The document discusses the characteristics of curved mirrors, including concave and convex mirrors. It defines key terms like focal point, focal length, vertex, and describes the four cases of image formation for concave mirrors based on the object's distance from the mirror. Real images can be projected, virtual images appear behind the mirror. Concave mirrors form inverted and magnified or reduced real images. Convex mirrors always form upright, virtual and reduced images. Ray diagrams illustrate the reflection of light rays for both concave and convex mirrors.

1. Curved Mirrors

2. Reflection CharacteristicsAttitudeTypeInvertedUprightSizeRealVirtualLaterally InvertedSameEnlargedReduced

3. TypeReal - image appears in front of the mirror (could be projected onto a screen)Virtual - image appears behind the mirror

4. Sizea) Enlarged - image is larger than the objectb) Reduced - image is smaller than the objectc) Same - image is the same size as the objecta)b)c)

5. Attitudea) Upright- image is right-side upb) Inverted- image is upside-downc) Laterally Inverted- image is flipped horizontallya)MIRRORb)MIRRORMIRRORc)MIRROR

6. Curved MirrorsConcaveConvex“converging” mirror“diverging” mirror

7. Concave Mirrors

8. Concave Mirrors

9. fTerminologyFocal Point (F) - where the light rays meetVertex - the middle point of a curved mirrorFocal Length (f) - the distance from the focal point to the vertexvertexprincipal axis

10. Concave Mirror Ray DiagramsRay 1 - travels parallel to the principal axis and reflects through the focal point (F)

11. Concave Mirror Ray DiagramsRay 2 - travels through the focal point and reflects parallel to the principal axis

12. Concave Mirror Ray DiagramsThe point where the two reflected rays converge will be the location of the image

13. Concave Mirror Reflections4 CasesObject is greater than 2 focal lengths from the mirror (do>2f)Object is between 1 and 2 focal lengths from the mirror (f<do<2f)Object is at the focal point (do=f)Object is between the mirror and the focal point (0<do<f)

14. Case 1:ReducedInvertedReal

15. Case 2: EnlargedInvertedReal

16. Case 3: No Image Formed!

17. Case 4: EnlargedUprightVirtual

18. Handout p.429“Drawing Ray Diagrams for Concave and Convex Mirrors”

19. Convex Mirrors

20. Curved MirrorsConcaveConvex“converging” mirror“diverging” mirror

21. Convex MirrorsSurface of mirror is curved outwardSpreads out light rays (“diverging” mirror)Produces a virtual image that is upright and smaller than the object

22. Convex Mirrors

23. Convex Mirrors

24. Ray Diagrams for Convex MirrorsRay 1: travels parallel to the principal axis and reflects through the focal point

25. Ray Diagrams for Convex MirrorsRay 2: travels towards the focal point and reflects parallel to the principal axis

26. Ray Diagrams for Convex MirrorsThe image appears where the (virtual) reflected rays appear to intersect

27. Remember:The image for a convex mirror is always virtual, upright and smaller!

28. Try it!