The Discrepancy Evaluation Model (DEM) was developed by Malcolm Provus in 1966 to provide information for program assessment and improvement. The DEM defines evaluation as comparing actual performance to desired standards. It examines a program through its development stages to identify weaknesses and make corrective improvements. The DEM process involves deciding what program to evaluate, determining objectives, planning evaluation, collecting information, identifying discrepancies between objectives and accomplishments, and planning next steps. The DEM is most effective for formative evaluation where the purpose is continuous program improvement.

2. Provus’s Discrepancy
Evaluation Model
Presented By
1. Shaina Anwar
2. Kalsoom Akhtar
3. Sadia Nawaz
4. Mehvish Rasool
M.Phil Education

3. Contents
o History
o Define Evaluation (According to Malcolm
Provus’s)
o Discrepancy Evaluation Model
o Purpose of Evaluation (According to
Malcolm Provus’s)
o Stages of DEM
o Steps of DEM
o Effectiveness of DEM

4. History
Provus’s Discrepancy Model developed
in 1966 by Malcolm Edvin Provus to
provides information for program
assessment and program Improvement.

5. Define Evaluation
• Evaluation is oftentimes used to
determine an individual or institutions
growth, social and professional status
within a standard set of various
activities.
• Under the DEM, evaluation is defined
as the comparison of an actual
performance to a desired standard.

6. Discrepancy Evaluation Model
• The discrepancy evaluation model is
used in situations where there is an
understanding that a program does
not exist in a vacuum, but instead
within a complex organizational
structure.
• DEM is an effective way to evaluate
academic program.

7. DEM Cont….
 In other words, there is more interest
in why something might have occurred
rather than the fact that it did occur.

8. Example
As an example, the DEM is applied to a
university career planning program. This
particular program assists students in
determining their interests and goals,
implementing career and in
postgraduate decisions.

9. Purpose of DEM
To improve, maintain or terminate a
program

10. Goals
Seeks to identify weaknesses
according to the selected standard
Take to corrective actions with
termination as the option of last
resorts.

11. Stages of DEM
A program is examined through its
developmental stages with the
understanding that each of the stages
which Provus defines as:
1. Program Design
2. Program Installation
3. Program Process
4. Program Product
5. Program cost-benefit analysis

12. Cont….
The design stage here equates to the
needs analysis and program planning
stages; installation and process are
parts of the implementation stage,
where formative evaluation is done; and
the product and cost-benefit analysis
stages equate to a summative
evaluation stage.

13. Steps of DEM
1. Decide which program to evaluate
2. Determine the objectives of the
program
3. Plan the evaluation

14. Cont…
4. Follow through by implementing
plans to collect information
5. Identify discrepancy between
program objectives and program
accomplishment
6. Plan what to do next

15. Effectiveness of DEM
The Provus model is most effective under
the following circumstances:
 When the type of evaluation desired is
formal, and the program is in the
formative, rather than summative stages
 When evaluation is defined as
continuous information management
addressing program improvement and
assessment, and where evaluation is a
component of program development.

16. Cont…
 Where the purpose of evaluation is to
improve, maintain or terminate a
program.
 Where the key emphasis of evaluation
is program definition and program
installation.
 Where the key emphasis of evaluation
is program definition and program
installation.

17. Conclusion
The discrepancy model is useful to a
program staff that is interested in and
able to have an evaluator working with
them from the outset of program
operation. The strength of this model is
the involvement of staff in determining
and using the evaluation criteria and
standards.

18. Cont…
Provus Discrepancy Evaluation Model
can help us be in the best way to focus
more light on the many excellent
features extension programs already
have.