The document discusses summative evaluation. Summative evaluation occurs at the end of an instructional period and judges student achievement and mastery of course content. It is used to assign grades and evaluate how well instructional objectives were met. Some purposes of summative evaluation include providing information for grading, promoting students, and evaluating educational programs and methods. The document outlines the characteristics, functions, advantages, and disadvantages of summative evaluation. Examples given of summative evaluation include end-of-unit tests, end-of-term exams, and scores used for school and student accountability.

1. Summative
Evaluation
Dr.G.Jaganmohana Rao
Faculty of Education
MITE, Kohima

2. Evaluation:
Evaluation is a Continuous process; it forms an integral part of the
total system of education, and is intimately related to educational
objectives. It exercises a great influence on the pupils 'study habits and
the teachers' method of instruction and thus helps not only to measure
educational achievement, but also to improve it. The techniques of
evaluation are the means of collecting evidence about the student’s
development in desirable directions.
Definition:
Mehrens and lehmann – evaluation is professional judgment or a
process of that allows one to native a judgment about the divisibility of a
value of a measure.
Evaluation = Measurement + Value judgment

3. Purposes of Evaluation:
To provide information for grading, reporting to parents and promoting
students
To evaluate the effectiveness of a single teaching method or to appraise
the relative worth of several methods.
To motivate the student.
To select student for the courses
To evaluate the entire educational institution and to show how various
of its aspects could be improved.
To collect information for effective Educational and Vocational
Counseling.

4. Summative Evaluation:
A summative evaluation is one that takes place at the end
of the evaluation cycle. It is a type of evaluation that judges the
worth of the task by the end of program activities. The main
focus of the summative evaluation is based on the outcome.
Summative evaluation is done at the end of a course of
instruction to know to what extent the objectives previously fixed
have been accomplished. In other words, it is the evaluation of
pupils’ achievement at the end of a course. The main objective
of the summative evaluation is to assign grades to the pupils. It
indicates the degree to which the students have mastered the
course content. It helps to judge the appropriateness of
instructional objectives. Summative evaluation is generally the
work of standardized tests.

5. Characteristics of Summative Evaluation:
It is terminal in nature as it comes at the end of a course of
instruction.
It is judgmental in character in the sense that it judges the
achievement of pupils.
It views evaluation “as a product”, because its chief concern is to
point out the levels of attainment.
It cannot be based on teachers observations only.
It does not pin-point difficulties faced by the learner.
Its results can be used for placement or grading purposes.
It reinforces learning of the students who has learnt an area.
It may or may not motivate a learner. Sometimes, it may have
negative effect.

6. Functions of Summative Evaluation:
Crediting:
Crediting is concerned with collecting evidence that a learner has
achieved some instructional goals in contents in respect to a defined
curricular programme.
Certifying:
Certifying is concerned with giving evidence that the learner is able
to perform a job according to the previously determined standards.
Promoting:
It is concerned with promoting pupils to next higher class.
Selecting:
Selecting the pupils for different courses after completion of a
particular course structure.

7. Advantages of Summative Evaluation:
There are numerous advantages when a summative evaluation is
considered in the academic arena. A few of them are mentioned below.
• To know if students have understood
• To determine achievement
• Weak areas can be identified
• Boosts individuals (Motivation)
• Training success can be measured
• Instructional design

8. Disadvantages of Summative Evaluation:
With all the advantages mentioned, there are few
disadvantages which need to be focused on before opting for a
summative evaluation.
Rectification is late
Not accurate reflection of learning
Negative effect for students
Issues with teaching and curriculum
Lack of Reliability and validity
Biasing nature

9. Some of the examples of summative evaluation are:
End-of-unit or chapter tests
End-of-term or semester exams
State assessments
District assessments
Scores used for accountability for schools and students