This document describes an FM transmitter project. It includes the project title, group members, contents outline, and sections on the introduction, block diagram, working principles, circuit diagram, advantages and disadvantages, applications, and conclusion. The working principles section explains how the microphone converts sound to electrical signals, amplification increases the signal amplitude, a crystal oscillator produces a carrier wave, modulation combines the audio and carrier waves, and an antenna transmits the signal to be received by an FM receiver.

1. PROJECT TITLE
FM TRANSMITTER

2. GROUP MEMBERS:
 MUHAMMAD USAMA (UW-18-EE-BSC-
021)
 HARIS ABDULLAH (UW-18-EE-
BSC-006)

3. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Block diagram
 Working of FM transmitter
 Circuit diagram
 Advantages and disadvantages
 Applications
 Conclusion

4. FM TRANSMITTER
Introduction:
FM Transmitter :
A FM radio transmitter is device whose major
function is to send information from one point to
another in most cases the information to be
transmitted are voice music and code signals.

5. FM TRANSMITTER
Block diagram:

6. FM TRANSMITTER
Working of FM transmitter :
Working of FM transmitter with help of different
components is discuss below:
1. Microphone:
Human sound is made up of audio
wave ,and audio wave is produced
due to and rarefaction .Human
sound cannot travel through long
distance. So audio wave is converted into electrical wave
/impulse .To convert the sound wave into electrical wave ,
condense microphone is used.

7. FM TRANSMITTER
2. Amplification:
Electrical wave, produced by
microphone is very weak.
Its amplitude is very low
Amplifier is used to increase the amplitude of
low electrical wave.

8. FM TRANSMITTER
3. Crystal oscillator:
Electrical wave cannot travel
through air .We use carrier
wave which is produced by
crystal oscillator .Carrier wave is basically a
electromagnetic wave . Carrier wave is different from
audio wave(electrical wave)

9. FM TRANSMITTER
4. Modulator:
Modulator is used to combine electrical and carrier wave .
audio sound has less frequency because it is human sound
,carrier wave has continuous frequency ,and when both
combine ,it becomes modulated frequency.

10. FM TRANSMITTER
5. Antenna:
In radio an antenna is the interface between radio waves
propagating through space and electric currents moving in
metal conductors, used with a transmitter or receiver.
Antenna is used to transmit the combine signal of electrical
and carrier wave and you get this signal on your mobile
,radio and laptop.
6. Fm receiver:
The radio wave from FM transmitter ,is propagated ,and
received by FM receiver.

11. FM TRANSMITTER
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

12. FM TRANSMITTER
Advantages of the FM Transmitter:
 The FM transmitters are easy to use and the
price is low
 The efficiency of the transmitter is very high
 It has a large operating range
 This transmitter will reject the noise signal from
an amplitude variation.

13. FM TRANSMITTER
Disadvantages of the FM Transmitter:
 In the FM transmitter, the huge wider channel is
required.
 The FM transmitter and receiver will tend to be more
complex

14. FM TRANSMITTER
. Applications:
 The FM transmitters are used in the homes like sound
systems in halls to fill the sound with the audio source.
 These are also used in cars and fitness centers.
 The correctional facilities have used in the FM
transmitters to reduce the prison noise in common areas.

15. FM TRANSMITTER
Conclusion:
 We can conclude that, FM is widely used because of
several advantages of frequency modulation. Earlier
FM was not commonly used because of lack of
understand of how to benefit from FM and thus radio
communications was used.
 There are many advantages and also disadvantages of
FM. Inspite of having disadvantages, it is suitable for
many applications. In order to enable the choice of
the best modulation format to be made, it is required
to understand the disadvantages and advantages of
FM.