This document defines concepts of mental health and mental illness. It provides definitions of mental health from experts like Meninger and the American Psychiatric Association. Mental illness is defined as clinically significant dysfunction causing distress or disability. Mental health and illness can be conceptualized based on criteria, models, and characteristics. Criteria include statistical norms, social conformity, and adjustment to environment. Models include the medical, statistical, utopian, and social models. Characteristics of mental health include adjustment abilities and satisfaction in life, while characteristics of mental illness include deviation from norms and maladaptive behaviors.
Concepts of mental health and Mental hygiene.DikshaRai24
Mental Health a person’s condition with regard to their psychological and emotional well-being. Mental hygiene, the science of maintaining mental health and preventing the development of psychosis, neurosis, or other mental disorders. Mental hygiene.
Characteristics of mentally heathy person.
Concepts of mental health and Mental hygiene.DikshaRai24
Mental Health a person’s condition with regard to their psychological and emotional well-being. Mental hygiene, the science of maintaining mental health and preventing the development of psychosis, neurosis, or other mental disorders. Mental hygiene.
Characteristics of mentally heathy person.
One of the important assumption in health care is psychology of individual plays an important role either in the development of or recovery from diseases.
http://www.helpwithassignment.com/
Defense mechanisms are the behaviors people use to separate themselves from unpleasant events, actions, or thoughts. These are unconscious strategies whereby people protect themselves from anxious thoughts or feelings
Concept of stress and Stress Adaptation Model and Crisis and Crisis Intervention. These topic should be clear for healt service providers like Psychiatric nurces, Psychiatric social workers. Withoung knowing and understanding about it we can't help our clients.
One of the important assumption in health care is psychology of individual plays an important role either in the development of or recovery from diseases.
http://www.helpwithassignment.com/
Defense mechanisms are the behaviors people use to separate themselves from unpleasant events, actions, or thoughts. These are unconscious strategies whereby people protect themselves from anxious thoughts or feelings
Concept of stress and Stress Adaptation Model and Crisis and Crisis Intervention. These topic should be clear for healt service providers like Psychiatric nurces, Psychiatric social workers. Withoung knowing and understanding about it we can't help our clients.
What constitutes "normal" behaviour in a given social setting is that which is prevalent, anticipated, and generally accepted by its members. It allows individuals to engage with their environment and fulfil their everyday requirements; it is also practical and versatile. A condition of normalcy is one in which one is healthy and disease-free.
HUMAN BEHAVIOUR IS THE POPULATION OF BEHAVIORS EXHIBITED BBY HUMANS AND INFLUENCED BY CULTURE, ATTITUDE, EMOTIONS, VALUES, ETHICS, AUTHORITY, RAPPORT,ETC.................................................
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. Introduction
• Definition of mental Health
Meninger defined mental health as … the
adjustment of human being to the world & to
each other with the maximum of effectiveness
and happiness. The chief characteristic of mental
health is the adjustment.
The American psychiatric association (APA) (2003)
defines mental health as … the successful
performance of mental functions shown by
productive activities, fulfilling relationships with
other People, and the ability to adapt to change
and to cope with adversity.
DEBR's
3. MENTAL ILLNESS:
• In the DSM-IV (American psychiatric
association 2000),
• A mental disorder should be a manifestation
of behavioural, psychological and / or
biological dysfunction in that person.
• So, psychiatric disorder is defined as clinically
significant psychological or behavioural
syndrome that causes significant distress,
disability or loss of freedom and socially
deviant behaviour to a stressful life event.
DEBR's
4. • Psychiatric disorder is defined as a disturbance
of (i) cognition (though) or (ii) conation
(action) or (iii) affect on any disequilibrium
between the three. - Niraj Ahuja (1994)
DEBR's
5. CONCEPT OF NORMALITY & ABNORMALITY
• The term ‘normal’ seems to be derived from
the word “norma” which means a “carpenter”
square or rule. A norm therefore became a
rule, pattern or standard.
• The term “abnormal” with its prefix “ab”
(away from) thus came to signify the deviance
or variation from the normal.
DEBR's
6. Concept of mental health
Concept of
mental health
and illness
Based on
Criteria
Based on
Models
Based on
Characteristics
DEBR's
7. Based on Criteria
• A) Six Indicators for Mental health
• B) Normality and abnormality criteria
DEBR's
8. • Maria Jahoda (1958) has identified a list of 6
indicators that she suggests are a reflection of
mental health.
• A Positive attitude towards self.
• Growth, Development and the ability to achieve
self-actualization (according to age).
• Integration.
• Autonomy.
• Perception of Reality.
• Environmental mastery.
DEBR's
9. • 1. A positive attitude towards self:
• This includes an objective view of self, including
knowledge and acceptance of strengths and
limitations. The individual feels a strong sense of
personal identity and security within the environment.
• 2. Growth, development and the ability for self-
actualization:
• This indicator correlates whether the individual
successfully achieves the tasks associated with each
level of development.
• 3. Integration:
• Integration includes the ability to adaptively respond to
the environment and the development of a philosophy
of life, both of which help the individual maintain
anxiety at a manageable level in response to stressful
situations.
DEBR's
10. • 4. Autonomy:
• Refers to the individual’s ability to perform in an
independent self-directed manner; the individual
makes choices and accepts responsibility for the
outcomes.
• 5. Perception of reality:
• This includes perception of the environment without
distortion as well as the capacity for empathy and
social sensitivity, a respect and concern for the wants
and needs of others.
• 6. Environmental mastery:
• This indicator suggests that the individual has achieved
a satisfactory role within the group, society and
environment. He is able to love and accept the love of
others.
DEBR's
11. Normality and abnormality criteria
Criteria
Descriptive
Statistical criteria
Non Statistical
Explanatory
DEBR's
12. Statistical Criteria:
• According to this criterion, ‘average’ is normal.
A person is abnormal when he or she deviates
from the ‘average’.
• E.g.: Average height & weight
DEBR's
13. Non-Statistical Criteria
• Ethical (or) moral criteria:
• For being taken as normal, the behaviour
should be appropriate and desirable from the
view point or ethics or normality.
• Criteria for social conformity:
• Those who conform to societal norms are
considered normal and those who do not care
for them are labeled abnormal.
DEBR's
14. • Criterion of ideal or perfection:
• Normal behaviour is equated with perfect or
ideal behaviour. Others called Abnormal
behaviour.
• Legal Criterion:
• A law abiding citizen is normal but the one
who violates the law is labeled abnormal.
DEBR's
16. • Pathological or Medical Criterion: It is based
upon a behaviour depends functioning of the
nervous system. In this way all abnormal
people are affected with some mental illness
or disease.
DEBR's
17. • Psychological criterion: Psychological
functioning, whether defective or normal – is
deciding factor of abnormal / normal
behaviour Higher mental functioning –
According to environment.
DEBR's
18. • Adjustment Criterion: A person is said to be
normal or abnormal to extent he feels
adjusted or maladjusted with his self and his
environment. The normal people always
integrate or adjust their needs, motive,
interest and other cognitive aspects with
those but abnormal people not integrated.
DEBR's
19. Based on Models
• 1. Medical models
• 2. Statistical model
• 3. Utopian model
• 4. Subjective model
• 5. Social model
• 6. Process model
• 7. Continuum model
DEBR's
20. • Medical Model: Normal mental
health is conceptualized as
absence of disease or psycho
pathology
• Statistical Model: Statistically
normal mental health falls within
2 standard deviation (SDs) of the
normal distribution curve
DEBR's
21. • Utopian Model:
• In this model, the focus in defining normality
is on “Optimal Functioning”.
• Subjective Model: (Individual)
• Here, says that absence disability or distress or
help – seeking behaviour thereof (i.e.)
individual not affected by any disturbance
through a causes.
DEBR's
22. • Social Model:
• Normalcy believes that normal person is
expected to behave in a socially permissive
behaviour.
• Process Model:
• Normalcy as a dynamic and changing process
rather than as a static concept. Along with
this combined with any other model
mentioned here.
DEBR's
23. • Continuum Model:
• Normality and abnormality as falling at the
two ends of a continuum, rather than being
disparate entities.
DEBR's
24. Based on Characteristics
• Characteristics of mentally healthy individual:
• Has ability to make adjustment.
• He solves his problems.
• Decision making
• Has sense of personal worth
• Has a philosophy of living.
• Develop a capacity to tolerate frustrations.
• Shows emotional maturity.
• Enjoyment of play, leisure and spare time activities.
• Finds satisfaction
• He feels secure in a group
• The person has a variety of interests and generally lives
a well-balanced life of work, rest and recreation.DEBR's
25. Characteristics of mental illness
• Abnormal means ‘away from the normal’. The
terms used in abnormality will include;
• Abnormal as deviation from societal norms.
• Abnormal as mal adaptive.
• Abnormal behaviour.
• maladaptive behaviour.
• Emotional disturbance.
• Behavioural problems.
DEBR's