is
expected to contribute immensely to the early detection and
accurate prognosis of cancers. Since it is of huge importance
to be able to diagnose cancer as early as possible
It must be however noted that these new technologies must be
validated critically before applying them for clinical
diagnosis.
THANKYOU
27. REFERENCES
1) Hahn, W. C.; Weinberg, R. A. Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2002, 2, 331–
341.
2) Liotta, L.; Petricoin, E. Nat. Rev Genet, 2000, 1, 48–56.
3) Henglein, A.; Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 1861–1873.
4) Alivisatos, P.; Nat. Biotechnol, 2004, 22, 47–52.
5) Alivisatos, A .P.; Gu, W. W.; Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2005, 7,
55–76.
6) Golub, T .R.; Slonim, D. K.; Tamayo, P.; Huard, C.;
Gaasenbeek, M.; Science, 1999, 286, 531–537.
7) Woolley, A. T.; Guillemette, C.; Cheung, C. L.; Housman, D. E.;
Lieber, C. M.; Nat.Biotechnol, 2000, 18, 760–763.
8) Hahm, J.; Lieber, C. M.; Nano Lett, 2004, 4, 51–54.
9) Patri, A. K.; Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol, 2002, 6, 466-468.
10) Andresen, T. L.; Prog. Lipid Res, 2005, 44, 68-72.