CSU-Global OTL 545K W2 Critical Thinking Chart only, references on a separate page.

1. Instructional Design Model Comparison Chart
Model:
Description:
DID
Dynamic Instructional
Design is a six-step
instructional model
built on continual
internal and external
feedback.
(Sharpe, 2011)
Backward Design
A method of designing
curriculum in education by
setting goals followed by
choosing instructional
methods and types of
assessment.
(Wiggins & McTighe, 2005)
Summary:
The six steps are:
The design process of
Incorporates
Wiggins & McTighe states Robert Gagne's
'Begin With the end in Mind'. events of instruction:
Based on planning in three
stages, with each one
Analyze learners
focusing on a question:
State Standards and
Objectives
1)What is worthy of
Select strategies,
learning?
Technology media
2) What is the evidence of
And materials
understanding?
Utilize media,
3) What learning experiences Technology and
promote understanding?
Materials
(Wiggins & McTighe, 2012) Require learner
Participation
Evaluate and revise
(Luna, n.d.)
1) Helps clarify learning
1) Strategy to incorporate
that is being sought
technology into the
2) Similar to the way
classroom
many educators already 2) Considers students' current
Know the learners
Articulate objectives
(Using Blooms'
Taxonomy)
Establish a learning
Environment
Identify teaching and
Learning strategies
Select technologies
Evaluate and revise
Design
(Lukish, n.d.)
Advantages:
1)Each step offers
a chance to revise
and offer feedback
2)Takes into account
ASSURE
An instructional systems
design model that was
modified for use by teachers
the classroom. Using
this model, teachers can
develop the most effective
learning environment for
their students.
(Duffy & McDonald, 2011)
ADDIE
A blueprint to assist
instructors in the design of
in
courses. Developed in the
1970's at Florida State
University for use by the
US Army. It evolved
informally through an oral
tradition.
(Raleighway.com, 2012)
Five-phase instructional
design model which includes
the following steps:
Analysis
Design
Development
Implementation
Evaluation
Each phase has an outcome
leads to the next
There are many variations of
the ADDIE model
(Rodriguez, 2012)
1) Provides a step-by-step
sequence used in
designing individual
lessons

2. personal
demographics
3)Encourages students
in the use of higher
order thinking skills
4) Use of technology
Disadvantages: 1) Curriculum design
using this model
is very time intensive
2) Use of technology
is important in this
model, as opposed
to hands-on Learning,
such as playing an
instrument
Explanation:
Music is a hands-on
class, and while there
are times that the
use of technology is
appropriate, many
elementary music
teachers utilize the
principles of the Orff
method, which is not
oriented toward
technology.
plan
knowledge and ability
3) Avoids activity and
level
coverage oriented lesson 3)Requires active
planning
student participation
4) Use of technology
important
1) Some say it
1) Requires the use of
de-emphasizes the
Technology in each
teaching of content
Lesson, which may not
knowledge.
be available
2) May not be as Useful for 2) Evaluation is done at the
skill-based courses, such
end of the process and
as mathematics
may be too late to help
individual students
2) Allows objectives and
tasks to be clearly
defined
1) Process does little to
encourage innovation
2) Needs more feedback to
improve instruction
3) Does not take into
account the learners'
environment
Backward design is the way
that music teachers plan.
This model fits with
the need to prepare for
performances, know
what is needed to be
taught to reach the
appropriate level
for performance and
know if students understand
the music they will perform.
While this model is an
As a blueprint to develop
appropriate template for
effective lessons, the ADDIE
designing short-term units or process can be effective in
individual lessons, using it
almost any learning
for semester long courses
environment. It has the
would be very time
foundation to provide teachers
consuming. The principles of with a way to look at lesson
this method are appropriate, planning. It is not a fully
but the process would not
developed design model for
work for elementary music
larger units or semester/year
due to the fact that we only courses.
see our students once per
week and use technology
in a limited fashion.
Research Note: "The DID model is very
"The backward design
“To ASSURE good learning, I "I am satisfied at this point to
dynamic, it includes all the model is one of the most
I believe it is not one single conclude that the ADDIE
Model is merely a colloquial
critical elements necessary effective ways to design
thing that a teacher or
for designing effective
instruction. In the backward designer should consider, but term used to describe a
systematic approach to

3. instruction. Since feedback
occurs in every step, it
insures student progress
will be monitored along the
way. It's flexibility allows
educators
to adjust instruction at any
given time" (Lever-Duffy
& McDonald, 2011).
design model, the teacher
begins with the end, or
desired results, and
develops curriculum from
the evidence of learning"
(Wiggins & McTighe,
2005).
instructional development,
I do believe that
there are areas of emphasis“ virtually synonymous with
instructional systems
(Culatta, n.d.).
development (ISD). The label
seems not to have a single
author, but rather to have
evolved informally through
oral tradition. There is no
original, fully elaborated
model, just an umbrella term
that refers to a family of
models that share a common
underlying structure"
(Molenda, 2003).