This document discusses various systems for classifying mental disorders. It describes the ICD-10 classification system from the WHO which organizes disorders into categories. It also describes the DSM-5 system used in the US which previously used a multi-axial system but now combines the axes. The purposes of classification are to aid in diagnosis, communication, research and treatment. The document also briefly outlines an Indian system which broadly divides disorders into categories like psychosis, neurosis and special disorders.

1. Prepared by: Ms. Snehal Kapadiya
M.Sc (N)
ACON
CLASSIFICATION OF
MENTAL DISORDERS

2. Definition of mental health:
 Mental health refers to cognitive, behavioral, and
emotional well-being. It is all about how people
think, feel, and behave. People sometimes use
the term “mental health” to mean the absence of
a mental disorder.
 Mental health can affect daily living, relationships,
and physical health.

3. Definition of Mental Health
Nursing:
 Mental health nursing, also known as psychiatric
nursing, is a specialized field of nursing practice
that involves the care of individuals with a mental
health disorder to help them recover and improve
their quality of life.

4.  Mental health nurses have advanced knowledge
of the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of
psychiatric disorders that helps them provide
specialized care. They typically work alongside
other health professionals in a medical team with
the aim of providing the optimal clinical outcomes
for the patient.

5. Classification:
 Classification is a process by which complex
phenomenon are organized into categories,
classes or ranks so as to bring together those
things that most resemble each other and to
separate those that differ.

6. Purpose of classification:
 Make generally acceptable diagnosis
 Provides standardized vocabulatory that permits
effective communication between psychiatrists,
other doctors and professionals.
 Makes generalizations in treatment response,
course and prognosis of individual patients.
 Makes framework for research in psychiatry.

7. CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL
DISORDERS:
1) ICD 10 CLASSIFICATION
2) DSM 5 CLASSIFICATION
3) INDIAN CLASSIFICATION

8. ICD10 classification
 This is WHO,S classification for all disease and
related health problems.
 The chapter ‘F’ classifies psychiatric disorders
and codes them on an alphanumerical system
from F00 to F99.

9. The main categories are:
F00-F09 ORGANIC, INCLUDING SYMPTOMATIC, MENTAL
DISORDERS
F10-F19 MENTAL AND BEHAVIOR DISORDERS DUE TO
PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USE
F20-F29 SCHIZOPHRENIA, SCHIZOTYPAL AND DELUSIONAL
DISORDERS
F30-F39 MOOD DISORDERS
F40-F48 NEUROTIC, STRESS-RELATED AND SOMATOFORM
DISORDERS
F50-F59 BEHAVIORAL SYNDROMES ASSOCIATED WITH
PHYSIOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES AND PHYSICAL
FACTORS
F60-F69 DISORDERS OF ADULT PERSONALITY AND BEHAVIOR
F70-F79 MENTAL RETARDATION
F80-F89 DISORDERS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
F90-F98 BEHAVIORAL AND EMOTIONAL DISORDERS WITH ONSET
USUALLY OCCURRING IN CHILDHOOD AND
ADOLESCENCE

10. DSM-5 CLASSIFICATION
 The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental
disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) was published on
may 18, 2013, overriding the DSM-IV-TR. In the
united states, the DSM serves as a universal
authority for psychiatric diagnosis.
 Treatment recommendations, as well as payment
by health care providers, are often determined by
DSM classifications, so the appearance of a new
version has significant practice importance.

11.  Until now, DSM has organized clinical
assessment into five areas or axes, addressing
the different aspects and impacts of any disorder.
The five axis of DSM classification is:

12. Axis I: Clinical psychiatric diagnosis
Axis II: personality disorders and mental
retardation
Axis III: general medical conditions
Axis IV: psychosocial and environmental
problems
Axis V: global assessment of functioning in
current year and past year

13. Axis I: Clinical
psychiatric diagnosis
 This is the top-level diagnosis that usually
represents the acute symptoms that need
treatment.
- e.g., major depressive episode, schizophrenic
episode, panic attack.

14. Axis II: Personality Disorders and
mental retardation
Axis II is the assessment of personality
disorders and intellectual disabilities.
These disorders are usually life-long
problems that first arise in childhood,
Axis II disorders are accompanied by
considerable social stigma because they are
suffered by people who often fail to adapt well
to society.

15. Axis III - General
Medical Conditions
 Axis III describes physical problems that may
be relevant to diagnosing and treating mental
disorders.
 For example, a patient with an Axis I
diagnosis of mood disorder who also had
glaucoma, would have the glaucoma recorded
on Axis IV; the pain and increasing blindness
of glaucoma could be a relevant factor
influencing depression.

16. Axis IV Psychosocial and
Environmental Problems
Axis IV is fairly easy to understand:
essentially, it is for recording life events - e.g.
marriage, new job, death of a loved one - that
may affect a patient's mental health diagnosis
and treatment.
For example, someone with an Axis I
diagnosis of depression who had recently lost
their job would have "job loss" or
"unemployment" recorded on Axis IV.

17. Axis V - Global Assessment
of Functioning in current and past
one year
 A reflection of the evaluating clinician's
judgment of a patient's ability to function in
daily life. The 100 point scale measures
psychological, social and occupational
functioning.

18.  The multiaxial system was introduced to help
guide clinical assessment and ensure adequate
attention to all mental disorders.
 But serious problems emerged, which have had
negative consequences for clinicians, patients
and researchers alike. To address these issues,
DSM-5 classification uses unified system of
clinical assessment that is aligned with
international classification system.
 It combines the first three axes into one that
contains all mental and other medical diagnosis.
Doing so removes artificial distinctions among
conditions, benefitting both clinical practice and
research use.

19. The diagnostic criteria and codes in
DSM-5:
1.2.1 Neurodevelopmental disorder
1.2.2 Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic
disorders
1.2.3 Bipolar and related disorders
1.2.4 Depressive disorder
1.2.5 Anxiety disorders
1.2.6 Obsessive-compulsive and related disorder
1.2.7 Trauma- and stressor- related disorder
1.2.8 Dissociative disorder
1.2.9 Somatic symptom and related disorders
1.2.10 feeding and eating disorders

20. Continue….
1.2.11 Sleep-wake disorders
1.2.12 Sexual dysfunction
1.2.13 Gender Dysphoria
1.2.14 Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct
disorders
1.2.15 Substance- related and addictive disorders
1.2.16 Neurocognitive disorders
1.2.17 Paraphilic disorders
1.2.18 personality disorders

21. INDIAN CLASSIFICATION
 In India, Neki (1963) Wig and Singer (1967),
Vahia (1961) and Varma (1971) have attempted
some some modification of ICD8 to suit indian
conditions. They broadly devided the disorders of
mental health,
 In everyday practice, classification is made after
the history and examination of mental state have
been completed.

22. A
PSYCHOSIS
Functional Affective organic
Simple a. Mania a.
acute
Hebephrenic b. Depression b.
chronic
Catatonic
Paranoid

23. B
NEUROSIS
- Anxiety neurosis
- Depressive neurosis
- Hysterical neurosis
- Obsessive compulsive neurosis
- Phobic neurosis

24. C.
SPECIAL DISORDERS
Childhood disorders
- conduct disorder
- emotional disorder
Personality disorders
- sociopath
- psychopath
Substance abuse
- alcohol abuse
- drug abuse

25. Psycho-physiological disorders
- asthma
- psoriasis
Mental retardation
- Mild
- Moderate
- Severe
- Profound