Formative and summative assessments are two major types of curriculum evaluation. Formative assessment occurs during instruction to provide feedback and identify weaknesses, while summative assessment evaluates student learning at the end of a unit or course. Both aim to collect data on student progress and program effectiveness to determine whether changes need to be made. Specific assessment methods include tests, assignments, observations, and questioning, with formative assessments guiding instruction and summative assessments serving as an overall evaluation.

1. Summative and formative evaluation in the process of
curriculum development
Curriculumevaluation:
Ornstein and hunkins (1998) define:
Curriculum evaluationas "A process or cluster of processes that
people perform in order together data that will enablethem to
decide whether to accept, change, or eliminate something. The
curriculum in general or an educational textbookin particular"?
Major areas of assessments:
1. Formative: formative assessment is objective type.
2. Summative: summative assessment is subjective type.
Summative and formative assessments are probably
two of the most widely used in educationtoday.
Measurement: measurement refers to the set of
procedures and the principles for how to use the
procedures in educational testsand assessments. Some
of the basic principles of measurement in educational
evaluationswould be raw scores, standard scores.
 Aptitude test: a test designed to determine a
person’s abilityin particularskill or field of
knowledge.

2.  Achievement test: High achievement scores usually
indicatea mastery of grade level material. Low
achievement scores can indicatethe need for
repeating a course grade.
 Assessment:
The process of gathering informationto monitor progress
and make educationaldecisionsif necessary, an
assessment may include a test but also includesmethods
such as observations, interviewsor behaviormonitoring.
 Evaluation:
Is the process of collecting data on a program to
determine its value or worth with the aim of deciding
whether to adopt, reject or revise the program.
 Formative:
A formative evaluation(sometimes referred to as internal) is a
method for judging the worth of a program while the program
activities are forming (in progress).This part of the evaluation
focuses on the process.
Purpose:

3. Its main purpose is to catch deficiencies so that the proper
learning interventionscan take place that allowthe learners to
master the required skills and knowledge.
Formative assessment:
• use to check students progress along the way.
• It is used to check students understanding.
• Formative assessments check for student learning during the
lesson instead of waiting until the completion of the lesson
to assess student learning.
Examples of formative assessment:
• Assigning projects and performances
• Writing assignments
• Tests and quizzes
• Asking questions
Key advantages of formative assessment:It provides feedback
• It provides feedback to the trainson those areas where they
might need to focus more attentionon the rein force.

4. • Summative: A summative evaluation (sometimes referred to
as external) is a method of judging the worth of a program at
the end of the program activities.
• Summative assessment:
• Summative assessment serves sort of as the 'end survey'.
• Can get lots of data.
• Easy to compare and analyze.
• Examples of summative assessments:
A final project
A midterm exams
A senior recital
• key advantages of summative assessments:
its existence provides monitor
Helping to develop the training for future events