Defining Abnormality
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in defining and classifying abnormal behavior from a psychopathology perspective. It discusses debates around what constitutes normal versus abnormal behavior and outlines some of the challenges in categorization. Elements used to define abnormality are described, including behaviors that are deviant, distressing, dysfunctional, dangerous, unpredictable or violate social norms. Cultural aspects and the influence of attitudes and stigma are also touched on. A brief history of understanding and treating abnormal behavior is given from ancient to modern times.
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techniques; provides intensive long-term therapy focusing on
unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences
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client
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maladaptive behaviors, emotions, and thought patterns
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39 of 53
Psychoanalysis: Developed by Sigmund Freud; focuses on
unconscious conflicts, early childhood experiences, and
dreams
Long-term, intensive therapy involving free association and
interpretation of transference
Not widely used today due to its length and expense
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In brief the ppt covers the different ways in which disorders are classified in Psychiatry. Describes basics of ICD & DSM also.
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Lecture 18:Abnormality Dr. Reem AlSabah
This document provides an overview of abnormal psychology. It defines abnormality and discusses how abnormal behavior has been viewed throughout history from ancient to modern times. Key topics covered include the classification of mental disorders in the DSM and ICD manuals, specific disorders like mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia, and perspectives on the causes of mental illness like biological, psychological, and social factors. Defenses mechanisms, treatment approaches in ancient times, and what defines normal behavior are also addressed.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by abnormalities in thinking, behavior, and emotion. It is described in a document that outlines the history, symptoms, types, causes, and treatment of schizophrenia. The document discusses how Emil Kraepelin originally identified the disorder in 1896 and called it dementia praecox. It was later renamed schizophrenia by Eugen Bleuler in 1911. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and behavior, negative symptoms like reduced emotional expression, and cognitive impairment. The causes are thought to involve genetic and environmental factors. Treatment involves antipsychotic medications and psychosocial therapies.
1- PCU_ABNORMALPSYCHOLOGY_Historical_Context.pdf
The historical context on abnormal psychology and its background. Abnormal psychology, rooted in ancient civilizations, initially attributed psychological disorders to supernatural forces. The Middle Ages saw a shift towards demonology and religious explanations, while the Renaissance marked the emergence of more humane perspectives. The 19th century witnessed advancements in medical and psychological understanding, paving the way for modern diagnostic approaches in abnormal psychology.
Schizpowerpoint
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that makes it difficult to distinguish between reality and imagination. It has no known single cause but genetics and brain chemistry imbalances are thought to play a role. Symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, and affect around 1% of Americans, typically appearing in young adulthood. It is diagnosed based on symptoms and treated through medication and therapy, though there is no cure.
Psychological Illness @ IPM on 3.4.11
This document provides an overview of various psychological disorders including: anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder; somatoform disorders like hypochondriasis and conversion disorder; dissociative disorders like amnesia and dissociative identity disorder; mood disorders like depression; schizophrenic disorders; and personality disorders like borderline personality disorder. For each disorder, key symptoms and findings from related studies are described. The document also discusses models of abnormality, diagnosis of disorders, and comorbidity between disorders.
Psychological Disorders .pdf
Here is a summary of the key aspects of CBT based on the information provided:
- CBT is a blend of cognitive and behavioral therapeutic strategies that acknowledges both thoughts and behaviors can influence psychological disorders.
- It is problem-focused and action-oriented - therapists help clients identify specific strategies to address problems like reducing panic attacks or returning to work after depression.
- Clients are expected to actively engage in exercises and practices like keeping thought journals to monitor symptoms.
- The ABC model is one CBT technique where clients record the activating event, their beliefs and interpretations of the event, and the consequences or emotional/behavioral responses.
- For the girl concerned about public speaking, the therapist asked questions to understand
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses Erving Goffman's critique of the positivist approach to mental illness. Goffman viewed mental illness as a social construct rather than a biological disease. He argued that behaviors are defined and labeled as mental illnesses based on social and cultural norms. Once labeled as mentally ill, individuals internalize this identity and are subjected to greater social control through institutionalization and the "stripping" of their personality. The document also discusses how social factors like class, gender, and family dynamics can influence who is labeled as mentally ill.
Phsychological Disorders
This document summarizes the history of psychological disorders and their treatment. It discusses early beliefs that abnormal behavior was caused by demons or humoral imbalances. It then describes the introduction of more humane care in asylums in the 16th century and early psychological explanations proposed by Mesmer involving magnetic fluids. The development of diagnostic systems like the DSM is outlined as well as the role of psychopharmacology and specific disorders like depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and ADHD. Causes proposed for different disorders include physiological, cognitive, and psychoanalytic explanations.
Chapter 11
Psychological disorders are characterized by distressing symptoms that impair daily functioning. They are not the same as insanity or abnormality, which have legal or cultural definitions. Psychological disorders are explained by factors including genetics, brain structure/function, personality traits, and environment. They are categorized in the DSM-IV, including mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, dissociative disorders, and personality disorders. Explaining and treating psychological disorders involves understanding biological, psychological, and social factors.
Psicopatologia
This document provides an overview of psychopathology and mental disorders. It discusses definitions and classifications of mental disorders, as well as diagnosis. Specific disorders like schizophrenia and mood disorders are examined in more detail. For schizophrenia, it describes symptoms, course, heritability, neuroanatomical deficits, and treatment approaches. For mood disorders, it distinguishes between depression and mania, provides DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder, and discusses prevalence and causal factors. Biological, psychological, and social aspects of mental disorders are considered throughout.
What is Mental Health?
Hard-hitting presentation about what is mental health with statistics that will open your eyes that this issue might be closer to home thank you think!
By Alison Roberts
Ch15 - Abnormal Behavior
The document provides an overview of psychological disorders including their historical perspectives, definitions, causes, diagnoses, and prevalence. It discusses how disorders were traditionally viewed and treated, defines what constitutes a psychological disorder today, and describes several major categories of disorders like anxiety disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. Key classification systems like the DSM-IV-TR are also summarized that are used to diagnose and categorize different psychological conditions.
PsychologicalDisorders12Enduring Issues inPsychologica.docx
Psychological
Disorders12
Enduring Issues in
Psychological Disorders
Perspectives on
Psychological Disorders
• Historical Views of
Psychological Disorders
• The Biological Model
• The Psychoanalytic Model
• The Cognitive–Behavioral
Model
• The Diathesis–Stress Model
and Systems Theory
• The Prevalence of
Psychological Disorders
• Mental Illness and the Law
• Classifying Abnormal
Behavior
Mood Disorders
• Depression
• Suicide
• Mania and Bipolar Disorder
• Causes of Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
• Specific Phobias
• Panic Disorder
• Other Anxiety Disorders
• Causes of Anxiety Disorders
Psychosomatic and
Somatoform Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Sexual and Gender-Identity
Disorders
Personality Disorders
Schizophrenic Disorders
• Types of Schizophrenic
Disorders
• Causes of Schizophrenia
Childhood Disorders
Gender and Cultural
Differences in Psychological
Disorders
• Gender Differences
• Cultural Differences
O V E R V I E W
IS
B
N
1-256-37427-X
Understanding Psychology, Ninth Edition, by Charles G. Morris and Albert A. Maisto. Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright © 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.
J
ack was a very successful chemical engineer known for the
meticulous accuracy of his work. But Jack also had a “little
quirk.” He constantly felt compelled to double-, triple-, and
even quadruple-check things to assure himself that they were
done properly. For instance, when leaving his apartment in the
morning, he occasionally got as far as the garage—but invariably
he would go back to make certain that the door was securely
locked and the stove, lights, and other appliances were all turned
off. Going on a vacation was particularly difficult for him because
his checking routine was so exhaustive and time-consuming. Yet
Jack insisted that he would never want to give up this chronic
checking. Doing so, he said, would make him “much too nervous.”
For Claudia, every day was more than just a bad-hair day.
She was always in utter despair over how “hideous” her hair
looked. She perceived some parts of it to be too long, and others
to be too short. In her eyes, one area would look much too
“poofy,” while another area would look far too flat. Claudia got
up early each morning just to work on her hair. For about 2 hours
she would wash it, dry it, brush it, comb it, curl it, straighten it,
and snip away infinitesimal amounts with an expensive pair of
hair-cutting scissors. But she was never satisfied with the
391
results. Not even trips to the most expensive salons could make
her feel content about her hair. She declared that virtually every
day was ruined because her hair looked so bad. Claudia said
that she desperately wanted to stop focusing on her hair, but for
some reason she just couldn’t.
Jonathan was a 22-year-old auto mechanic whom everyone
described as a loner. He seldom engaged in conversation and
seemed lost in his own private world. At work, the other
mechanics took to whistling sharply whenever they wanted to
get his a ...
Ch12 notespsychdisorders(postversion2)
This document provides information on several mental disorders, including bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobic disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociative identity disorder, depersonalization disorder, schizophrenia, and their symptoms and prevalence. It discusses the genetic and environmental factors involved in several of these conditions. Key facts include that bipolar disorder involves mood swings from mania to depression, anxiety disorders range from normal anxiety to more severe forms, and schizophrenia causes distortions in thoughts, perceptions, and emotions.
chapter12.ppt
This document provides an overview of various psychological disorders including:
- Definitions of psychological disorders and their prevalence. Key symptoms and possible origins are described for schizophrenia, mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, and personality disorders.
- Specific disorders covered in more depth include schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociative identity disorder, and borderline personality disorder.
- Biological, psychological, and social factors that may contribute to the development and expression of these disorders are also discussed.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects approximately 0.85% of the world's population. It has been studied since the early 20th century, with theorists proposing genetic, biochemical, neurological, psychological, and social factors as potential causes. Diagnosis involves symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking. Treatment includes antipsychotic medications and psychosocial therapies.
Lecture 5-schizophrenia. presentation,senior
This document provides information on schizophrenia, including its definition, prevalence, causes, symptoms, types, and treatment. Some key points:
- Schizophrenia is a severe psychotic disorder marked by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self and behavior.
- About 1% of people will develop schizophrenia, most often appearing between ages 15-30. Genetic factors are strongly implicated in its causes.
- Symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, negative symptoms like reduced emotional expression.
- Treatment involves antipsychotic medications to manage acute symptoms and prevent relapse, as well as psychosocial therapies to address functional impairments. Prognosis
Notes psychological disorders
The document discusses psychological disorders and provides information about several types of disorders:
1) It describes obsessive-compulsive disorder and gives an example of someone diagnosed with it.
2) It discusses different approaches to understanding psychological disorders such as the medical model and biopsychosocial approach.
3) It summarizes several types of psychological disorders including anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, and mood disorders.
Personality 2
1. Psychological disorders include mental illnesses that cause significant distress or impairment in daily life. Diagnosis can be subjective and cultural factors influence definitions of disorders.
2. The DSM-IV provides official categorization of psychological disorders in the US using a 5-axis model addressing clinical disorders, personality disorders, medical conditions, psychosocial stressors, and level of functioning.
3. Hypothesized causes of psychological disorders are often speculative and complex, with multiple genetic and environmental factors interacting in each case.
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This document provides an overview of psychological disorders, including their historical and modern perspectives, classifications in the DSM, and descriptions of specific disorders like anxiety disorders, mood disorders, personality disorders, dissociative disorders, and schizophrenia. It discusses the bio-psycho-social model for understanding disorders and covers topics like genetics, environment, and brain abnormalities in relation to schizophrenia.
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Assessment & Diagnosis
This document discusses clinical assessment and diagnosis in psychopathology. It covers the goals of assessment to understand abnormal behavior and help individuals. Assessment tools discussed include standardized clinical interviews and psychological tests that measure traits, responses, physiology, neurology, and intelligence. The document also addresses the reliability and validity of diagnostic classifications and treatments. Effectiveness of treatment is examined, finding that therapy is generally more helpful than no treatment and certain combined approaches show promise.
Assessment & Diagnosis
The document discusses clinical assessment and diagnosis in psychopathology. It describes the goals of assessment as understanding how and why a person is behaving abnormally and how they can be helped. Assessment tools should be standardized, reliable, and valid. Clinical interviews and psychological tests are common forms of assessment. Treatment decisions are based on assessment and diagnosis to determine an appropriate treatment plan. Research shows that therapy is generally effective compared to no treatment, and certain therapies are effective for specific disorders.
Viewpoints on Psychopathology
The document discusses four major paradigms in psychopathology: biological, psychoanalytic, cognitive, and behavioral. The biological paradigm views abnormal behavior as linked to physical causes and malfunctions in the brain or body. It examines brain structure, biochemistry, genetics, and treats disorders with drugs, electroconvulsive therapy, or psychosurgery. The psychoanalytic paradigm views behavior as linked to underlying psychological forces and examines psychosexual development, fixation at developmental stages, and defense mechanisms. The cognitive paradigm looks at how information is processed and views abnormal behavior as resulting from interpretations and thinking patterns. The behavioral paradigm views abnormal behavior as learned through conditioning or modeling and examines classical and operant conditioning in psychopathology.
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