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This document discusses Erving Goffman's critique of the positivist approach to mental illness. Goffman viewed mental illness as a social construct rather than a biological disease. He argued that behaviors are defined and labeled as mental illnesses based on social and cultural norms. Once labeled as mentally ill, individuals internalize this identity and are subjected to greater social control through institutionalization and the "stripping" of their personality. The document also discusses how social factors like class, gender, and family dynamics can influence who is labeled as mentally ill.
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SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Mental illness has been viewed and defined in various ways throughout history. Currently, there are three main perspectives: social realism sees mental illness as a real medical problem; social constructionism believes mental illness is defined differently in various cultures with no absolute truth; and labeling theory holds that powerful groups like psychiatrists label and negatively define less powerful groups like the mentally ill. Once labeled, others will view everything a person does through the lens of their supposed illness. Labelling can have negative effects as it shapes a person's identity and interactions. Social factors like poverty, gender roles, racism, and institutionalization may also contribute to mental health issues.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document defines and discusses key concepts related to health, illness, and mental illness from a sociological perspective. It addresses how health and illness are defined medically, traditionally, and by laypersons. It also examines functionalist explanations of illness, questioning of the medical model, examining the social construction of the body, and concepts of disability and stigma. The document further discusses health inequalities related to geography, social class, gender, ethnicity, and internationally. It analyzes theoretical perspectives on inequalities in health services and debates around defining and understanding mental illness.
Stigma and mental illness
The document discusses stigma associated with mental illness. It notes that stigma involves negative stereotypes and attitudes that label people with mental illness as less worthy. These attitudes are perpetuated by misrepresentations in media and a lack of understanding. The document outlines various factors that contribute to stigma, including fear, economic issues, lack of treatment facilities, and cultural beliefs. It also discusses the negative impacts of self-stigma, discrimination, and social exclusion that people with mental illness often face. Interventions like social contact and education are mentioned as ways to potentially help address stigma.
Antisocial Personality Disorder
This is a project for a high school AP Psychology course. This is a fictionalized account of having a psychological ailment. For questions about this blog project or its content, please email the teacher, Laura Astorian: laura.astorian@cobbk12.org
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by an inability to differentiate between right and wrong, pathological lying, manipulative behavior, and egocentrism. It is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors such as childhood conduct disorders, abuse, and family dysfunction. Those with this disorder often engage in violent, reckless or criminal behavior that can harm themselves or others. Treatment options include psychotherapy and medication but the disorder itself is difficult to treat.
Cluster B personality disorders
Cluster B personality disorders include antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic, and borderline personality disorders. They are characterized by dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors. Genetic and biological factors may contribute to their development. Diagnosis involves assessments of unstable relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulsivity. Management includes therapy like CBT and medications to control related symptoms. These disorders can cause relationship, work, and health problems if left untreated.
Psychosocial: Suicide
The document discusses suicidal behavior and risk factors. It notes that suicidal behavior can include drug and alcohol abuse, sexual promiscuity, and socially deviant acts. Risk factors include depression, substance abuse, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, impulsivity, hopelessness, loss, lack of social support, and physical illnesses. It is important for nurses to assess each patient's suicidal risk and the best predictor is a previous suicide attempt. The priority is maintaining the patient's safety.
Aspd
Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a lack of care for others' rights and feelings. Symptoms typically begin in childhood or adolescence and continue into adulthood. People with ASPD are arrogant, lack remorse, and disregard others' safety. Treatments include psychotherapy focused on helping patients understand their behavior, cognitive therapy, medication to reduce aggression, addiction counseling, and incarceration for severe cases.
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SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Mental illness has been viewed and defined in various ways throughout history. Currently, there are three main perspectives: social realism sees mental illness as a real medical problem; social constructionism believes mental illness is defined differently in various cultures with no absolute truth; and labeling theory holds that powerful groups like psychiatrists label and negatively define less powerful groups like the mentally ill. Once labeled, others will view everything a person does through the lens of their supposed illness. Labelling can have negative effects as it shapes a person's identity and interactions. Social factors like poverty, gender roles, racism, and institutionalization may also contribute to mental health issues.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document defines and discusses key concepts related to health, illness, and mental illness from a sociological perspective. It addresses how health and illness are defined medically, traditionally, and by laypersons. It also examines functionalist explanations of illness, questioning of the medical model, examining the social construction of the body, and concepts of disability and stigma. The document further discusses health inequalities related to geography, social class, gender, ethnicity, and internationally. It analyzes theoretical perspectives on inequalities in health services and debates around defining and understanding mental illness.
Stigma and mental illness
The document discusses stigma associated with mental illness. It notes that stigma involves negative stereotypes and attitudes that label people with mental illness as less worthy. These attitudes are perpetuated by misrepresentations in media and a lack of understanding. The document outlines various factors that contribute to stigma, including fear, economic issues, lack of treatment facilities, and cultural beliefs. It also discusses the negative impacts of self-stigma, discrimination, and social exclusion that people with mental illness often face. Interventions like social contact and education are mentioned as ways to potentially help address stigma.
Antisocial Personality Disorder
This is a project for a high school AP Psychology course. This is a fictionalized account of having a psychological ailment. For questions about this blog project or its content, please email the teacher, Laura Astorian: laura.astorian@cobbk12.org
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by an inability to differentiate between right and wrong, pathological lying, manipulative behavior, and egocentrism. It is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors such as childhood conduct disorders, abuse, and family dysfunction. Those with this disorder often engage in violent, reckless or criminal behavior that can harm themselves or others. Treatment options include psychotherapy and medication but the disorder itself is difficult to treat.
Cluster B personality disorders
Cluster B personality disorders include antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic, and borderline personality disorders. They are characterized by dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors. Genetic and biological factors may contribute to their development. Diagnosis involves assessments of unstable relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulsivity. Management includes therapy like CBT and medications to control related symptoms. These disorders can cause relationship, work, and health problems if left untreated.
Psychosocial: Suicide
The document discusses suicidal behavior and risk factors. It notes that suicidal behavior can include drug and alcohol abuse, sexual promiscuity, and socially deviant acts. Risk factors include depression, substance abuse, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, impulsivity, hopelessness, loss, lack of social support, and physical illnesses. It is important for nurses to assess each patient's suicidal risk and the best predictor is a previous suicide attempt. The priority is maintaining the patient's safety.
Aspd
Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a lack of care for others' rights and feelings. Symptoms typically begin in childhood or adolescence and continue into adulthood. People with ASPD are arrogant, lack remorse, and disregard others' safety. Treatments include psychotherapy focused on helping patients understand their behavior, cognitive therapy, medication to reduce aggression, addiction counseling, and incarceration for severe cases.
Depression suicide presentation
This document discusses depression, suicide risk factors, warning signs, and prevention strategies among children and adolescents. Some key findings include that depression onset is occurring earlier, and it often coexists with other disorders. Research estimates that 28% of adolescents will experience depression, and up to 7% of those who develop major depression may attempt suicide. Risk factors include stress, loss, family history, and untreated psychological disorders. Warning signs can include threats, previous attempts, depression, risk-taking behaviors, and fascination with death. Prevention strategies involve education, screening, intervention, referral, and developing a supportive school environment.
Stigma related to mental health | Psychology course Research project presenta...
Stigma related to mental health | Psychology course Research project presenta...Hafiz Muhammad Huzaifah Punjani
The research report Presentation addresses the stigma related to the mental health in our society. This study was intended to increase understanding of peoples’ views of mental illness by developing and administering measures of knowledge and attitudes of people toward mental illnesses.
The research conducted through questionnaires regarding the mental health stigma is reviewed and analyzed that indicates that the majority of the general public holds negative stereotypes towards people with psychological problems.
Hence, a model has been proposed to illustrate what are the peoples’ attitudes towards and knowledge about the mental health, why is it a taboo to talk about this topic, how can this stigma prevent the people from getting help for the psychological difficulties and solutions for reducing and dealing with the mental health stigma are discussed.
FAST-NU
COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
PSYCHOLOGY
COURSE INSTRUCTOR: Miss sumarah rashid
Section: GR-4
Group members:
Taban Shaukat 16K3937
Huzaifah Punjani 16K3924
Anas Bin Faisal 16K4064
Abeer Zehra 16K4068
Maria Ahmed 16K4058
STIGMA OF MENTAL HEALTH
Mental health stigma can be divided into two distinct types: social stigma is characterized by prejudicial attitudes and discriminating behaviour directed towards individuals with mental health problems as a result of the psychiatric label they have been given. In contrast, perceived stigma or self-stigma is the internalizing by the mental health sufferer of their perceptions of discrimination (Link, Cullen, Struening & Shrout, 1989), and perceived stigma can significantly affect feelings of shame and lead to poorer treatment outcomes (Perlick, Rosenheck, Clarkin, Sirey et al., 2001).
Concepts of stigma and its relevance in Mental Health
Stigma, its different types, psycho social theories and studies related to stigma, different tools to assess stigma
Suicide Prevention and Addiction - January 2014
“Suicide Prevention and Addiction” was presented on Tuesday January 28, 2014; by Raymond Dalton, MA; Dawn Farm Outpatient Services Coordinator. There is an alarmingly high prevalence of suicide among people with addiction and people in early recovery. This program will raise awareness of the signs of suicidal thinking and describe ways to offer support and obtain help for people who may be contemplating suicide. Viewers will learn how to recognize suicidal thinking, reach out and offer support to others contemplating suicide, obtain help when suicidal thoughts are present, and access local and national suicide prevention and intervention resources. This program is part of the Dawn Farm Education Series, a FREE, annual workshop series developed to provide accurate, helpful, hopeful, practical, current information about chemical dependency, recovery, family and related issues. The Education Series is organized by Dawn Farm, a non-profit community of programs providing a continuum of chemical dependency services. For information, please see http://www.dawnfarm.org/programs/education-series.
N4205 stigma
This document discusses stigma related to mental illness. It begins by defining stigma as prejudices related to having a mental illness, as coined by Goffman. Throughout history, madness has been seen as a perverted will or symptoms of animal instincts. The document then discusses the stigma faced by the character Hester in The Scarlet Letter, who is forced to wear a badge of humiliation but refuses to let others determine her identity. Key aspects of stigma are discussed, including its visible, controllable, and impactful nature. Public stigma impacts life goals like employment and independence, while self-stigma causes social isolation and low self-esteem. Changing stigma requires targeted approaches like contact-based programs and addressing discriminatory attitudes and behaviors
Antisocial powerpoint
The document discusses antisocial personality disorder, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis criteria, treatment options, and prevention strategies. Key points include: Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by disregard for others' rights and failure to conform to social norms. Causes may include genetics and childhood abuse/neglect. Symptoms can include aggression, impulsiveness, lack of empathy/remorse. Treatment focuses on developing interpersonal skills and compliance with medication/therapy, though outcomes are often poor. Early intervention for children showing antisocial behaviors may help prevent full disorder development.
Anti social personality disorders
Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for others, impulsive behavior, lack of guilt or remorse. It typically begins in childhood as antisocial conduct disorder, involving aggressive, destructive, or rule-breaking behavior. Symptoms include antisocial and impulsive behavior, disregard for societal standards, and no indication of fear or guilt. Potential causes include abnormal brain function, unstable childhood environments, and smoking during pregnancy. Treatment options include psychotherapy, institutionalization, group therapy, medications, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Psychopath And Antisocial Personality Disorder Slide Presentation
While psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder share many similar characteristics, they are considered separate constructs. Antisocial personality disorder is defined in the DSM-IV as a pattern of disregard for social norms and laws, while psychopathy is not officially recognized as a disorder but refers to profound affective and interpersonal deficits leading to antisocial behavior. Both can be assessed through various tests and scales, but only antisocial personality disorder is categorized as a disorder in the DSM-IV.
Bipolar disorder
This document provides information about bipolar disorder, including its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and management. Some key points:
- Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness characterized by extreme mood swings from mania to depression. It has a significant public health impact due to high treatment costs and non-adherence to medication.
- Symptoms of mania include inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, and risky behavior. Symptoms of depression include low mood, loss of interest, and changes in appetite and sleep.
- Causes are thought to involve genetic and biological factors like neurotransmitter levels. Stressful life events can also trigger episodes.
- Treatment involves medication
Personality disorders
Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by an abnormal disregard for others and a lack of empathy. People with this disorder often violate the rights of others and do not comply with social norms. Key symptoms include manipulation, lack of guilt, impulsivity, and aggression. There is no known single cause, but factors like childhood abuse, neglect, and a family history of personality disorders are linked to its development. Left untreated, people with antisocial personality disorder are at high risk of criminal behavior, substance abuse, and physical harm.
Psychological abuse
Psychological abuse refers to a series of repeated incidents that insult, humiliate, threaten, degrade, isolate or control another person. It can occur intentionally or unintentionally. Psychological abuse often follows a cycle of tension building, an incident of abuse, reconciliation, and calm before tension begins building again. It can occur within families, partnerships, or the workplace. Risk factors include emotional abuse of children, poverty, substance abuse, and male-dominated or religious societies that promote abuse. Solutions include the victim seeking help, establishing mental stability through therapy, and the abuser receiving counseling depending on legal rulings.
PSYA4 Addiction - latest
This document discusses various aspects of addiction including defining addiction, models of addictive behavior, and factors that influence addiction. It covers biological, cognitive, and social learning theories of addiction. The biological model emphasizes genetics and brain chemistry, noting specific genes linked to addiction initiation and maintenance. Cognitive models explore how expectancies and faulty thinking patterns can lead to addiction. Social learning theory examines how addiction can develop through observational learning and reinforcement. The document also addresses individual differences in vulnerability to addiction like personality and stress, as well as social influences of peers, age, and media portrayals of addictive behaviors.
Lecture 3 Personality Disorders 1
This document provides an overview of personality disorders, including their characteristic features and clusters. It describes the typical presentations of several specific personality disorders like paranoid, schizoid, borderline, narcissistic, and dependent personality disorder. It notes that personality disorders are generally chronic conditions and treatment focuses on managing associated symptoms rather than curing the underlying disorder itself. Medication is used cautiously due to risk of addiction.
Personality disorders
This document provides an overview of personality disorders, including definitions, types, causes, and treatment approaches. It defines a personality disorder as an enduring pattern of inner experiences and behaviors that deviate significantly from cultural expectations and cause distress or impairment. Five classical types are described in detail: schizoid, paranoid, antisocial, histrionic, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Personality disorders are influenced by biological, social, and psychological factors. Treatment involves psychotherapy tailored to the individual, as well as medication for any concurrent disorders or uncontrollable behaviors. The overall goal is to improve social and vocational functioning.
Antisocial personality disorders
Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for others, impulsive behavior, lack of guilt or remorse. It begins in childhood as antisocial conduct disorder and continues into adulthood. The causes are thought to include abnormal brain function, unstable childhood environments, and smoking during pregnancy which can cause fetal brain damage. Treatment includes psychotherapy, institutionalization, incarceration, group therapy, medications, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Psychopathy
A psychopath is someone who interacts with others as objects to achieve their own goals without regard for others. They lack empathy and remorse. Psychopathy is characterized by behaviors like manipulation, impulsivity, aggression, recklessness, irresponsibility and failure to plan. Most psychopaths experienced abuse or neglect as children from criminal or aggressive parents. Jeffrey Dahmer was a notorious serial killer and psychopath who murdered 17 men and boys between 1978 and 1991, dismembering and sometimes cannibalizing his victims. He was diagnosed with a dangerous personality and sentenced to over 900 years in prison, where he was later beaten to death by another inmate.
Social Phobia
Social Phobia, also called Social Anxiety Disorder, is characterized by an intense fear of experiencing humiliation in social situations.
Mental Health Stigma
This document provides an overview of stigma reduction strategies and interventions that have been implemented for various health conditions. It begins by defining the key concepts of strategies and interventions, noting that interventions derive from strategies. It then reviews stigma reduction strategies that have been used for HIV/AIDS, leprosy, tuberculosis, mental illness, epilepsy, and disability. Common strategies include education, contact, counseling, advocacy, and legal/policy reforms. The document concludes that while many interventions have been implemented, there is still limited evidence on the effectiveness of the strategies, and more evaluation work needs to be done.
Suicide
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common problems
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How sutherland became the father of white collar
Edwin Sutherland, born in 1888 in Nebraska, became interested in criminology after being influenced by his state's Populist movement which sought to protect workers and farmers from corporations. As an academic, Sutherland introduced the idea of "white collar crime" in 1939 to describe nonviolent crimes committed by people of high socioeconomic status. He argued these crimes were best explained by differential association theory, which says criminal behavior is learned through social interactions, rather than individual traits like poverty. Sutherland is now considered the father of white collar crime studies.
Socialization
George Herbert Mead and Charles Cooley contributed theories about how socialization shapes one's sense of self. Mead recognized that individuals develop a distinct identity through social interaction that sets them apart from others. Cooley's concept of the looking glass self described how people understand themselves based on perceiving how others react to and judge them. Socialization not only transmits culture but plays a role in developing one's self-concept throughout their lives.
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Depression suicide presentation
This document discusses depression, suicide risk factors, warning signs, and prevention strategies among children and adolescents. Some key findings include that depression onset is occurring earlier, and it often coexists with other disorders. Research estimates that 28% of adolescents will experience depression, and up to 7% of those who develop major depression may attempt suicide. Risk factors include stress, loss, family history, and untreated psychological disorders. Warning signs can include threats, previous attempts, depression, risk-taking behaviors, and fascination with death. Prevention strategies involve education, screening, intervention, referral, and developing a supportive school environment.
Stigma related to mental health | Psychology course Research project presenta...
Stigma related to mental health | Psychology course Research project presenta...Hafiz Muhammad Huzaifah Punjani
The research report Presentation addresses the stigma related to the mental health in our society. This study was intended to increase understanding of peoples’ views of mental illness by developing and administering measures of knowledge and attitudes of people toward mental illnesses.
The research conducted through questionnaires regarding the mental health stigma is reviewed and analyzed that indicates that the majority of the general public holds negative stereotypes towards people with psychological problems.
Hence, a model has been proposed to illustrate what are the peoples’ attitudes towards and knowledge about the mental health, why is it a taboo to talk about this topic, how can this stigma prevent the people from getting help for the psychological difficulties and solutions for reducing and dealing with the mental health stigma are discussed.
FAST-NU
COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
PSYCHOLOGY
COURSE INSTRUCTOR: Miss sumarah rashid
Section: GR-4
Group members:
Taban Shaukat 16K3937
Huzaifah Punjani 16K3924
Anas Bin Faisal 16K4064
Abeer Zehra 16K4068
Maria Ahmed 16K4058
STIGMA OF MENTAL HEALTH
Mental health stigma can be divided into two distinct types: social stigma is characterized by prejudicial attitudes and discriminating behaviour directed towards individuals with mental health problems as a result of the psychiatric label they have been given. In contrast, perceived stigma or self-stigma is the internalizing by the mental health sufferer of their perceptions of discrimination (Link, Cullen, Struening & Shrout, 1989), and perceived stigma can significantly affect feelings of shame and lead to poorer treatment outcomes (Perlick, Rosenheck, Clarkin, Sirey et al., 2001).
Concepts of stigma and its relevance in Mental Health
Stigma, its different types, psycho social theories and studies related to stigma, different tools to assess stigma
Suicide Prevention and Addiction - January 2014
“Suicide Prevention and Addiction” was presented on Tuesday January 28, 2014; by Raymond Dalton, MA; Dawn Farm Outpatient Services Coordinator. There is an alarmingly high prevalence of suicide among people with addiction and people in early recovery. This program will raise awareness of the signs of suicidal thinking and describe ways to offer support and obtain help for people who may be contemplating suicide. Viewers will learn how to recognize suicidal thinking, reach out and offer support to others contemplating suicide, obtain help when suicidal thoughts are present, and access local and national suicide prevention and intervention resources. This program is part of the Dawn Farm Education Series, a FREE, annual workshop series developed to provide accurate, helpful, hopeful, practical, current information about chemical dependency, recovery, family and related issues. The Education Series is organized by Dawn Farm, a non-profit community of programs providing a continuum of chemical dependency services. For information, please see http://www.dawnfarm.org/programs/education-series.
N4205 stigma
This document discusses stigma related to mental illness. It begins by defining stigma as prejudices related to having a mental illness, as coined by Goffman. Throughout history, madness has been seen as a perverted will or symptoms of animal instincts. The document then discusses the stigma faced by the character Hester in The Scarlet Letter, who is forced to wear a badge of humiliation but refuses to let others determine her identity. Key aspects of stigma are discussed, including its visible, controllable, and impactful nature. Public stigma impacts life goals like employment and independence, while self-stigma causes social isolation and low self-esteem. Changing stigma requires targeted approaches like contact-based programs and addressing discriminatory attitudes and behaviors
Antisocial powerpoint
The document discusses antisocial personality disorder, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis criteria, treatment options, and prevention strategies. Key points include: Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by disregard for others' rights and failure to conform to social norms. Causes may include genetics and childhood abuse/neglect. Symptoms can include aggression, impulsiveness, lack of empathy/remorse. Treatment focuses on developing interpersonal skills and compliance with medication/therapy, though outcomes are often poor. Early intervention for children showing antisocial behaviors may help prevent full disorder development.
Anti social personality disorders
Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for others, impulsive behavior, lack of guilt or remorse. It typically begins in childhood as antisocial conduct disorder, involving aggressive, destructive, or rule-breaking behavior. Symptoms include antisocial and impulsive behavior, disregard for societal standards, and no indication of fear or guilt. Potential causes include abnormal brain function, unstable childhood environments, and smoking during pregnancy. Treatment options include psychotherapy, institutionalization, group therapy, medications, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Psychopath And Antisocial Personality Disorder Slide Presentation
While psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder share many similar characteristics, they are considered separate constructs. Antisocial personality disorder is defined in the DSM-IV as a pattern of disregard for social norms and laws, while psychopathy is not officially recognized as a disorder but refers to profound affective and interpersonal deficits leading to antisocial behavior. Both can be assessed through various tests and scales, but only antisocial personality disorder is categorized as a disorder in the DSM-IV.
Bipolar disorder
This document provides information about bipolar disorder, including its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and management. Some key points:
- Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness characterized by extreme mood swings from mania to depression. It has a significant public health impact due to high treatment costs and non-adherence to medication.
- Symptoms of mania include inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, and risky behavior. Symptoms of depression include low mood, loss of interest, and changes in appetite and sleep.
- Causes are thought to involve genetic and biological factors like neurotransmitter levels. Stressful life events can also trigger episodes.
- Treatment involves medication
Personality disorders
Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by an abnormal disregard for others and a lack of empathy. People with this disorder often violate the rights of others and do not comply with social norms. Key symptoms include manipulation, lack of guilt, impulsivity, and aggression. There is no known single cause, but factors like childhood abuse, neglect, and a family history of personality disorders are linked to its development. Left untreated, people with antisocial personality disorder are at high risk of criminal behavior, substance abuse, and physical harm.
Psychological abuse
Psychological abuse refers to a series of repeated incidents that insult, humiliate, threaten, degrade, isolate or control another person. It can occur intentionally or unintentionally. Psychological abuse often follows a cycle of tension building, an incident of abuse, reconciliation, and calm before tension begins building again. It can occur within families, partnerships, or the workplace. Risk factors include emotional abuse of children, poverty, substance abuse, and male-dominated or religious societies that promote abuse. Solutions include the victim seeking help, establishing mental stability through therapy, and the abuser receiving counseling depending on legal rulings.
PSYA4 Addiction - latest
This document discusses various aspects of addiction including defining addiction, models of addictive behavior, and factors that influence addiction. It covers biological, cognitive, and social learning theories of addiction. The biological model emphasizes genetics and brain chemistry, noting specific genes linked to addiction initiation and maintenance. Cognitive models explore how expectancies and faulty thinking patterns can lead to addiction. Social learning theory examines how addiction can develop through observational learning and reinforcement. The document also addresses individual differences in vulnerability to addiction like personality and stress, as well as social influences of peers, age, and media portrayals of addictive behaviors.
Lecture 3 Personality Disorders 1
This document provides an overview of personality disorders, including their characteristic features and clusters. It describes the typical presentations of several specific personality disorders like paranoid, schizoid, borderline, narcissistic, and dependent personality disorder. It notes that personality disorders are generally chronic conditions and treatment focuses on managing associated symptoms rather than curing the underlying disorder itself. Medication is used cautiously due to risk of addiction.
Personality disorders
This document provides an overview of personality disorders, including definitions, types, causes, and treatment approaches. It defines a personality disorder as an enduring pattern of inner experiences and behaviors that deviate significantly from cultural expectations and cause distress or impairment. Five classical types are described in detail: schizoid, paranoid, antisocial, histrionic, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Personality disorders are influenced by biological, social, and psychological factors. Treatment involves psychotherapy tailored to the individual, as well as medication for any concurrent disorders or uncontrollable behaviors. The overall goal is to improve social and vocational functioning.
Antisocial personality disorders
Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for others, impulsive behavior, lack of guilt or remorse. It begins in childhood as antisocial conduct disorder and continues into adulthood. The causes are thought to include abnormal brain function, unstable childhood environments, and smoking during pregnancy which can cause fetal brain damage. Treatment includes psychotherapy, institutionalization, incarceration, group therapy, medications, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Psychopathy
A psychopath is someone who interacts with others as objects to achieve their own goals without regard for others. They lack empathy and remorse. Psychopathy is characterized by behaviors like manipulation, impulsivity, aggression, recklessness, irresponsibility and failure to plan. Most psychopaths experienced abuse or neglect as children from criminal or aggressive parents. Jeffrey Dahmer was a notorious serial killer and psychopath who murdered 17 men and boys between 1978 and 1991, dismembering and sometimes cannibalizing his victims. He was diagnosed with a dangerous personality and sentenced to over 900 years in prison, where he was later beaten to death by another inmate.
Social Phobia
Social Phobia, also called Social Anxiety Disorder, is characterized by an intense fear of experiencing humiliation in social situations.
Mental Health Stigma
This document provides an overview of stigma reduction strategies and interventions that have been implemented for various health conditions. It begins by defining the key concepts of strategies and interventions, noting that interventions derive from strategies. It then reviews stigma reduction strategies that have been used for HIV/AIDS, leprosy, tuberculosis, mental illness, epilepsy, and disability. Common strategies include education, contact, counseling, advocacy, and legal/policy reforms. The document concludes that while many interventions have been implemented, there is still limited evidence on the effectiveness of the strategies, and more evaluation work needs to be done.
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Socialization
George Herbert Mead and Charles Cooley contributed theories about how socialization shapes one's sense of self. Mead recognized that individuals develop a distinct identity through social interaction that sets them apart from others. Cooley's concept of the looking glass self described how people understand themselves based on perceiving how others react to and judge them. Socialization not only transmits culture but plays a role in developing one's self-concept throughout their lives.
Gned
The document discusses several key aspects of social identity and its construction:
1. It outlines two frameworks for understanding identity - essentialism and social constructionism. Social constructionism views identity as shaped by social forces like institutions, power structures, and interactions with others.
2. It then examines how social structures, statuses, roles, and socialization influence the development of identity. Ascribed statuses like gender or ethnicity impact social roles and expectations.
3. Several theorists are discussed that contributed to understanding how identity is constructed through social interactions and perceptions, such as Cooley's looking glass self, Mead's distinction between self and identity, and Goffman's idea of front stage and back stage behavior.
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This document discusses disseminating social constructionist ideas through pattern language in various domains. It introduces the author and their background before outlining a quest to accelerate collaborative practices based on social constructionism in management, education, healthcare and citizenship. Examples of potential pattern languages are then provided for management/teams, education, and coaching/therapy to translate ideas into methods and models in a way that helps spread social constructionist approaches.Bodies and social constructionism
The document discusses various topics related to the social construction of bodies and gender identities. It begins by asking students to consider how the body can perform gender, class, and ethnicity using Goffman's idea of performance. It then discusses how bodies are culturally constructed using Hall's circuit of culture model. Several key theorists are mentioned whose work relates to these topics, including Chris Shilling's concept of the "body project" and Susan Bordo's analysis of how masculinity is portrayed in media and advertising. The document emphasizes that identities and bodies are socially constructed through various cultural representations and regulations.
The Systemic Therapy Between Science and Intuition - Krakow version
In this presentation I return – with several modifications -to issues I already treated and also recently.
This new version has been prepared for the Conference “The Anatomy of (un)reason” held in Krakòw, Poland, October 10 – 12° 2014.
The presentation has to be followed by Massimo Giuliani’s presentation “Beyond Medicine – Beyond Psychology – Beyond Post- Modernism: The Milan Approach to Systemic Psychotherapy”:
http://prezi.com/2lgk1ozulcx7/the-milan-approach-to-systemic-psychotherapy/
The Power of Language and the Current Promotion of the Profession
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Milan school of family therapy
The Milan school of family therapy developed an approach based on systems theory and complexity. Key aspects included circular questioning to challenge problem maintaining beliefs, end of session interventions like paradoxes and rituals, and a team approach with co-therapists. The goal was to alter family interaction patterns and beliefs supporting problems like schizophrenia. Over time the Milan school split into more strategic and non-directive branches but both retained a focus on flexibility, feedback and challenging existing family constructs.
Lecture 5 social constructionist family therapy: Milan school
Lecture 5 social constructionist family therapy: Milan schoolNewham College University Centre Stratford Newham
The Milan approach focuses on viewing problems systemically and seeing how symptoms maintain family homeostasis. The therapist aims to help the family recognize how problems serve certain functions for the family system through circular questioning and other indirect interventions. Key techniques include hypothesizing family dynamics based on initial information, maintaining neutrality, and reframing problems and behaviors in a positive light to facilitate change in how the family views and interacts with each other. The goal is for the whole family to change their patterns rather than blaming individuals.Science of LEGO Serious Play (LSP)
This document provides an overview of the theoretical foundations of LEGO SERIOUS PLAY, which brings elements of play into business settings. It discusses four key elements: constructionism, play, imagination, and identity. Constructionism and play theory emphasize that learning happens through active engagement and building external representations. Storytelling and metaphor are important components of play that can help address complex issues. The goal of LEGO SERIOUS PLAY is to use physical 3D modeling and playful discussion to unlock creative imagination and develop innovative business strategies.
family theraphy
This document discusses family therapy, including defining the family as the primary social system and source of emotional attachment. It notes that family therapists see an individual's psychiatric problems as related to their family. The goals of family therapy are to change dysfunctional relationships and interactions, improve communication and problem-solving skills, and strengthen the family system. Specific techniques used include assessment, teaching skills, and behavioral contracts. Family therapy can help with issues like mental illness, substance abuse, and relationship problems. The focus is on observing and improving family dynamics and supporting healthy functioning.
Social constructivism
The summary of Social Constructivism from book name 'the Introduction to International Relations: Theories and Approaches'.
Family therapy
HERE I PRESENT U GUYS MY FIRST OWN MADE PRESENTATION ON FAMILY AND MUSIC THERAPY I HOPE IT IS BEEN USEFUL FOR U IN FUTURE PURPOSE
Queer Theory Presentation (2004)
The document discusses key topics in queer theory, including what constitutes queer identity and culture. It addresses issues like representation and stereotyping of queer communities in mass media, as well as the mainstreaming and commercialization of queer culture. The document also outlines concerns of queer theory such as challenging dominant gender and sexuality norms upheld in society and popular culture.
Final_Presentation
Social Constructivist Theory emphasizes that learning occurs through social interaction and collaboration. It is based on the work of theorists Jean Piaget, Albert Bandura, and Lev Vygotsky. Piaget believed that learners construct knowledge through schemas and stages of development. Bandura's social learning theory highlighted the role of observation and modeling behaviors. Vygotsky's work focused on the zone of proximal development and the role of social interaction and the more knowledgeable other in learning. Social Constructivism posits that knowledge is constructed through culture and context, and learning occurs through collaboration.
Social constructionism
The document discusses social constructionism and social constructivism. It notes that they are sociological theories that consider how social phenomena develop in social contexts. Social constructionism focuses on reality, knowledge, and learning being dependent on social and cultural factors, while social constructivism refers to individuals constructing meaning from knowledge within a social context. The document explores the underlying assumptions of social constructivism and how reality, knowledge, and learning are viewed through this lens.
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The Systemic Therapy Between Science and Intuition - Krakow version
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The Power of Language and the Current Promotion of the Profession
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Lecture 5 social constructionist family therapy: Milan school
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Abnormal Behavior
The document provides an overview of psychological disorders including:
- Historical models including the supernatural model which saw disorders as possession and the natural/medical model which saw them as diseases.
- Modern models including psychoanalytic, biological, cognitive-behavioral, and diathesis-stress.
- The DSM-IV-TR classification system and descriptions of mood disorders like depression and mania, anxiety disorders, psychosomatic disorders, dissociative disorders, sexual/gender disorders, and personality disorders.
- Personality disorders are grouped into three clusters characterized by odd/eccentric, dramatic/erratic, and anxious/fearful behaviors respectively. Common disorders are described within each cluster.
Lecture 18:Abnormality Dr. Reem AlSabah
This document provides an overview of abnormal psychology. It defines abnormality and discusses how abnormal behavior has been viewed throughout history from ancient to modern times. Key topics covered include the classification of mental disorders in the DSM and ICD manuals, specific disorders like mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia, and perspectives on the causes of mental illness like biological, psychological, and social factors. Defenses mechanisms, treatment approaches in ancient times, and what defines normal behavior are also addressed.
criminal psychology
This document discusses various topics related to psychology and abnormal psychology. It defines key terms like psychology, criminal psychology, human behavior, and psychologists. It also outlines different schools of psychology like structuralism and functionalism. The document discusses factors that can contribute to abnormal behavior like biological, environmental, and social factors. It also summarizes different approaches to understanding abnormality like the medical, statistical, legal, and behavioral approaches. Major figures in the history of abnormal psychology are highlighted. The document also discusses concepts like stress, coping mechanisms, defense mechanisms, fear, and personality disorders.
PoP wk 13
This document provides an overview of psychological disorders, including their historical and modern perspectives, classifications in the DSM, and descriptions of specific disorders like anxiety disorders, mood disorders, personality disorders, dissociative disorders, and schizophrenia. It discusses the bio-psycho-social model for understanding disorders and covers topics like genetics, environment, and brain abnormalities in relation to schizophrenia.
Defining Abnormality
This document provides an overview of key concepts in defining and classifying abnormal behavior from a psychopathology perspective. It discusses debates around what constitutes normal versus abnormal behavior and outlines some of the challenges in categorization. Elements used to define abnormality are described, including behaviors that are deviant, distressing, dysfunctional, dangerous, unpredictable or violate social norms. Cultural aspects and the influence of attitudes and stigma are also touched on. A brief history of understanding and treating abnormal behavior is given from ancient to modern times.
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Antisocial personality disorder is a psychological disorder characterized by dysfunctional and destructive thinking and relating to others. People with this disorder have no regard for others' rights and feelings and manipulate or antagonize others for pleasure or gain, showing no remorse. Symptoms often begin in childhood and become fully evident in the 20s-30s, potentially including cruelty to animals and bullying. Half of male inmates meet criteria for this disorder.
The Conundrums of Psychology
This document summarizes the key debates around defining and understanding mental illness. It discusses the medical model which views mental disorders as physiological disorders of the brain that can be cured by restoring chemical imbalances. It also discusses the spiritual view which sees mental illness as a discomposure of the soul. Additionally, it mentions the functional school which defines mental illness as deviations from statistically normal behaviors and dysfunctions. The document questions whether mental illnesses are truly illnesses, what their essence is, and whether restoring chemical balance gets at their root cause.
WEEK 5-Module 7.pptx persona development
This document discusses mental health and well-being in adolescence. It outlines common mental disorders like eating disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, conduct disorders, personality disorders, schizophrenia, and substance abuse disorders. It also discusses threats to psychological well-being such as family, socioeconomic factors, and school bullying. The document provides strategies for preventing mental health problems including enhancing self-esteem, resilience, self-regulation, and social skills.
Social Anxiety Disorder
Social Anxiety Disorder, also called social phobia, is an intense fear or inability to function in social situations. It affects 5% of adults in the US and can range from performance-only situations to everyday interactions. It has genetic and environmental causes and is linked to neurotransmitter and brain region differences. Symptoms include cognitive dread, physiological symptoms like blushing, and avoidance behaviors. Treatments include cognitive behavioral therapy and medication.
Social Anxiety Disorder
Social Anxiety Disorder, also known as social phobia, is an intense fear or distress in social situations that can range from everyday interactions to performances. It affects 5% of adults in the US and Canada and 2.7% in Australia, with onset typically around age 11.5. Genetics play a role as shyness can lead to the disorder, and experiences like bullying can also contribute to its development. Lower levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin as well as hypersensitivity in the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex are neural factors. Treatment includes cognitive behavioral therapy and medication like SSRIs.
Social Anxiety Disorder
Social Anxiety Disorder, also known as social phobia, is an intense fear or distress in social situations that can range from everyday interactions to performances. It affects 5% of adults in the US and Canada and 2.7% in Australia, with onset typically around age 11.5. Genetics play a role as shyness can lead to the disorder, and experiences like bullying can also contribute to its development. Lower levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin as well as hypersensitivity in the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex are neural factors. Treatment includes cognitive behavioral therapy and medication like SSRIs.
Psychological Disorders .pdf
Here is a summary of the key aspects of CBT based on the information provided:
- CBT is a blend of cognitive and behavioral therapeutic strategies that acknowledges both thoughts and behaviors can influence psychological disorders.
- It is problem-focused and action-oriented - therapists help clients identify specific strategies to address problems like reducing panic attacks or returning to work after depression.
- Clients are expected to actively engage in exercises and practices like keeping thought journals to monitor symptoms.
- The ABC model is one CBT technique where clients record the activating event, their beliefs and interpretations of the event, and the consequences or emotional/behavioral responses.
- For the girl concerned about public speaking, the therapist asked questions to understand
Wmhd 2010
The document discusses mental health and illness, including definitions, causes, symptoms, stigma and discrimination, and the Indian Mental Health Act of 1987. Some key points covered include:
- Mental health is defined as a state of well-being and ability to cope with stress and function productively. Mental illness refers to conditions that affect cognition, emotion, or behavior.
- Mental illnesses have biological, psychological, and social causes, and are not due to personal weakness. They can cause suffering, disability, and increased mortality.
- The Indian Mental Health Act of 1987 aimed to safeguard rights of the mentally ill and regulate institutions, but was criticized for not fully reflecting medical considerations or removing criminal stigma.
Living with Mental Illness - A Student's Guide
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American Family - Chapter 9, Understanding Mental Illness
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The document discusses abnormal psychology and psychopathology. It notes that abnormal psychology focuses on individuals who deviate from statistical or social norms in terms of their behavior, thoughts, or emotions. While abnormal psychology and psychopathology are often used interchangeably, abnormal psychology is sometimes viewed more negatively as it implies that individuals are "not normal". However, deviating from statistical norms does not necessarily mean someone has a psychological disorder or illness. The document provides examples to illustrate this point.
Dissociative and somatoform disorders gil
Lesson about abnormal psychology which help to understand who are suffering from psychological problems and guide us to understand other peoples behavior, attitude. some of the type of abnormal behavior are the DID, somatoform, hypochondriasis and understanding psychosomatic behavior.
Working With Bpd Ptsd
The document discusses strategies for interacting with individuals experiencing mental illnesses like borderline personality disorder (BPD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and schizoaffective disorder. It provides an overview of the characteristics and behaviors associated with each condition. It also offers tips for maintaining safety, such as communicating calmly, showing compassion, and addressing feelings of fear. Resources for crisis intervention and treatment are also mentioned.
Chapter 9
The document discusses various mental disorders like anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and conduct disorders. It explains the symptoms and characteristics of these disorders. The document also covers topics like getting treatment, understanding death and grief, and strategies for preventing suicide.
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American Family - Chapter 9, Understanding Mental Illness
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The document discusses how views of childhood have changed over time and across cultures. Benedict claims that in non-industrial societies, there is less distinction between adult and child behavior and expectations, and children are treated very differently than in Western societies. Specifically, children in non-industrial cultures often take on responsibilities earlier, have less restricted sexual behaviors, and show less obedience to adult authority. The document then discusses factors like industrialization, laws preventing child cruelty and labor, and theories of child development that have led childhood to be constructed differently and children to be more dependent and protected in modern Western societies.
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Cultural, social class, and generational diversity all contribute to differences in family forms. Cultural diversity refers to differences between families of various ethnic, religious, and ideological backgrounds. Social class divisions exist between upper, middle, and working classes as well as within those groups. Generational diversity refers to differences in experiences and attitudes between older and younger family members and generations.
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The document is a mark scheme for a sociology exam assessing students' understanding of different sociological explanations of suicide. It provides detailed criteria for evaluating answers in bands from 0-21 marks based on the students' interpretation, application, analysis, and evaluation of concepts from the item and elsewhere. Higher bands are characterized by explaining two or more sociological perspectives on suicide accurately and applying them appropriately to the question.
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This document provides guidance on answering exam questions about crime and deviance. It discusses two 21-mark essay questions to spend 30 minutes on each, including discussing at least two sides of an argument and referencing relevant theories and studies. For the first question on ethnic differences in crime rates, explanations to assess include institutional racism in the criminal justice system versus theories of relative deprivation and poor upbringing influencing crime rates. For the second question on media portrayals of crime, topics to discuss include how the media distorts crime statistics and can cause moral panics, as well as its relationship to fear of crime. Subcultural theories from Merton to more recent work should be assessed chronologically for their usefulness in explaining subcultural crime and
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides guidance on answering exam questions about crime and deviance. It discusses two 21-mark essay questions to spend 30 minutes on each, including discussing at least two sides of an argument and referencing relevant theories and studies. For the first question on ethnic differences in crime rates, explanations to assess include institutional racism in the criminal justice system versus theories of relative deprivation and poor upbringing influencing crime rates. For the second question on media portrayals of crime, topics to discuss include how the media distorts crime statistics and can cause moral panics, as well as its relationship to fear of crime. Subcultural theories from Merton to more recent work should be assessed chronologically for their usefulness in explaining subcultural crime and
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Sociological research has the potential to influence social policy in several ways:
1) Sociological studies can reveal the true nature and extent of social problems, challenges dominant views, and leads to a redefinition of issues. This occurred with studies of poverty and disability.
2) Establishing definitions and counting the size of marginalized groups through research can raise their profile and lead to new policies. This happened when the disabled population was more accurately defined and quantified.
3) Systematic reviews of research evidence can identify effective solutions and approaches to social issues. An example is a review that informed policies to reduce teen pregnancy and support young parents.
However, critics argue that government-funded research may not be
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
1) Sudhir Venkatesh spent time living with the Black Kings gang in Chicago to study urban poverty from within the community.
2) He met J.T., the leader of the local gang, who offered to let Venkatesh shadow him for a day to truly understand life in the neighborhood.
3) Over time, Venkatesh grew close to J.T. and other gang members as he observed their daily activities, though he recognized J.T. was a criminal and his research depended on the gang's approval.
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This document discusses crime prevention and punishment from various sociological perspectives. It examines strategies for preventing crime, ranging from situational crime prevention to community programs addressing root causes. It also looks at different views of punishment, including deterrence, rehabilitation and incapacitation. Additionally, it covers trends in victimization and the concept of victimology - the sociological study of victims, their experiences and how some groups are at higher risk of being victimized.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses key concepts in sociology related to social inequality based on age and ethnicity. It provides definitions of ethnicity, ethnic group, and examines how sociologists believe these attributes can create unequal life chances. Specific inequalities are explored around issues like discrimination, legislation, and how views of age and ethnicity may differ cross-culturally.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Here are some potential positive and negative consequences of divorce for each group:
For the husband and wife:
Positive: Opportunity for personal growth and happiness in a new relationship.
Negative: Financial difficulties from single parenthood or splitting assets. Emotional distress.
For the family:
Positive: Conflict may be reduced.
Negative: Loss of the traditional family structure, less contact with extended family. Financial difficulties.
For the children:
Positive: Grow up in a happier environment without parental conflict.
Negative: Stress and insecurity from family breakdown. May feel torn between parents. Adjustment to new living situations.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides information about an advanced sociology exam that will take place on January 15, 2013. It is divided into three sections and students must choose one section to answer all the questions from. The exam will last 1 hour and students must write their answers in an AQA 8-page answer book. The exam is out of a total of 60 marks. Questions worth 24 marks require answers in continuous prose and will be assessed on use of English, organization of information, and appropriate use of specialist vocabulary.
The document also provides two sample exam items, one discussing the dark side of family relationships like domestic violence and child abuse, and problems with statistics on these issues. The other sample item discusses reliability of statistics on modern families
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This document provides memory hooks and tools to help students remember important concepts in sociology. It includes acronyms and phrases to summarize key ideas related to topics like family, education, crime and deviance, religion, research methods, and functionalist theory. Color-coded memory hooks are organized by theme to aid recall of sociological information.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses reasons for overrepresentation of ethnic minorities in crime statistics. It questions whether ethnic minorities truly commit more crimes or if statistics provide an inaccurate picture due to factors like institutional racism and stereotyping. Some reasons given for higher crime rates and convictions among ethnic groups include evidence of racism within police culture and practices, unfair targeting of minorities in stop-and-search policies, and socioeconomic challenges like poverty that are more common in minority communities. The case study of Stephen Lawrence, a black teenager murdered in 1993, illustrates failures in the police investigation potentially due to racism and stereotyping.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Some sociologists would agree that males are more likely to commit crimes than females due to differences in primary socialization and opportunities to commit crimes. However, others disagree because crime statistics may be inaccurate since males face higher rates of arrest and charges. Additionally, the chivalry thesis suggests that females receive more lenient treatment in the criminal justice system since it is male-dominated. In conclusion, there are many complex reasons for apparent gender differences in crime rates that are still debated among sociologists.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
1) Gender is defined by sociologists as the social and cultural differences between masculinity and femininity rather than the biological differences between sexes.
2) From birth, individuals are socialized into gender through practices like dressing, naming, toys/books given which prepare individuals for different roles in society based on their gender.
3) While legislation has promoted more equality, sociologists argue that gender inequality still exists in areas like the workplace where women are more likely to be in lower level jobs and face barriers to promotion.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
1) Social action theorists argue that people are not constrained by external forces and have control over their own attitudes and actions.
2) Society is a product of people interacting in social groups and applying meanings to social behaviors.
3) Norms and values are seen as flexible guidelines that people apply different meanings to depending on the social situation.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Huntington argued that there are 7 major civilizations - Western, Orthodox, Islamic, Sinic, Hindu, Japanese and Latin American/African - and that conflicts will emerge along the dividing lines of these civilizations, especially between the Western and Islamic worlds. However, critics argue that Huntington's theory oversimplifies conflicts and ignores other important factors like economic and political interests, as well as differences in views on issues like individualism, gender equality and sexuality between societies.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses values and ethics in sociology research. It outlines the positivist view that sociology should be objective and value-free like the natural sciences. However, others argue this is unrealistic as researchers are inevitably influenced by their own values and motivations. The document also discusses whether truly neutral research is possible given factors like who funds the research and the personal interests of researchers. It concludes by considering perspectives like committed sociology that believe research should not remain neutral and should aim to change society in some way.
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This document outlines aims for answering short style questions: to answer as many questions as possible to identify weaknesses for last-minute revision, increase confidence, and prepare for an upcoming exam.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Secondary data sources that sociologists use include life documents, photographs, diaries, letters, official publications, previous research, and media sources. However, each of these sources has disadvantages such as potential lack of accessibility over time, presenting biased positive perspectives, being selectively edited, and relying on flawed human memory. Sociologists must be aware of these limitations and potential biases when utilizing secondary data in their research.
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