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Cryptography Tutorial
The document discusses various topics related to cryptography including: - Introduction to cryptography including definitions of encryption, decryption and cryptanalysis. - Types of cryptography including private key cryptography, public key cryptography and hash functions. Comparisons are made between private and public key cryptography. - Examples of cryptography techniques like Caesar cipher, rail fence cipher, steganography, and the one time pad cipher. - The overall document provides an overview of cryptography concepts, types and examples to explain the field of cryptography.
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Cryptography Tutorial
- 1. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Cryptography TUTORIAL
- 2. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Agenda
- 3. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Agenda 01 Introduction to Cryptography
- 4. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Agenda 02 Types of Cryptography 01 Introduction to Cryptography
- 5. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Agenda 02 Types of Cryptography 01 Introduction to Cryptography 03 Examples of Cryptography
- 6. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Agenda 02 Types of Cryptography 01 Introduction to Cryptography 03 Examples of Cryptography 04 Ethical Hacking Cryptography: Hands-on
- 7. Copyright Intellipaat. Allrights reserved. Introduction to Cryptography
- 8. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography What is Cryptography?
- 9. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography What is Cryptography? Cryptography is the study of the various processes which are implemented to protect information and communications, through the use of mathematical concepts and rule-based calculations
- 10. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography What is Cryptography? Cryptography is the study of the various processes which are implemented to protect information and communications, through the use of mathematical concepts and rule-based calculations Data Mathematics Protected Data
- 11. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography Why do we need Cryptography?
- 12. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography Why do we need Cryptography? Sender
- 13. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography Why do we need Cryptography? Sender
- 14. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography Why do we need Cryptography? Sender Recipient Email
- 15. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography Why do we need Cryptography? Sender Recipient Email
- 16. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography Why do we need Cryptography? Sender Recipient Email Intruder
- 17. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography Why do we need Cryptography? Sender Recipient Email Intruder
- 18. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography Why do we need Cryptography? Sender Recipient Email Intruder Intruder is able to read your data
- 19. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography Why do we need Cryptography? Sender Recipient Email Intruder We need some method to make this data unreadable by the intruder
- 20. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography Why do we need Cryptography? Sender Recipient Email We do this with ‘Encryption’
- 21. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography What is Encryption?
- 22. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography What is Encryption? Encryption (enciphering) is a cryptographic process where we convert plaintext or raw data to unintelligible information (cipher) by processing the data with an algorithm
- 23. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography What is Encryption? Encryption (enciphering) is a cryptographic process where we convert plaintext or raw data to unintelligible information (cipher) by processing the data with an algorithm Sender Recipient Email plaintext
- 24. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography What is Encryption? Encryption (enciphering) is a cryptographic process where we convert plaintext or raw data to unintelligible information (cipher) by processing the data with an algorithm Sender Recipient Email cipher
- 25. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography What is Encryption? Encryption (enciphering) is a cryptographic process where we convert plaintext or raw data to unintelligible information (cipher) by processing the data with an algorithm Sender Recipient Email cipher
- 26. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography What is Decryption? Decryption (deciphering) is a cryptographic process where we convert cipher back to plaintext by processing the data with an algorithm Sender Recipient Email plaintext
- 27. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography What is Cryptanalysis?
- 28. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography What is Cryptanalysis? Cryptanalysis is the study of deciphering ciphers without knowledge of the encryption technique cipher plaintext
- 29. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography Security Goals
- 30. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography Security Goals Confidentiality
- 31. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography Security Goals Confidentiality Integrity
- 32. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Introduction to Cryptography Security Goals Confidentiality Integrity Availability
- 33. Copyright Intellipaat. Allrights reserved. Types of Cryptography
- 34. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Private Key Cryptography
- 35. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Private Key Cryptography Private Key Cryptography (Symmetric Key Cryptography) uses a single common key on the receiving and sending end
- 36. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Private Key Cryptography Private Key Cryptography (Symmetric Key Cryptography) uses a single common key on the receiving and sending end Sender Recipient Email
- 37. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Private Key Cryptography Private Key Cryptography (Symmetric Key Cryptography) uses a single common key on the receiving and sending end Sender Recipient Email
- 38. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Private Key Cryptography Private Key Cryptography (Symmetric Key Cryptography) uses a single common key on the receiving and sending end Sender Recipient Email
- 39. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Private Key Cryptography Private Key Cryptography (Symmetric Key Cryptography) uses a single common key on the receiving and sending end Sender Recipient Email
- 40. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Public Key Cryptography
- 41. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Public Key Cryptography Public Key Cryptography (Asymmetric Key Cryptography) uses a non secretive public key for encryption, and a secretive private key for decryption Sender Recipient Email Public Key Private Key
- 42. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Public Key Cryptography Public Key Cryptography (Asymmetric Key Cryptography) uses a non secretive public key for encryption, and a secretive private key for decryption Sender Recipient Email Private Key
- 43. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Public Key Cryptography Public Key Cryptography (Asymmetric Key Cryptography) uses a non secretive public key for encryption, and a secretive private key for decryption Sender Recipient Email Private Key
- 44. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Public Key Cryptography Public Key Cryptography (Asymmetric Key Cryptography) uses a non secretive public key for encryption, and a secretive private key for decryption Sender Recipient Email
- 45. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Public Key Encryption Vs Private Key Encryption Public Key CryptographyPrivate Key Cryptography
- 46. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Public Key Encryption Vs Private Key Encryption Public Key CryptographyPrivate Key Cryptography Single Key Required Two Keys Required
- 47. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Public Key Encryption Vs Private Key Encryption Public Key CryptographyPrivate Key Cryptography Single Key Required Two Keys Required Size of the cipher text is less than equal to plaintext Size of the cipher text is greater than equal to plaintext
- 48. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Public Key Encryption Vs Private Key Encryption Public Key CryptographyPrivate Key Cryptography Single Key Required Two Keys Required Size of the cipher text is less than equal to plaintext Size of the cipher text is greater than equal to plaintext Fast Encryption, less resources Slow Encryption, high resources
- 49. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Public Key Encryption Vs Private Key Encryption Public Key CryptographyPrivate Key Cryptography Single Key Required Two Keys Required Size of the cipher text is less than equal to plaintext Size of the cipher text is greater than equal to plaintext Fast Encryption, less resources Slow Encryption, high resources Used for large data Used for small data
- 50. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Public Key Encryption Vs Private Key Encryption Public Key CryptographyPrivate Key Cryptography Single Key Required Two Keys Required Size of the cipher text is less than equal to plaintext Size of the cipher text is greater than equal to plaintext Fast Encryption, less resources Slow Encryption, high resources Used for large data Used for small data Confidentiality Confidentiality, Authenticity and Non-Repudiation
- 51. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Public Key Encryption Vs Private Key Encryption Public Key CryptographyPrivate Key Cryptography Single Key Required Two Keys Required Size of the cipher text is less than equal to plaintext Size of the cipher text is greater than equal to plaintext Fast Encryption, less resources Slow Encryption, high resources Used for large data Used for small data Confidentiality Confidentiality, Authenticity and Non-Repudiation Eg: 3DES, AES, DES and RC4 Eg: Diffie-Hellman, ECC, El Gamal, DSA and RSA
- 52. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Hash Functions
- 53. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Hash Functions Functions that convert plaintext into encrypted text are called hash functions
- 54. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Types of Cryptography Hash Functions Functions that convert plaintext into encrypted text are called hash functions f( )=Plaintext Cipher
- 55. Copyright Intellipaat. Allrights reserved. Examples of Cryptography
- 56. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Substitution: Caesar Cipher
- 57. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Substitution: Caesar Cipher A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
- 58. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Substitution: Caesar Cipher A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z FUN
- 59. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Substitution: Caesar Cipher A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z FUN N = 3
- 60. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Substitution: Caesar Cipher A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z FUN N = 3
- 61. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Substitution: Caesar Cipher A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z FUN -> IXQ N = 3
- 62. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Substitution: Caesar Cipher A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z FUN -> IXQ N = 3 By shifting the position of each alphabet forward by 3, we are able to hide the original meaning of the word
- 63. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Transposition Technique: Rail-Fence Cipher
- 64. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Transposition Technique: Rail-Fence Cipher HELLO FROM INTELLIPAAT
- 65. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Transposition Technique: Rail-Fence Cipher HELLO FROM INTELLIPAAT
- 66. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Transposition Technique: Rail-Fence Cipher HELLO FROM INTELLIPAAT H
- 67. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Transposition Technique: Rail-Fence Cipher HELLO FROM INTELLIPAAT H E
- 68. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Transposition Technique: Rail-Fence Cipher HELLO FROM INTELLIPAAT H L E
- 69. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Transposition Technique: Rail-Fence Cipher HELLO FROM INTELLIPAAT H L O F O I T L I A T E L R M N E L P A
- 70. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Transposition Technique: Rail-Fence Cipher HELLO FROM INTELLIPAAT H L O F O I T L I A T E L R M N E L P A HLOFOITLIATELRMNELPA
- 71. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Transposition Technique: Rail-Fence Cipher HELLO FROM INTELLIPAAT H L O F O I T L I A T E L R M N E L P A HLOFOITLIATELRMNELPA Since the position of the letters have been changed, this is called a Transpositional Technique
- 72. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Steganography
- 73. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Steganography Steganography is the technique of hiding secret data within ordinary files or messages
- 74. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Steganography Steganography is the technique of hiding secret data within ordinary files or messages Data
- 75. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Steganography Steganography is the technique of hiding secret data within ordinary files or messages Data Image file
- 76. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Steganography Steganography is the technique of hiding secret data within ordinary files or messages Data Image file
- 77. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography One Time Pad (Vernam Cipher)
- 78. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography One Time Pad (Vernam Cipher) This is called the ‘One Time’ Pad because the key is uniquely generated for each new data transfer or communication instance, and is only valid once
- 79. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography One Time Pad (Vernam Cipher) This is called the ‘One Time’ Pad because the key is uniquely generated for each new data transfer or communication instance, and is only valid once H E L L O
- 80. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography One Time Pad (Vernam Cipher) This is called the ‘One Time’ Pad because the key is uniquely generated for each new data transfer or communication instance, and is only valid once H E L L O 8 5 12 12 15
- 81. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography One Time Pad (Vernam Cipher) This is called the ‘One Time’ Pad because the key is uniquely generated for each new data transfer or communication instance, and is only valid once H E L L O 8 5 12 12 15 b x l k d 2 24 12 11 4
- 82. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography One Time Pad (Vernam Cipher) This is called the ‘One Time’ Pad because the key is uniquely generated for each new data transfer or communication instance, and is only valid once H E L L O 8 5 12 12 15 b x l k d 2 24 12 11 4
- 83. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography One Time Pad (Vernam Cipher) This is called the ‘One Time’ Pad because the key is uniquely generated for each new data transfer or communication instance, and is only valid once H E L L O 8 5 12 12 15 b x l k d 2 24 12 11 4 10 29 24 23 19
- 84. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography One Time Pad (Vernam Cipher) This is called the ‘One Time’ Pad because the key is uniquely generated for each new data transfer or communication instance, and is only valid once H E L L O b x l k d ( 10 29 24 23 19 ) % 26 10 3 24 23 19
- 85. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography One Time Pad (Vernam Cipher) This is called the ‘One Time’ Pad because the key is uniquely generated for each new data transfer or communication instance, and is only valid once H E L L O b x l k d ( 10 29 24 23 19 ) % 26 10 3 24 23 19 J C X W S
- 86. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography One Time Pad (Vernam Cipher) This is called the ‘One Time’ Pad because the key is uniquely generated for each new data transfer or communication instance, and is only valid once H E L L O b x l k d ( 10 29 24 23 19 ) % 26 10 3 24 23 19 J C X W S
- 87. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography One Time Pad (Vernam Cipher) This is called the ‘One Time’ Pad because the key is uniquely generated for each new data transfer or communication instance, and is only valid once H E L L O b x l k d ( 10 29 24 23 19 ) % 26 10 3 24 23 19 J C X W S Cipher
- 88. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Symmetric: DES (Data Encryption Standard)
- 89. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Symmetric: DES (Data Encryption Standard) The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a symmetric-key block cipher published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- 90. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Symmetric: DES (Data Encryption Standard) Initial Permutation Round 1 Round 2 Round 16 Final Permutation RoundKeyGenerator 64 bit Plaintext 64 bit Cipher . . . 56 bit cipher key
- 91. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography DES (Data Encryption Standard) Advantages
- 92. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography DES (Data Encryption Standard) Advantages Each small change in plaintext drastically affects the cipher
- 93. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography DES (Data Encryption Standard) Advantages Each small change in plaintext drastically affects the cipher Each cipher bit depends on several bits of plaintext
- 94. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Asymmetric: RSA (Rivest–Shamir– Adleman)
- 95. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Asymmetric: RSA (Rivest–Shamir– Adleman) RSA is an asymmetric cryptography algorithm which requires two keys, private, and public Any two prime numbers : p & q N = p * q e is a derived number greater than 1 and less than (q-1)(p-1). There should be no common factor for e and (q- 1)(p-1) The public key is (N,e)
- 96. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Asymmetric: RSA (Rivest–Shamir– Adleman) RSA is an asymmetric cryptography algorithm which requires two keys, private, and public The private key is d Calculate d when: ed = 1 mod (p-1)(q-1) Encryption formula is Cipher = Plaintext * e mod N Decryption formula is Plaintext = Cipher * d mod N
- 97. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Password Storage Method
- 98. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Password Storage Method You create an account on a website
- 99. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Password Storage Method You create an account on a website (username, password)
- 100. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Password Storage Method You create an account on a website (username, password) f(password) = Encrypted Password
- 101. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Password Storage Method You create an account on a website (username, password) f(password) = Encrypted Password Encrypted Password stored in website user database!
- 102. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Password Storage Method You create an account on a website (username, password) f(password) = Encrypted Password Encrypted Password stored in website user database!
- 103. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Password Storage Method You log into the website later
- 104. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Password Storage Method You log into the website later (username, password)
- 105. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Password Storage Method You log into the website later (username, password) f(password) = Encrypted Password
- 106. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Password Storage Method You log into the website later (username, password) f(password) = Encrypted Password Encrypted Password compared with the one in the database for your username
- 107. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Password Storage Method You log into the website later (username, password) f(password) = Encrypted Password Encrypted Password compared with the one in the database for your username If it’s a match, you successfully log into your account!
- 108. Copyright IntelliPaat, Allrights reserved Examples of Cryptography Password Storage Method Even if an attacker gains access to the user database, the attacker can’t gain access to your account as the password in the database isn’t in plaintext format! f(Encrypted Password) = Something Entirely Different f(password) = Encrypted Password
- 109. Copyright Intellipaat. Allrights reserved. Cryptography Demo
- 110. Copyright Intellipaat. Allrights reserved. India: +91-7847955955 US: 1-800-216-8930 (TOLL FREE) support@intellipaat.com 24/7 Chat with Our Course Advisor sales@intellipaat.com
Editor's Notes
- #2 Welcome back to the forth module of data science.